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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(1):53-73
BackgroundIn recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This review summarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they are related to special diseases or physiological status. To further understand the effects of exercise interventions in treating or preventing diseases, it is important to establish a template for exercise interventions that can be used in future exercise-related studies.MethodsPubMed was used as the data resource for articles. To identify studies related to the effectiveness of exercise interventions for treating various diseases and organ functions in mice, we used the following search language: (exercise [Title] OR training [Title] OR physical activity [Title]) AND (mice [title/abstract] OR mouse [title/abstract] OR mus [title/abstract]). To limit the range of search results, we included 2 filters: one that limited publication dates to “in 10 years” and one that sorted the results as “best match”. Then we grouped the commonly used exercise methods according to their similarities and differences. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the exercise interventions for their impact on diseases and organ functions in 8 different systems.ResultsA total of 331 articles were included in the analysis procedure. The articles were then segmented into 8 systems for which the exercise interventions were used in targeting and treating disorders: motor system (60 studies), metabolic system (45 studies), cardio-cerebral vascular system (58 studies), nervous system (74 studies), immune system (32 studies), respiratory system (7 studies), digestive system (1 study), and the system related to the development of cancer (54 studies). The methods of exercise interventions mainly involved the use of treadmills, voluntary wheel-running, forced wheel-running, swimming, and resistance training. It was found that regardless of the specific exercise method used, most of them demonstrated positive effects on various systemic diseases and organ functions. Most diseases were remitted with exercise regardless of the exercise method used, although some diseases showed the best remission effects when a specific method was used.ConclusionOur review strongly suggests that exercise intervention is a cornerstone in disease prevention and treatment in mice. Because exercise interventions in humans typically focus on chronic diseases, national fitness, and body weight loss, and typically have low intervention compliance rates, it is important to use mice models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits from exercise interventions in humans. 相似文献
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“肠漏”指的是在外界应激、高脂膳食等作用下,肠道通透性发生改变,使得肠道内革兰氏阴性菌发生移位,产生一系列的免疫激活。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)是肠道革兰氏阴性菌的主要组成部分,也是内毒素的主要活性成分。应激能够损坏肠粘膜屏障,增加肠道通透性,从而使LPS移位进入血液,在血清中由LPS结合蛋白运输至单核细胞和巨噬细胞,再与Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor-4,TLR4)结合后激活机体的神经免疫系统,相关脑区免疫系统的激活可能导致抑郁行为的发生。TLR4信号通路过度激活是抑郁的触发因素之一。适度运动可以弱化“肠漏-免疫激活-抑郁性神经炎症”,缓解海马神经发生、神经营养因子的减少。运动对“肠漏-免疫激活”的调控是治疗抑郁行为的潜在靶点。对该机制的探讨、梳理,有助于正确理解“肠-脑”对话机制在抑郁行为发生中的作用,也为运动干预抑郁行为提供更多的研究思路。 相似文献
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Ruwen Wang Haili Tian Dandan Guo Qianqian Tian Ting Yao Xingxing Kong 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(3):211-227
Background:Exercise is considered as an important intervention for treatment and prevention of several diseases,such as osteoarthritis,obesity,hypertension,and Alzheimer's disease.This review summarizes decadal exercise intervention studies with various rat models across 6 major systems to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects that exercise brought.Methods:PubMed was utilized as the data source.To collect research articles,we used the following terms to create the search:(exercise[Title]OR physical activity[Title]OR training[Title])AND(rats[Title/Abstract]OR rat[Title/Abstract]OR rattus[Title/Abstract]).To best cover targeted studies,publication dates were limited to"within 11 years."The exercise intervention methods used for different diseases were sorted according to the mode,frequency,and intensity of exercise.Results:The collected articles were categorized into studies related to 6 systems or disease types:motor system(17 articles),metabolic system(110 articles),cardiocerebral vascular system(171 articles),nervous system(71 articles),urinary system(2 articles),and cancer(21 articles).Our review found that,for different diseases,exercise intervention mostly had a positive effect.However,the most powerful effect was achieved by using a specific mode of exercise that addressed the characteristics of the disease.Conclusion:As a model animal,rats not only provide a convenient resource for studying human diseases but also provide the possibility for exploring the molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention on diseases.This review also aims to provide exercise intervention frameworks and optimal exercise dose recommendations for further human exercise intervention research. 相似文献
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体育课程是中学实施素质教育的内容之一。《福建省体育试用课本》 (下简称《新教材》 ,对中学体育教学的目的、目标、教学和锻炼方法进行了全面、通俗地讲解与论述 ,使体育教学真正地与素质教育有机地接轨。本文通过问卷调查 ,对实施二年来教师、学生对《新教材》的认识与看法 ,进行了研究与探索 相似文献
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We examined the automatic activation of “sedentary” and “exerciser” stereotypes using a social prime Stroop task. Results showed significantly slower response times between the exercise words and the exercise control words and between the sedentary words and the exercise control words when preceded by an attractive exerciser prime. Words preceded by a normal-weight exerciser prime showed significantly slower response times for sedentary words over sedentary control words and exercise words. An overweight sedentary prime resulted in significantly slower response times for sedentary words over exercise words and exercise control words. These results highlight the need for increased awareness of how active and sedentary lifestyles are portrayed in the media. 相似文献
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Cecilie Th⊘gersen-Ntoumani Nikos Ntoumanis Nikitas Nikitaras 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1341-1350
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to examine typologies of non-exercisers based on reasons for physical inactivity and conditions reported to be necessary to change exercise behaviour. These typologies were then compared on psychological variables of interest and exercise history. Questionnaires were distributed to Greek older adults aged 60 and above who were recruited from social clubs and city cafés. Only individuals engaging in no regular exercise were recruited (n = 188). The results of hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed two clusters for males (“approachable” and “unconvinced”) and three for females (“unconcerned”, “approachable”, and “unconvinced”). The clusters differed significantly on psychological variables not used in the cluster solution. Exercise history distinguished between clusters only among males. The results reveal that physically inactive older adults are not a homogeneous group of individuals. Implementers of physical activity interventions should probably use a range of strategies that take into consideration that some sedentary older adults are more amenable to consider taking up exercise than others. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(3):403-414
ObjectiveSoccer match-play is typically contested over 90 min; however, in some cup and tournament scenarios, when matches are tied, they proceed to an additional 30 min, which is termed “extra-time” (ET). This systematic review sought to appraise the literature available on 120-min of soccer-specific exercise, with a view to identifying practical recommendations and future research opportunities.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Independent researchers performed a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO in May 2019, with the following keywords entered in various combinations: “soccer”, “football”, “extra-time”, “extra time”, “extratime”, “120 minutes”, “120 min”, “additional 30 minutes”, and “additional 30 min”.ResultsThe search yielded an initial 73 articles. Following the screening process, 11 articles were accepted for analyses. Articles were subsequently organized into the following 5 categories: movement demands of ET, performance responses to ET, physiological and neuromuscular response during ET, nutritional interventions, and recovery and ET. The results highlighted that during competitive match-play, players cover 5%–12% less distance relative to match duration (i.e., meters per minute) during ET compared to the preceding 90 min. Reductions in technical performance (i.e., shot speed, number of passes and dribbles) were also observed during ET. Additionally, carbohydrate provision may attenuate and improve dribbling performance during ET. Moreover, objective and subjective measures of recovery may be further compromised following ET when compared to 90 min.ConclusionAdditional investigations are warranted to further substantiate these findings and identify interventions to improve performance during ET. 相似文献
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采用实验法、问卷调查法等，对运动处方教学法和课内外一体化教学模式在改善大学生体能状况、调节身心及养成良好的体育习惯等方面进行了实验研究。结果显示：处方教学法及课内外一体化教学模式的综合运用有较强的科学性和较高的实效性，收到了较好的教学效果及锻炼效果，符合目前普通高校体育课程改革及学生要求。 相似文献
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在全国高校深入学习贯彻落实全国教育大会精神的时代背景下,提出构建普通高校“三全体育”课程体系,即建立供需平衡的“全方位”协同育人机制、打造四纵四横“全成员”课程管理体制、实施五位一体“全过程”教育教学路径。从增加课程修读学时和学分、完善课程学习过程考核和评价机制、明确课外体育跑距锻炼要求、实施运动俱乐部管理、创新课外课程载体路径等方面阐述了全方位、全成员、全过程的“三全体育”课程体系的具体实施路径,继而通过数据对比得出实施“三全体育”课程体系后的成效,并对完善普通高校“三全体育”课程体系提出建议。 相似文献
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Obesity prevention is a public health priority and intervention strategies have focused primarily on healthy eating and physical activity in children and adults. To date, no review has systematically compiled and synthesised the scientific evidence from published review articles to determine whether there is clear consensus on the causes of obesity. A systematic review of the literature was conducted searching PubMed/Medline for narrative and systematic review articles published between January 1990 and October 2014 that examined the causes of obesity. In total, 12 of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria; 7 reviews focused on adults (1 systematic, 6 narrative) and 5 reviews on children (2 systematic, 3 narrative). The most popular cause of obesity identified in reviews of adult studies was “combined physical activity and diet” (3 of 7 studies), whereas the most popular cause specified in reviews of child studies was deemed “inconclusive” (2 of 5 studies). While a number of reviews have examined the causes of obesity, the methodology and conclusions varied widely, and few were conducted systematically. Currently, no consensus exists across published literature reviews regarding the primary cause of the obesity epidemic, and more research, particularly prospective studies using state-of-the-art measures, is warranted. 相似文献
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“快易网球”教学提倡在教师的主导下以学生发展为中心,以多元化的教学手段提高学生课堂学习效率,让“乐于运动、享于运动”教学理念贯穿整个体育课堂,为我国实现全民健身作出应有的贡献。就应用价值而言;1)“快易网球”教学法在普通高校网球选修课教学中应用适应网球的教学与训练,丰富网球课的教学内容,提高网球课的教学质量,培养了学生团队合作意识和竞争意识,为网球后备人才的选拔创造条件;2)突出普通高校体育与健康的健身价值,体现学生主体地位,提升网球运动的健身效能;3)培养学生体育学习兴趣,引导学生对体育锻炼价值的认知,培养学生终身体育意识。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2023,12(4):491-500
BackgroundThere is scant evidence regarding the effects of exercise type and duration on quality of life (QoL) in digestive system cancer (DSC) survivors. We aim to investigate the optimal type and duration of exercise to improve QoL for DSC survivors through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed. Eligibility for study inclusion was limited to studies that were randomized controlled trials involving all kinds of exercise in adult patients with DSCs, and the comparator was in standard care or other types of exercise. The primary outcome was QoL, including general health, physical health, mental health, and role function. Secondary outcomes included cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and duration of hospital stay. The network meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model.ResultsThe analysis included 32 eligible articles and a total of 2558 participants. Our primary outcome indicated that short-term aerobic exercise significantly enhanced general health (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.66, 95% credible intervals (CrIs): 0.05 to 1.30), and also contributed to a better mental health (SMD = 0.38, 95%CrI: –0.05 to 0.81) and role function (SMD = 0.48, 95%CrI: –0.27 to 1.20). Although without significant changes, short-term resistance exercise tended to increase the physical health of patients with DSCs (SMD = 0.69, 95%CrI: –0.07 to 1.50) and effective in alleviating fatigue (SMD = –0.77, 95%CrI: –1.50 to 0.01). Short-term aerobic exercise was related to a lower score of insomnia (SMD = –1.20, 95%CrI: –2.40 to 0.06), depression (SMD = –0.51, 95%CrI: –1.50 to 0.45), and anxiety (SMD = –0.45, 95%CrI: –1.30 to 0.34). All types of exercise related to a trend of declined hospital stays (–0.87 to –5.00 day). Long-term resistance exercise, however, was negatively associated with general health (SMD = –0.33, 95%CrI: –1.70 to 1.00), physical health (SMD = –0.18, 95%CrI: –1.30 to 0.90), and role function (SMD = –1.20, 95%CrI: –2.50 to 0.11).ConclusionThis study suggests that short-term aerobic exercise, with or without resistance exercise programs, enhances QoL (especially for general health) as well as relieves cancer-related symptoms for DSC survivors, while long-term resistance exercise may have negative effects, and thus should be adopted cautiously. These results provide important evidence for the management of DSCs. 相似文献
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媒介技术与健身需求交互建构是5G时代"移动互联+全民健身"的生成机制,供需主体同向共变是其发展状态,多元要素系统融合是其演进趋势,并最终在实践中生成"数字化健身共同体"形态。直面5G时代"移动互联+全民健身"机遇与挑战,探索突围路径：完善体育科技伦理体系,以"人民性"作为衡量技术发展的标准;制定针对性政策法规,协调政策激励与过程监管;做好顶层设计,引导数字健身平台与体育实体产业协同发展;优化资源配置,引进社会力量与新型人才共建全民健身事业;持续推进科技创新,助力健康中国与体育强国建设。 相似文献
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Sanjay Joshi 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(9):1226-1241
This essay records a recent history of how dedicated and public-spirited lovers of a sport created a virtual community of cricket fans using what was then a new medium called the internet. The website “Cricinfo” was initially a product of this community. The essay then shows how commercial concerns came to override those of the virtual community, as Cricinfo was transformed from a community-based enterprise to a commercial entity. All of this happened at a time when the sport and the internet itself was being transformed by new technologies, and entrepreneurs were taking advantage of these changes to create new economic opportunities. The recent acquisition of Cricinfo by the media giant ESPN (itself owned by The Walt Disney Company) merely continues the trajectory outlined in this essay. 相似文献
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综述了第九届国际人体组成学研讨会中有关运动对人体组成影响的研究,为读者介绍在此领域里国内外的最新研究动态。依据研究对象的不同,将有关运动对人体组成影响的研究大致分为3个方面：运动对一般人群人体组成的影响、运动员的人体组成、运动对疾病患者人体组成的影响,并分别概述了有关研究内容。与其他国家的研究相比,国内研究虽然在数量上占优势（国内文章有22篇,其他国家11篇）,但在质量上要弱于其他国家,国内学者更多地采用生物电阻抗的方法,探讨运动单一因素和对人体组成影响,较少考虑到饮食、能量平衡等因素对人体组成的影响。对群体日常体力活动量与人体组成的影响研究中,量化体力活动量多采用加速度计,得到的结果与真实的日常体力活动量还有一定的差距。我们期待新技术和新方法的出现,以便为日常体力活动量与人体组成的量效关系研究带来便捷。 相似文献
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采用问卷调查等方法对高职院校女教职工体育锻炼现状进行了全面调查与分析。结果表明:72.8%高职院校女教职工对体育锻炼的态度是积极的,但在体育锻炼项目喜欢程度上存在差异;女教职工在余暇时间参加体育锻炼人数偏低,主要用于上网、看电视电影;参加体育锻炼频率不固定;锻炼项目偏,跑步和球类运动是女教工参与的主要项目;家庭、职称的压力是导致没有毅力坚持体育锻炼的首要因素。 相似文献
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目的：研究不同运动项目对老年妇女抑郁、焦虑的影响。方法：以乌鲁木齐市区有抑郁和焦虑症状倾向但无严重躯体疾病和严重精神疾患的老年女性为研究对象,根据研究对象个人情况研制针对性的登山运动、太极拳运动、民族舞蹈运动的运动处方并实施8周,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）分别对76名研究对象实施运动处方前后进行测评。结果：经过4周规律的运动后,研究对象的抑郁和焦虑情绪均有显著缓解,8周后改善更为明显。结论：长期中等强度的登山运动、太极拳运动和民族舞蹈运动均可有效改善老年妇女的抑郁和焦虑情绪;就运动项目而言,民族舞蹈运动在老年妇女抑郁情绪改善方面,更易产生心理裨益,太极拳运动在老年妇女焦虑情绪改善方面,更易产生心理裨益。 相似文献
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中国健康体育课程模式所强调的三个关键点之一“运动负荷”提出,每节体育课全班学生的平均心率需达到140~160次/分钟(beats per minute,bpm),旨在解决我国传统低强度体育课导致的学生身心健康水平持续下降。但个别学者仍对该强度存在疑问:认为140~160 bpm强度过高,不利于身心健康,超出160 bpm甚至危害生命。通过梳理体育领域教材、国内外学者以及健康推行机构对于运动强度等级的划分,分析国内外相关文献,界定了140~160 bpm所属运动强度,阐明了平均心率140~160 bpm对儿童身心健康的有益影响,以期为体育教学和课外体育活动提供理论和实践依据。 相似文献