共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
最大摄氧量和无氧阈在运动训练中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
耐力性项目运动员有氧能力的水平,可以采用测定运动员最大摄氧量和无氧阈的方法加以评价。1 最大摄氧量及其应用最大摄氧量(VO2max)是指人体在进行有大量肌肉群参加的有力竭性运动中,当氧运输系统各个环 相似文献
2.
运动员在从事耐力项目运动时，其能量供应来源主要依靠有氧代谢，因而有氧代谢能力的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩之间呈显著相关。长期以来，运动生理学家们把最大摄氧量（Ｖ０２ｍａｘ）作为衡量人体有氧能力水平的重要指标。有氧能力在各种运动项目中的重要性是不同的。现已证明，最大摄氧量的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩密切相关，最大摄氧量愈大，运动成绩愈好。 相似文献
3.
运动时刚引起体内乳酸堆积的最大摄氧量利用率称为无氧阈(Anaerobic Thresbold,简称AT),AT在运动实践中有着十分重要的意义和作用。首先,由于AT是有氧代谢向无氧代谢过渡的转换点,故在运动训练中,可针对不同运动项目的有氧和无氧代谢的比例特点,根据AT理论来选择最佳训练强度,从而获得最佳训练效果。特别是在发展有氧耐力时,若以AT强度进行训练,既能使呼吸、循环系统和心输出量达到或接近其极限水平,又能在能量代谢上使无氧代谢比例减小到最低程度,保证了训练效应的最优化。其次,由于AT是有氧耐力效率的标志,代表长时间运动的吸氧水平,与运动员的耐力水平和耐力运动成绩密切相关,所以,迄今为止,它被认为是评定运动员的耐力运动水平和预测耐力运动成绩的最好指标。 相似文献
4.
男子武术套路运动员有氧代谢能力的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用自动气体分析仪和遥测心率计对20名男子武术套路运动员的有氧代谢能力进行了研究。结果表明:优秀男子武术套路运动员的最大摄氧量达3 6±0 32L/min(60 9±4 23ml/kg·min);无氧阈摄氧量占最大摄氧量的79 8%,接近优秀耐力性项目运动员水平;但一般水平武术套路运动员同比则有显著差异,提示武术基础训练中应注意加强有氧代谢能力训练,以有助于耐力素质的全面提高。 相似文献
5.
有氧代谢能力与耐力项目训练中运动强度的选择 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
全面阐述了有氧代谢能力的概念，提出了最大摄氧量、无氧阈、最大摄氧量平台的持续时间都应是耐力训练的目标。在此基础上讨论了发展此3项目标应采用的训练强度。 相似文献
6.
耐力训练应考虑的一些基本因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在参阅国内外文献资料的基础上,对高水平中长跑运动员如何进行耐力训练进行了分析。认为教练员在训练中长跑运动员时,应充分考虑每名运动员的有氧阈速度,无氧阈速度和最大摄氧量速度以及跑的经济性这些重要指标,并对如何测验运动员的耐力水平提供了一些有益建议 相似文献
7.
有氧能力的高低是马拉松跑者能否取得优异成绩的关键。最大摄氧量、乳酸阈和跑步经济性是衡量运动员有氧能力和耐力运动表现的关键指标，也是长跑训练效果的核心考量。由于力量和耐力训练对机体产生不同的训练刺激，教练员和运动员很少将力量训练作为提升耐力运动表现的手段，以防止有氧能力受到负面影响。通过对大量文献梳理发现，力量训练可以在不影响机体最大摄氧量和乳酸阈值的前提下，通过改善神经肌肉功能、转换肌纤维类型以及增强肌肉肌腱刚度和利用弹性势能的能力，提高跑步经济性和无氧能力，改善运动员耐力运动表现。本文基于对力量、耐力训练的生理学适应的探讨，总结不同形式力量训练对耐力运动表现的影响与作用机制，并为马拉松选手科学安排力量训练提出建议，从而优化其耐力运动表现。 相似文献
8.
最大摄氧量速度研究进展（综述） 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过文献综述法,分析了最大摄氧量速度(vVO2max)及其相关指标最大运动时间(Tmax)和达到最大摄氧量后运动时间(tlim)的概念、意义和在有氧耐力训练中的应用情况,提示这些指标可有效地指导有氧耐力训练及评估运动员耐力水平。 相似文献
9.
划船是一项大强度的耐力性运动项目,它要求运动员具备良好的有氧代谢能力。最大摄氧量常被作为评定耐力运动员有氧能力的指标。近几年国内外对划船运动员的有氧能力陆续作了研究报道。为了解我省划船运动员的机能水平,本文对四川划船集训队41名运动员最大摄氧量进行了测定分析,并与 相似文献
10.
最大摄氧量被视为有氧能力生理指标和耐力成绩指标.运动员的最大摄氧量与耐力成绩高度相关.然而,同项目运动员,如经过专业化训练的跑步运动员,其最大摄氧量与运动成绩的相关性则不是很高.为什么在最大摄氧量相近的个体中,耐力成绩却各不相同? 相似文献
11.
赛艇运动是典型的有氧耐力运动项目，有氧代谢可直接影响运动员专项能力的发挥及运动成绩的提高，运动过程中气体代谢的变化又能反映运动员能量代谢的状态，8周HiHLo、HiLo和LoLo训练后，通过对运动员VO2max、VO2max／kg等有氧代谢主要评价指标的综合分析可以看出，低氧训练组运动员有氧代谢能力均有所增长，由于训练模式的不同增长幅度各异，总体表现为HiHiLo组提高幅度大于HiLo组；LoLo组有氧代谢能力没有明显变化。从研究结果不难看出，不同模式低氧训练对运动员有氧运动能力的提高幅度不一，这与训练量、训练强度的安排与控制密切相关，且应考虑运动员的个体差异，因此在今后的训练中应按照运动员个体情况合理安排训练模式、训练量及训练强度，以期获得较好训练效果。 相似文献
12.
有氧与无氧耐力的动态关系及其对当前我国耐力训练的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有氧和无氧耐力是耐力项目训练的重点,也是当前运动训练界在世界范围内被广泛关注并极具争议的问题.专项耐力对有氧和无氧能力具有不同的需求,它们二者之间的比例是专项耐力形成的重要依据.同时,有氧和无氧能力在横向和纵向还呈现出相互支撑和制约的动态变化关系,该关系对耐力训练,尤其是专项耐力的训练具有重要的指导作用. 相似文献
13.
Development of maximal oxygen uptake in young elite male cross-country skiers: a longitudinal study.
F Ingjer 《Journal of sports sciences》1992,10(1):49-63
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extensive endurance training (15-25 h per week) on the development of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in boys from puberty. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured a number of times each year from the age of puberty and for the next 6-9 years in seven young male elite cross-country skiers. Mean VO2 max was measured as 76.3 and 80.1 ml kg-1 min-1 at the ages of 14 and 15 years respectively. Despite the fast rate of growth during puberty, maximal aerobic power showed seasonal variations from the age of 14, reaching a plateau at the age of 15, whereas VO2 max (ml kg-2/3 min-1) increased continuously. It is concluded that, during puberty, boys probably attain significant increases in VO2 max when appropriate amounts of endurance training are undertaken. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in oxygen uptake kinetics following endurance training in previously trained athletes. Sixteen competitive cyclists completed 8 weeks of supervised endurance cycle training. Ventilatory threshold, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake kinetics and simulated 40-km time-trial tests were performed three times over a 4-week period before training, and then after 4 and 8 weeks of training. The protocol for measuring oxygen uptake kinetics consisted of three square-wave increments from unloaded cycling to a power output of 78 W followed by a single increment from 78 to 156 W. No significant differences in any variables were observed over the pre-training period. The ventilatory threshold and VO2max increased, and the time for 40 km decreased (P < 0.05) with training. Shorter VO2 time constants and lower heart rates were observed during the protocol for measuring oxygen uptake kinetics (same absolute power output) post-training. These results indicate that oxygen uptake kinetics may be improved with endurance training in previously trained athletes. 相似文献
15.
曹兵 《体育成人教育学刊》2003,19(2):30-31
有氧耐力是指机体从事长时间运动的重要能力，有氧训练可以有效地改善机体的心肺功能，提高神经系统的协调性，发展有氧耐力。本主要阐明了发展有氧耐力的生理学依据以及发展有氧耐力的控制原则。 相似文献
16.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
17.
中国北方汉族男子FECH基因-252A/G多态与耐力训练敏感性的关联研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨中国北方汉族男性亚铁螯合酶(FECH)基因-252A/G多态性与耐力训练敏感性的关联,寻找与有氧耐力训练效果的分子标记。方法:选取102名中国北方汉族男性健康受试者,以95%～105%个体无氧阈强度进行5 000米跑训练,每周3次,共18周,训练前后测定VO2max、RE等指标。使用PCR-RFLP和测序方法解析该基因多态性的分布特征,并进行该多态与上述生理指标进行关联性分析。结果:1)耐力训练前,AA基因型跑节省化时的心率(RE/HR)、跑节省化时的最大摄氧量(RE/rVO2)起始值均显著性低于GG基因型(P<0.01);2)有氧耐力训练后,AA基因型通气阈时的摄氧量(△VT/VO2)增加的幅度显著性高于GG基因型(P<0.05);AA基因型在跑节省化时的心率(△RE/HR)下降的幅度显著性高于GG基因型(P<0.05)。结论:在FECH基因-252A/G多态性中,AA基因型耐力训练具有较高的训练敏感性,可作为预测有氧耐力训练敏感性的分子标记。 相似文献
18.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s: age 23+/-4 years; body mass 69.7+/-9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23+/-4 years; body mass 72.7+/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO2max, running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1); and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO2max, running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1) or the lactate minimum speed. In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO2max (from 47.9+/-8.4 to 52.2+/-2.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3+/-1.7 to 13.9+/-1.6 km x h(-1)), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2+/-1.8 to 11.9+/-1.8 km x h(-1)) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol x l(-1) (from 12.5+/-2.2 to 13.2+/-2.1 km x h(-1)) (all P < 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0+/-0.7 to 10.9+/-1.7 km x h(-1)). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed, when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献