共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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7岁前儿童超声骨龄测试结果中超声速（SOS）值的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前,国际上流行的一种测试骨龄的高科技方法——超声骨龄测试法,测试结果中的SOS值是代表超声波在桡、尺骨远端骺软骨中的传播速度。由于学龄前儿童的桡骨远端骨骺已发育而尺骨茎突发育尚未出现,本研究试图找出该年龄段儿童SOS值的变化特征及其与其他生长发育指标的关系。本研究采用以色列阳光公司SunlightBonAgeTM超声波骨龄测试仪对679名5～7岁健康儿童进行检测,并与其它生长发育指标进行比较研究。本研究发现,超声骨龄结果中的SOS值与其它生长发育指标显著相关,存在着年龄、性别及发育程度的差异性。超声骨龄测试法在我国尚处于起步推广阶段,深入研究测试结果中的SOS值的变化特征及影响因素,对建立起我国的超声骨龄发育标准体系有着重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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通过判读手掌和手腕骨的X光成像图片来评价青少年骨龄是体育和医学界一直使用的传统方法,长期的实践应用已证明它是行之有效的。但为变革其固有的缺陷对新的评价方法的探索一直没有停止,其中以色列阳光公司研制的BoneAge超声骨龄检测仪利用定量超声原理来评价骨龄,已批量投入市场且已为国内部分省市的体育部门所采用。研究目的:对BoneAge超声检测方法和传统X光拍摄方法进行方法学比较分析,检验新方法的准确性和有效性,以维护骨龄检测的权威性和科学性。研究对象:5-17岁男女青少年322名。研究方法:(1)超声骨龄仪的可重复性试验(实验对象93名);(2)X光片判读结果与超声检测结果的比较。对223名男女青少年拍摄手掌(腕)骨进行X光拍摄后随即使用BonAge超声骨龄检测仪对同批对象进行手腕部超声扫描。将超声骨龄结果与两位专家对X光片盲式读片结果的平均值进行比较分析。研究结果:(1)对超声骨龄仪的可重复性实验结果表明,两次测试的骨龄均值无显著性差异且呈高度相关,提示该仪器总体稳定性良好;(2)对超声骨龄结果与X光骨龄均值比较的显示,无论是区分年龄段还是性别,两种评定结果之间均有较大的系统误差和随机误差,且这种误差随年龄段的增大而有所加大;对年龄段较高的人群,超声检测结果更易高估对象的骨发育程度;单因变量多因素方差分析表明,骨龄评价结果主要受到评定方法和年龄段因素的影响,而与性别因素关系不大;对超声骨龄和X光骨龄的相关程度和直线回归分析表明,尽管总体人群的两种评价结果存在高度相关,直线回归效果较好,但引入年龄段因素后,相关程度明显降低,回归效果较差,提示这两种方法之间不能相互替代。 相似文献
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超声骨龄和中国人骨发育判读标准的骨龄判读对比分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来随着超声的技术发展,正逐渐被应用于骨龄的判读中。与传统的X线判读骨龄相比,超声骨龄可以自行判读,判读过程中客观性高,受人为的主观性影响较小。但是由于其技术较新,其准确性和精确性还需要进一步研究。本文就是对同一批受试者的超声骨龄和中国人骨发育判读标准(CHN)判读结果进行对比性研究,以期对超声骨龄的研究提供一点依据。结果:男女两种测试方法判读结果整体成高度相关,但配对性T检验,两者差异具有显著性。分年龄段的相关性男性大部分相关性在0.6～0.3之间,女性相关性由0.9下降到负相关,按年龄分段T检验男女性别差异大部分均具有显著性,两种方法读数差异在0～1岁之内比例男女分别为54%和59.8%。结论:两种方法判读骨龄有一定的差异,这可能是与人类学发展特点以及两方法所采用的不同的判读标准有关。 相似文献
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目的:对骨龄在6～12岁的儿童分别使用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)和生物电阻抗法(BIA)对身体成分进行测试,分析儿童身体成分指标的特征与变化规律,研究两种方法的相互关系,以DEXA为标准检验BIA与DEXA的相关性和一致性.方法:选取235名骨龄从6 ～12岁健康儿童(男童,n=127;女童,n=108),分别测试和计算身高、体重、身体体重指数和骨龄,分别使用DEXA和BIA(有16名男童和11名女童未完成BIA测试)测量儿童％BF.结果:DEXA所测儿童上肢、大腿、躯干和全身％BF均随骨龄增加而持续增加,在相同骨龄段儿童大腿部分％BF都要高于上肢和躯干部分％ BF.在剔除性别和骨龄变量的影响条件下,儿童全身％BFDEXA与％BFBIA二变量的偏相关系数为0.906(P＜0.01).所有儿童全身％BFDEXA与％BFBIA之间的线性回归分析,回归方程为DEXA％ BF=1.040BIA％ BF+0.119,判定系数R2=0.846,回归估计的标准误差SEE=3.779kg.结论:随着生长发育的进行儿童身体局部和全身％ BF具有逐渐升高的趋势.BIA与DEXA在测量儿童全身体脂率时具有很高的相关性,BIA可以作为一种评价全身体脂率的方法. 相似文献
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研究目的:研究穿着不同压力下肢紧身服对跑步过程中摄氧量以及运动后血乳酸恢复的影响。研究方法:选择北京体育大学12名健康男性长跑爱好者作为研究对象。受试者进行3次递增负荷最大摄氧量测试,在测试期间随机穿戴不同压力的下肢紧身服和普通运动长裤进行测试。最大摄氧量测试采用METAMAX 3B心肺功能测试系统进行测试,根据Bruce测试方案每3 min递增负荷,直至受试者运动至力竭。分别在安静时、运动后1 min、4 min、7 min和10 min 5个时刻测量血乳酸指标。采用Simi Aktisys 3D实验设备进行肌肉震动测试。采用一般线性模型的重复测量统计学方法比较3种情况下各项指标的差异。研究结果:运动过程中,高压力下肢紧身服在第二负荷上的耗氧量显著减小(P=0.047),但在其他负荷的耗氧量以及最大摄氧量没有出现显著性的差异。不同压力下肢紧身服对乳酸最大值以及乳酸消除速率没有产生显著性的影响。不同压力下肢紧身服均能够显著减小股四头肌、股二头肌和腓肠肌的肌肉震动(P=0.017、P=0.012、P=0.028),并且压力较大的下肢紧身服对肌肉的固定效果更好。研究结论:不同压力下肢紧身服对一次性高强度跑步运动过程中的最大摄氧量没有显著性的影响,但有可能在一定运动强度范围内减少运动过程中氧气的消耗。下肢紧身服对一次性高强度跑步运动后乳酸恢复没有显著性的影响。下肢紧身服能够降低肌肉的额外震动,并且压力越大,效果越好。 相似文献
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最大乳酸稳定状态下足球运动员康科尼测试中个体无氧阈最大速度的选取及可靠性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究目的 :1)应用场地康科尼测试方法寻找足球运动员个体无氧阈最大速度的可行性 ;2 )分析康氏测试心率拐点与乳酸阈拐点对应的个体无氧阈最大速度之间的关系 ;3)测定最大乳酸稳定状态 ( ML SS) ,验证康氏测试个体无氧阈最大速度的可靠性。结果证明 ,在康氏测试中 85 %受试者都出现心率拐点 ,完成距离最短者心率拐点偏左、中长者居中、最长者偏右 ,相对应的乳酸阈速度正好低于心率拐点速度一个等级 ,但该两种速度之间并未出现不规则变化差异 ,且高度相关。选取康氏测试心率拐点速度进行 2 4 min匀速运动受试者平均乳酸值显示最大乳酸稳定状态 ( ML SS) ,表明可用于个体无氧阈最大速度 ,但大于 180次 / m in的心率拐点速度即已超过本人的个体无氧阈最大速度 相似文献
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青春突增期不同发育类型女生骨矿成分和性激素水平特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
4所小学175名11岁女生为实验对象,拍摄手部X光片,然后根据CHN法判定受试者的骨龄,确定发育类型,并对实验对象的各指标进行了测试。调查结果表明:受试者的骨龄,确定发育类型,并对实验对象的各指标进行了测试。调查结果表明:受试者的骨龄除了与骨横径外,与各实验指标之间存在明显的相关关系,即随着个体骨龄的增加,骨矿成分和性激素水平也随之增加。此外,还发现同年龄、同性别、不同发育类型女生的骨矿含量、骨密度、血清睾酮和血清雌二醇之间均存在显著性差异,指标均值的大小与发育程度一致,排列顺序为早发育>正常发展>晚发育。 相似文献
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《湖北体育科技》2019,(10):903-909
目的通过测试单认知任务与不同双重任务状态下静态平衡相关指标,以及探讨双重任务介入不同难度动作的姿势稳定性,旨在研究认知任务干预的情况下,比较不同难度认知任务对一般运动爱好者静态平衡能力的影响。方法选取12名男性一般运动爱好者进行静态平衡能力测试,通过附加心算计数认知任务干预(连续减3和连续减7),采用PK 252平衡测试仪测试单任务与双任务情境下,双足睁闭眼、优势腿睁闭眼状态下各压力中心移动轨迹指标的值,测试时间均为30s。结果与结论通过测试,认知任务务影响人的静态平衡能力,且对一般运动爱好者的静态平衡能力有积极影响,动作难度影响注意力分配和人体姿势稳定性,较低水平的认知任务对人体有益,并且视觉作为人体平衡指标重要影响因素,受认知任务和注意控制能力的影响。 相似文献
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess both short-term reliability and long-term stability of anthropometric and physical performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players in relation to age and maturation. Data were collected on 80 players from an academy (U13–U18, pre- (n = 14), circum- (n = 32) and post- (n = 34) estimated peak height velocity, PHV). For the reliability analysis, anthropometric and performance tests were repeated twice within a month. For the stability analysis, these tests were repeated 12 times over a 4-year period in 10 players. Absolute reliability was assessed with the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). Relative reliability and long-term stability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was no clear age or maturation effect on either the CVs or ICCs: e.g., Post-PHV vs. Pre-PHV: effect size = –0.37 (90% confidence limits (CL):-1.6;0.9), with chances of greater/similar/lower values of 20/20/60%. For the long-term stability analysis, ICCs varied from 0.66 (0.50;0.80) to 0.96 (0.93;0.98) for 10-m sprint time and body mass, respectively. The short-term reliability of anthropometry and physical performance measures is unlikely to be affected by age or maturation. However, some of these measures are unstable throughout adolescence, which questions their usefulness in a talent identification perspective. 相似文献
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William Johnston Ciara Duignan Garrett F Coughlan Brian Caulfield 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1308-1313
This cohort study aimed to provide normative Y Balance Test scores for an elite Rugby Union population, while investigating the effect player age groups (senior/under-20), playing positions (forwards/backs) and anthropometrics (height and body mass) had on performance. Two-hundred and sixty-one elite male under-20 (n = 50) and senior (n = 211) players completed baseline Y Balance Test during the 2015/2016 season. One-way ANCOVA and post-hoc t-tests were used to investigate the effect playing position, player group, height and weight had on performance. The cohort was then stratified into groups (age group and/or playing position), and normative percentiles were presented. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in Y Balance Test performance between playing positions, when controlling for age group. This difference did not remain when controlling for player body mass. Post-hoc analysis demonstrated that backs had a longer normalised reach distance, with medium-large and small-medium effect sizes for the under-20 and senior cohorts respectively. The one-way ANCOVA analysis suggests that this difference is likely due to the larger differences in player body mass between forward and back playing positions. The normative values presented in this paper may be used by clinicians and researchers to aid injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies. 相似文献
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本文探讨中国手枪速射运动员身体稳定性与环值的相关性。采用专家访谈法、测试法、个案分析法等,通过比利时Footscan平板式压力测量系统测量速射运动员射击时重心晃动距离、晃动面积、射击环值等指标,并针对力学分析结果进行个案训练。研究发现:第一,技术动作方面,中国速射运动员在注重完整动作流畅基础上,要重视第一靶动作和节奏控制;重心压实左腿,有利于人枪结合,符合专项特征。第二,速射运动员随击发时间变短,晃动面积和晃动距离加大;环值与晃动面积存在低度相关,晃动面积受到晃动距离、左右腿重心位移的影响。第三,提高身体稳定性,有利于改善晃动面积,对击发准确性有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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运用标准的三维摄像DLT法测量和录像解析的方法,以参加全国第十届冬季运动会速度滑冰比赛前6名的 男运动员为研究对象,对其500米比赛起跑阶段下肢蹬冰技术进行运动学研究。旨在揭示运动员在起跑阶段下肢蹬 冰过程中蕴含的运动学规律,为丰富速度滑冰技术理论,为教学、训练和科研提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Josephine Grigg Eric Haakonssen Evelyne Rathbone Robin Orr Justin W. L. Keogh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(3):383-401
The aim of this study was to quantify the validity and intra-tester reliability of a novel method of kinematic measurement. The measurement target was the joint angles of an athlete performing a BMX Supercross (SX) gate start action through the first 1.2 s of movement in situ on a BMX SX ramp using a standard gate start procedure. The method employed GoPro® Hero 4 Silver (GoPro Inc., USA) cameras capturing data at 120 fps 720 p on a ‘normal’ lens setting. Kinovea 0.8.15 (Kinovea.org, France) was used for analysis. Tracking data was exported and angles computed in Matlab (Mathworks®, USA). The gold standard 3D method for joint angle measurement could not safely be employed in this environment, so a rigid angle was used. Validity was measured to be within 2°. Intra-tester reliability was measured by the same tester performing the analysis twice with an average of 55 days between analyses. Intra-tester reliability was high, with an absolute error <6° and <9 frames (0.075 s) across all angles and time points for key positions, respectively. The methodology is valid within 2° and reliable within 6° for the calculation of joint angles in the first ~1.25 s. 相似文献
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LivePod LP2检测人体运动中能量消耗水平的信、效度检验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
加速度传感器以其轻便、客观、精确等特点,在人体体力活动测量与评价中被广泛使用。LivePod LP2是一款国产新型加速度传感器,它基于3轴加速度MEMS传感器技术,采用人体动作智能模糊识别模型和个性化能耗模型测量人体运动中的能量消耗。对LivePodLP2在测量人体运动能量消耗的信度和效度水平进行了验证。26名受试者在4个不同部位佩戴LivePod LP2,在3种速度下(4km/h、6km/h、8km/h)运动。通过计算ICC,发现其值处于0.978～0.997;采用相关分析、配对样本t检验以及Bland-Altman分析法等方法对仪器和MAXII测量数据分析表明:LivePod LP2佩戴于右侧臀部上方,在慢跑速度水平下效度水平最高。LivePod LP2可以用于记录体力活动能量消耗,在日常应用中,用户可以选择将LivePod LP2固定于腰部来监测运动能量消耗情况。 相似文献
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Richard C. Blagrove Glyn Howatson Philip R. Hayes 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(10):1231-1240
This study aimed to quantify the intra-individual reliability of a number of physiological variables in a group of national and international young distance runners. Sixteen (8 male, 8 female) participants (16.7?±?1.4 years) performed a submaximal incremental running assessment followed by a maximal running test, on two occasions separated by no more than seven days. Maximal oxygen uptake (V?O2max), speed at V?O2max (km?h?1), running economy and speed and heart rate (HR) at fixed blood lactate concentrations were determined. V?O2max and running economy were scaled for differences in body mass using a power exponent derived from a larger cohort of young runners (n?=?42). Running economy was expressed as oxygen cost and energy cost at the speed associated with lactate turnpoint (LTP) and the two speeds prior to LTP. Results of analysis of variance revealed an absence of systematic bias between trials. Reliability indices showed a high level of reproducibility across all parameters (typical error [TE] ≤2%; intra-class correlation coefficient >0.8; effect size <0.6). Expressing running economy as energy cost appears to provide superior reliability than using oxygen cost (TE ～1.5% vs. ～2%). Blood lactate and HR were liable to daily fluctuations of 0.14–0.22?mmol?L?1 and 4–5?beats?min?1 respectively. The minimum detectable change values (95% confidence) for each parameter are also reported. Exercise physiologists can be confident that measurement of important physiological determinants of distance running performance are highly reproducible in elite junior runners. 相似文献
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人体动态稳定性理论及防跌倒扰动性训练进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着世界范围内老龄化社会问题的日益严重,以及一些有运动障碍的特殊群体的扩大,致使跌倒成为了一个严重的社会问题。人体动态稳定性理论是防跌倒研究的理论基础,目前已经取得了有价值的进展。人体动态稳定性理论不同于静态稳定性理论,后者给出的是人体质心位置与支撑面之间的相对位置关系,而前者增加了人体质心速度的因素,给出的是人体质心位置—速度状态与动态稳定区域之间的关系,可利用稳度来判定人体所处的稳定状态,甚至定量评价人体的动态稳定程度。影响跌倒的主要因素有二:稳度为负和支撑不力。在防跌倒的研究中进行适应性练习可显著地提高滑前稳度和滑后稳度,分别体现了前馈控制和反馈控制对人体动态稳定性的神经生理影响。 相似文献
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Alejandro Bastida Castillo Carlos D. Gómez Carmona Ernesto De la cruz sánchez José Pino Ortega 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):450-457
There is interest in the accuracy and inter-unit reliability of position-tracking systems to monitor players. Research into this technology, although relatively recent, has grown exponentially in the last years, and it is difficult to find professional team sport that does not use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology at least. The aim of this study is to know the accuracy of both GPS-based and Ultra Wide Band (UWB)-based systems on a soccer field and their inter- and intra-unit reliability. A secondary aim is to compare them for practical applications in sport science. Following institutional ethical approval and familiarization, 10 healthy and well-trained former soccer players (20?±?1.6 years, 1.76?±?0.08?cm, and 69.5?±?9.8?kg) performed three course tests: (i) linear course, (ii) circular course, and (iii) a zig–zag course, all using UWB and GPS technologies. The average speed and distance covered were compared with timing gates and the real distance as references. The UWB technology showed better accuracy (bias: 0.57–5.85%), test–retest reliability (%TEM: 1.19), and inter-unit reliability (bias: 0.18) in determining distance covered than the GPS technology (bias: 0.69–6.05%; %TEM: 1.47; bias: 0.25) overall. Also, UWB showed better results (bias: 0.09; ICC: 0.979; bias: 0.01) for mean velocity measurement than GPS (bias: 0.18; ICC: 0.951; bias: 0.03). 相似文献