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检测不同训练周期古典式摔跤运动员力量训练前后肌酸激酶的变化量,观察不同训练强度对运动员的身体刺激程度,并进行相关分析研究.通过古典式摔跤运动员力量训练前后体内CK活性的变化,作为评定做工肌肉所承受的训练负荷,及了解骨骼肌细微损伤和肌肉对所施加负荷适应情况,旨在帮助运动员防止伤病和恢复的情况,对同是体能类竞技项目的冬季运动相关项目具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值. 相似文献
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江健康 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(8):24-25
耐力运动员较少进行力量训练,主要担心肌肉肥大对毛细血管和线粒体功能产生潜在负性的影响。但是肌肉的无氧工作能力、肌肉力量和肌肉的爆发力可能影响耐力运动项目的成绩。力量训练能够提高神经肌肉特征和无氧代谢能力。耐力训练中嵌入力量训练的训练模式可能有助于提高耐力性项目成绩。 相似文献
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这里所讲的力量训练,至少要考虑三个关系:第一是神经与肌肉的控制关系;第二是能量供给与训练过程的关系;第三是结缔、支持组织与训练负荷的关系。一、力量训练的三个关系 1.神经与肌肉的控制关系就是说,运动的过程是一个不断的控制调谐过程。中枢神经系统向肌肉送去有控制的信号刺激,肌肉能根据接收的情况 相似文献
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一、力量训练的原则
1．超负荷原则。负荷是决定力量发展的关键因素。所谓超负荷是指负荷接近本人平时所能克服的最大阻力或超过以往已适应的负荷。超负荷训练能对肌肉产生较大的刺激，使肌肉产生相应的生理学适应，导致肌肉力量增加。如果只用平时所能克服的阻力练习，肌肉力量只能保持在原有水平。因此，采用对抗最大或接近最大阻力的练习，能有效地发展肌肉力量。 相似文献
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《上海体育学院学报》2000,24(3):88-88
1 超负荷原则 :超负荷就是用最大负荷进行训练 ,采用超负荷能迫使肌肉进行最大收缩 ,因而刺激人体产生一系列的生理适应性变化 ,导致肌肉力量增长 ,较小的负荷只能使肌肉保持原有力量水平。2 渐增阻力原则 :在力量训练过程中 ,肌肉由于超负荷训练导致力量增长 ,原来的超负荷变成了低负荷。因此 ,力量训练必须循序渐进 ,经常不断地增加阻力和重复次数 ,使肌肉经常在超负荷的条件下训练 ,不断产生新的生理适应。3 力量练习安排原则 :力量训练中 ,要使大肌群先于小肌群受到训练 ,其原因是小肌群比大肌群易出现疲劳 ,为了保证大肌群的超负荷 ,… 相似文献
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田径运动中肌肉收缩速度力量分析及其训练原理探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对田径运动中肌肉收缩速度力量分析,提出了提高运动员专项速度力量的训练原理。力量训练时,必须根据各个专项运动的肌肉收缩速度与力量特性、肌肉收缩的力学规律、肌肉不同收缩速度的神经肌肉特点等规律,对运动员采用适度提高肌肉大力量能力,以提高肌肉抗中等负荷速度力量能力和快速能力等力量训练,最终实现肌肉的最快速度收缩所产生的力量提高。 相似文献
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目的：神经肌肉系统将训练刺激转换为长期适应性变化的能力是短跑运动训练可塑性的重要生物学基础。本文拟对短跑训练诱发神经肌肉功能重塑和代谢适应性变化相关分子机制和最新研究方法进行系统分析探讨。方法：采用最新文献研究和前瞻性分析相结合的方法,本文对短跑训练神经肌肉功能重塑及适应性代谢变化的关键影响因素进行分类整理和归纳分析,并对代谢组学应用于短跑训练机体适应性变化及疲劳发生的有效监控和干预进行研究展望。结果：脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)等运动因子能够以旁分泌方式在调控肌肉卫星干细胞分化和神经肌肉系统功能重塑发挥关键作用;Ca2+离子通路及p53/PGC-1α、AMPK、p38MAPK等线粒体生物发生和能量代谢调节的关键分子是介导短跑训练通过表观遗传变化诱导运动表现提升和能量代谢稳态调控网络的重要靶点。根据专项特点有针对性地进行整合间歇训练、速度力量训练和连续循环训练的高强度功能性训练(HIFT),以均衡方式对神经肌肉及心血管多系统产生整体训练负荷刺激,能够更有效诱发BDNF表达和分泌,激活表观遗传学关键通路,在提高短跑训练生理适应性(氧利用率及能量代谢)及神经系统可塑... 相似文献
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Angelo Sabag Abdolrahman Najafi Scott Michael Tuguy Esgin Mark Halaki 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2472-2483
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of concurrent high intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on strength and hypertrophy. Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to HIIT, RT, and concurrent training. Effect size (ES), calculated as standardised differences in the means, were used to examine the effect of concurrent HIIT and RT compared to RT alone on muscle strength and hypertrophy. Sub-analyses were performed to assess region-specific strength and hypertrophy, HIIT modality (cycling versus running), and inter-modal rest responses. Compared to RT alone, concurrent HIIT and RT led to similar changes in muscle hypertrophy and upper body strength. Concurrent HIIT and RT resulted in a lower increase in lower body strength compared to RT alone (ES = ?0.248, p = 0.049). Sub analyses showed a trend for lower body strength to be negatively affected by cycling HIIT (ES = ?0.377, p = 0.074) and not running (ES = ?0.176, p = 0.261). Data suggests concurrent HIIT and RT does not negatively impact hypertrophy or upper body strength, and that any possible negative effect on lower body strength may be ameliorated by incorporating running based HIIT and longer inter-modal rest periods. 相似文献
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目的探讨8周高强度间歇训练(High Intensity Interval Training,HIIT)对男子赛艇公开级运动员血红蛋白和身体成分的影响。方法某省16名男子赛艇公开级运动员作为研究对象,采取随机抽样的方式分成对照组和高强度间歇组(HIIT组),每组各8例。连续8周对照组采用一般日常训练,HIIT组增加高强度间歇训练。比较训练前后两组血红蛋白和身体成分指标变化情况。结果 HIIT组8名队员训练前后血红蛋白水平有显著提高(P<0.05),对照组不显著(P>0.05);体重和脂肪百分比含量下降,对照组显著(p<0.05),HIIT组极显著(p<0.01);而瘦体重和去脂体重,HIIT组有显著增加(p<0.05),对照组变化不明显(p>0.05)。结论 8周HIIT训练能明显提高赛艇男子公开级运动员血红蛋白水平,并显著降低体脂,增加瘦体重和去脂体重。 相似文献
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目的：比较大强度间歇训练（HIIT）和一般有氧训练（AT）2种训练方法的神经-免疫应答特征差异。方法：以8名一线男子皮艇运动员为研究对象,HIIT和AT各进行2周训练,每周9节训练课,训练量基本保持一致;对两种训练方法前、后的测定指标进行比较。分别在HIIT和AT前、后次日晨6：30安静状态下进行仰卧位短时程5 min心率变异性测试,并在测试结束即刻空腹安静状态下取肘静脉血,用于测量淋巴细胞亚群和血浆儿茶酚胺。结果：2周训练后,AT组和HIIT组心率变异性（HRV）时域指标R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、相邻R-R间期差值均方根（RMSSD）、相邻间期的差值标准差（SDSD）和频域指标总功率（TP）、高频功率（HF）、低频功率（LF）均有不同幅度变化,但均无统计学意义,且AT组和HIIT组间无交互效应;AT组T%、CD8+%和HIIT组B%、CD4+%、CD4+/CD8+均有显著差异,且AT组和HIIT组间B%、CD4+%、CD8+%和CD4+/CD8+有显著交互效应;AT组和HIIT组ADR、NE有不同幅度变化,但均无统计学差异;AT组和HIIT组间NE有显著交互效应。结论：与AT相比,HIIT对免疫系统产生影响更大,但两者对神经系统影响均较小。在竞技体育训练过程中,运动员进行HIIT后,建议及时通过饮食、营养品等手段进行干预,避免运动员出现免疫功能下降的现象。 相似文献
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近些年来,大强度间歇训练广泛的应用于大众健身和运动减肥领域。本文采用文献资料法梳理总结了HIIT对肥胖人群的干预效果,得出以下结论:(1)与中等强度持续训练相比,HIIT提高运动效率;增强运动后过量氧耗EPOC;抑制食欲,控制体重方面更具有优势;(2) HIIT与MICT在体重、BMI、Fat%、腰臀比方面具有相似的运动效果,但HIIT能降低内脏脂肪含量,而中低强度持续训练却无此效果;(3) HIIT能改善心肺耐力,显著提高最大摄氧量。 相似文献
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M. A. McNarry M. J. Lewis N. Wade G. A. Davies Con Winn W. T. B. Eddolls 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):2228-2235
ABSTRACTLittle is known regarding the influence of asthma and exercise, and their interaction, on heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents.Thirty-one adolescents with asthma (13.7±0.9 years; 21.9±3.9 kg·m?2; 19 boys, 12 girls) and thirty-three healthy adolescents (13.8±0.9 years; 20.3±3.2 kg·m?2; 16 boys, 17 girls) completed an incremental ramp test and three heavy-intensity constant-work-rate cycle tests. Thirteen adolescents (7 boys, 6 girls; 6 asthma, 7 control) completed six-months high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Standard time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear indices of HRV were derived at baseline, three- and six-months.Asthma did not influence HRV at baseline or following HIIT. Total power, low frequency and normalised low frequency power, and sympathovagal balance increased at three-months in HIIT, subsequently declining towards baseline at six-months. Normalised high frequency power was reduced at three-months in both groups, which was sustained at six-months. No effects of HIIT were observed in the time-domain nor in the non-linear indices.HRV was not influenced by asthma, potentially because such derangements are a function of disease progression, severity or duration. HIIT may be associated with a short-term shift towards greater sympathetic predominance during exercise, perhaps caused by physiological overload and fatigue. 相似文献
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目的:对比12周高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练促进肥胖小鼠内脏与皮下白色脂肪棕色化的效果,分析促进棕色化的交感神经活动及肌肉因子合成与棕色化标志物的相关关系。随后根据相关分析结果,对内脏脂肪交感神经受体进行化学抑制,验证交感神经活动促棕色化的作用。方法:1)效果观察实验,采用雌性C57bl/6小鼠经高糖高脂膳食诱导建立肥胖动物模型后,随机分为肥胖对照组(HFD)、中等强度持续运动组(MICT)和高强度间歇训练组(HIIT),HFD组不运动,MICT组进行中等强度跑台训练,HIIT组进行高强度间歇跑台训练。训练周期12周,期间3组均继续进行高糖高脂饲养。训练结束后测量子宫周围内脏脂肪与腹股沟皮下脂肪重量,H.E.染色观察脂肪细胞形态,蛋白免疫印迹观察骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha,PGC-1α)、纤维连接蛋白Ⅲ型结构域蛋白5(fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5,FNDC5)、脂肪酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)及解偶联蛋白1(uncoupling protein-1,UCP-1)表达;2)机制验证实验,12只小鼠随机分为安慰剂组(Saline)与拮抗剂组(SR),两组均进行10天HIIT训练,SR组每次训练前2 h腹腔注射脂肪交感神经受体拮抗剂SR59230a,Saline组注射生理盐水,训练结束后蛋白免疫印迹观察内脏与皮下脂肪UCP-1表达。结果:1)HIIT组与MICT组体重均非常显著低于HFD组(P<0.01),HIIT组子宫周围内脏脂肪重量显著低于HFD组与MICT组(P<0.05),同时,内脏脂肪细胞体积HIIT组0.05),内脏与皮下脂肪FNDC5与UCP-1均无显著相关性;2)SR组内脏脂肪UCP-1表达显著低于Saline组(P<0.05)。结论:HIIT相比MICT可更显著的促进内脏白色脂肪组织棕色化,且此过程与脂肪交感神经调控密切相关。 相似文献
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P. Á. Latorre-Román F. García Pinillos V. M. Soto-Hermoso 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(13):1247-1254
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate running kinematic characteristics and foot strike patterns (FSP) during early and late stages of actual and common high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT): 5 × 2000 m with 120-s recovery between runs. Thirteen healthy, elite, highly trained male endurance runners participated in this study. They each had a personal record in the half-marathon of 70 ± 2.24 min, and each had a minimum experience of 4 years of training and competition. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored during HIIT. High levels of exhaustion were reached by the athletes during HIIT (HRpeak: 174.30 bpm; RPE: 17.23). There was a significant increase of HRpeak and RPE during HIIT; nevertheless, time for each run remained unchanged. A within-protocol paired t-test (first vs. last run) revealed no significant changes (P ≥ 0.05) in kinematics variables and FSP variables during HIIT. There were no substantial changes on kinematics and FSP characteristics in endurance runners after fatigue induced by a HIIT. Only the minimum ankle alignment showed a significant change. The author suggests that these results might be due to both the high athletic level of participants and their experience in HIIT. 相似文献
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分析高强度间歇运动(HIIT)与中等强度持续运动(CMT)对心肺功能的对比影响。方法:通过搜集相关数据库,知网、万方、百链、PubMed、Ebsco、Springer Link、Science Direct进行检索(到2018年9月),并设定研究纳入和剔除标准,提取各研究VO2max变化值(x±s),通过Rev Man 5. 3进行meta分析。结果:从1045篇文献筛选,最终28篇文献符合纳入标准。分析结果表明:HIIT与CMT比较,HIIT提高VO2max较明显(+1. 45mL·Kg^-1min^-1,95%CI:0. 86-2. 05,p<0. 01),具有统计学意义。结论:HIIT能有效的改善成年人的心肺功能,且相对于CMT是一种省时有效的改善成年人心肺功能方式。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) utilizing a canoeing ergometer on endurance determinants, as well as aerobic and anaerobic performances among flat-water canoeists. Fourteen well-trained male flat-water canoeists were divided into an HIIT group or an MICT group. All subjects performed a continuous graded exercise test (GXT) and three fixed-distance (200, 500, and 1000?m) performance tests on a canoeing ergometer to determine canoeing economy, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and power at VO2peak, and to calculate the critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic work capacity before and after the training programmes. The training programme involved training on a canoeing ergometer three times per week for four weeks. HIIT consisted of seven 2 min canoeing bouts at an intensity of 90% VO2peak separated by 1 min of rest. The MICT group was trained at an intensity of 65% VO2peak continuously for 20 min. After four weeks of training, performance in the 200-m distance test and the power at VO2peak significantly improved in the HIIT group; performance in the 500?m and 1000?m distances and CV significantly improved in the MICT group. However, all variables were not significantly different between groups. It is concluded that HIIT for four weeks is an effective training strategy for improvement of short-distance canoeing performance. In contrast, MICT improves middle-distance canoeing performances and aerobic capacity. 相似文献
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Chantal A. Vella Katrina Taylor Devin Drummer 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1203-1211
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health during supervised lab-based studies but adherence, enjoyment, and health benefits of HIIT performed independently are yet to be understood. We compared adherence, enjoyment, and cardiometabolic outcomes after 8 weeks of HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), matched for energy expenditure, in overweight and obese young adults. Methods: 17 adults were randomized to HIIT or MICT. After completing 12 sessions of supervised training over 3 weeks, participants were asked to independently perform HIIT or MICT for 30 min, 4 times/week for 5 weeks. Cardiometabolic outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak), lipids, and inflammatory markers. Exercise enjoyment was measured by the validated Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Results: Exercise adherence (93.4?±?3.1% vs. 93.1?±?3.7%, respectively) and mean enjoyment across the intervention (100.1?±?4.3 vs. 100.3?±?4.4, respectively) were high, with no differences between HIIT and MICT (p?>?.05). Similarly, enjoyment levels did not change over time in either group (p?>?.05). After training, HIIT exhibited a greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than MICT (?0.66?mmol?L?1 vs. ?0.03?mmol?L?1, respectively) and a greater increase in VO2 peak than MICT (p?<?.05, +2.6?mL?kg?min?1 vs. +0.4?mL?kg?min?1, respectively). Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein increased in HIIT (+0.5?pg?mL?1 and +?31.4?nmol?L?1, respectively) and decreased in MICT (?0.6?pg?mL?1 and ?6.7?nmol?L?1, respectively, p?<?.05). Conclusions: Our novel findings suggest that HIIT is enjoyable and has high unsupervised adherence rates in overweight and obese adults. However, HIIT may be associated with an increase in inflammation with short-term exercise in this population. 相似文献