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通过心理量表问卷调查与生理评定等方法,来跟踪研究和分析乒乓球运动员赛前运动焦虑的问题.结果发现:乒乓球运动员在不同比赛情境下焦虑曲线走势基本一致.认知焦虑产生早,并逐渐提高,到赛前1天达最高,躯体焦虑逐渐提高,到赛前1小时达最高,状态自信心随比赛临近逐渐降低,三者在不同情境下都具有显著性差异;随比赛临近身体主观反应与生理客观指标同步并对应提高的;个性特征是运动员竞赛焦虑强度的有效预测因子. 相似文献
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研究通过对参加2013年河南省青少年田径锦标赛暨河南省第十二届运动会青少年田径资格赛的运动员共975名,选择马腾斯编制的《竞赛状态焦虑问卷》(CSAI—2)来测量和研究青少年田径运动员竞赛状态焦虑。结果发现:1不同年龄的运动员在认知状焦虑、状态自信心上呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);在躯体状态焦虑上存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。2不同来源运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑两个维度上略高于传统学校运动员,但未见显著性差异(P>0.05);在状态自信心维度上,区县(直管县)运动员低于传统项目学校运动员,且存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。3不同参赛组别的运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);与状态自信心不存在差异(P>0.05)。4经常参加高水平比赛的运动员比偶尔或从未参加过比赛的运动员认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑水平低,在状态自信心上高于后者。5赛前适应比赛环境越好,运动员的认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑值就越低,状态自信心值就越高。反之,赛场比赛适应能力差,认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑值就越高,状态自信心也就越低。(6)有无观众对运动员的状态焦虑水平影响很大,越是比赛自信心强烈的运动员就越希望现场有很多观众来关注自己,从而激发自己比赛斗志和运动潜能,努力获得好成绩。 相似文献
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射击运动员赛前焦虑的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究的目的在于调查31名射击运动员赛前焦虑与性别、状态自信心及运动技能水平之间的关系。所有的被试要求在比赛前测试竞赛状态焦虑量表(简称CSAI-2)。结果表明，比赛发挥好的运动员表现出最低的认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑和最高的状态自信心；状态自信心是区分优秀射击运动员与一般射击运动员的良好指标，性别影响着运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑，射击运动员的最好成绩与高自信心和低焦虑水平相联系。 相似文献
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通过对中国优秀武术套路运动员关于竞赛状态焦虑的问题进行问卷和现场调研,结果表明：1）不同训练年限、不同运动等级的运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心上具有显著性差异;2）运动员得分与认知状态焦虑有显著负相关性、与状态自信心呈正相关、与躯体状态焦虑呈倒U关系;3）通过探索分析得出赛前预测运动成绩好坏的客观指标。以期为教练员在训练及比赛中高效处理优秀武术运动员的竞赛状态焦虑提供参考。 相似文献
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大学生运动员赛前焦虑与比赛成绩关系的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文调查研究表明：大学生运动员赛前焦虑水平与比赛成绩关系密切。认知焦虑、自信心与运动成绩是线性相关；躯体焦虑与运动成绩是“倒正”型关系。 相似文献
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我国高水平艺术体操运动员竞赛焦虑水平对比赛稳定性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过问卷调查和个案分析 ,研究艺术体操运动员焦虑水平对比赛稳定性的影响。结论认为 ,运动员焦虑水平对比赛的稳定性有不同程度的影响 ,低认知焦虑和高位状态自信心有助于比赛稳定性提高 ;运动员参加不同层次比赛 ,焦虑水平有显著差异 ;运动员自信心较认知焦虑和躯体焦虑对比赛有更大影响 相似文献
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Cristina Akiko Iizuka Welber Marinovic Afonso Antonio Machado Luiz Henrique Porto Vilani 《体育科研》2005,26(3):73-75
多维焦虑理论认为认知和躯体焦虑对运动成绩会产生不同的影响.根据这个理论,运动员在赛前具有较高的认知焦虑水平或躯体焦虑水平出现极端值(过高或过低)或自信心较低时,他们将取得较差的运动成绩.先前的研究还认为焦虑与运动成绩间的关系还取决于所要完成动作的特点.不同的运动技能有各自最佳的焦虑水平.总的来说,焦虑水平较高有利于完成体力消耗较大的运动项目.而焦虑水平较低时,则有利于完成精确类项目.就乒乓球项目而言,它既需要体力又需要精确性,因此,本研究调查分析了乒乓球运动员赛前焦虑水平与运动成绩间的关系.研究对象3 6名青少年乒乓球运动员,男、女运动员各1 8名,平均年龄为12.28±0.74岁.研究方法采用运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2C).让运动员在参加地区赛第一场比赛的赛前30分填写问卷.研究结果认知状态焦虑水平不能用来预测运动员的成绩.获胜运动员和失利运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑和自信心没有差异.这表明本研究没有支持多维焦虑理论的假设,或许是乒乓球运动的特点和运动员的个体差异比运动员的焦虑水平对运动成绩的影响更大.因此,如果运动员的个人特点与他们的技术风格相适应,不同焦虑水平的运动员都可能取得好成绩. 相似文献
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运用CSAI-2量表对优秀游泳运动员进行问卷调查,结果表明:1)性别、运动等级、训练年限都不是赛前状态焦虑的显著性变量;2)年龄变量在躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心维度上无显著性差异,但在认知状态焦虑维度上有显著性差异,15-20岁运动员的认知状态焦虑水平显著高于21-26岁运动员的认知状态焦虑水平。针对上述结论提出对策。 相似文献
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影响武术散打运动员赛前状态焦虑因素的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用心理测量问卷调查法、多因素方差分析、相关分析法、访谈法对参加2010年8月在陕西宝鸡举行散打冠军赛的120名运动员进行赛前状态焦虑分析。结果表明：（1）有大赛经验运动员在处理赛前状态焦虑方面要强于无大赛经验运动员。（2）武英级运动员认知焦虑与躯体焦虑均低于一级和二级运动员的这两项指标,并且状态自信心高于其它两个等级运动员的状态自信心。（3）武英级运动员与一级、二级运动员比较,在赛前状态焦虑的三个维度上均显示显著性差异;并且认知焦虑是影响武术散打比赛的一个主要焦虑。（4）赛前状态焦虑还与运动员的心理疲劳与运动损伤的影响因素、对手的水平差距、领导与教练员的影响因素等这些因素相关。 相似文献
11.
Stephen D. Mellalieu Richard Neil Sheldon Hanton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):263-270
The aim of this study was to examine whether self-confidence mediated the relationship between competitive anxiety intensity and direction. Elite (n = 102) and nonelite (n = 144) participants completed the self-confidence subscale of the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 and the worry and somatic subscales from the Sport Anxiety Scale. Consistent with procedures recommended by Baron and Kenny (1986), linear regression analyses were used. The findings for elite athletes revealed worry intensity to significantly predict self-confidence and worry direction. However, when self-confidence was controlled, worry intensity did not predict worry direction over that which was significantly predicted by self-confidence. Within the analysis for somatic symptoms, only self-confidence was found to predict somatic symptom direction. For the nonelite athletes, worry and somatic symptom intensity predicted both self-confidence and direction, and direction when self-confidence was controlled. The findings for the elite athletes suggest self-confidence mediates the relationship between performers' worry symptoms and subsequent directional interpretations. However, the findings suggest that high levels of self-confidence and low symptom intensity are needed for nonelite athletes to demonstrate a less debilitative interpretation. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine whether self-confidence mediated the relationship between competitive anxiety intensity and direction. Elite (n = 102) and nonelite (n = 144) participants completed the self-confidence subscale of the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 and the worry and somatic subscales from the Sport Anxiety Scale. Consistent with procedures recommended by Baron and Kenny (1986), linear regression analyses were used. The findings for elite athletes revealed worry intensity to significantly predict self-confidence and worry direction. However, when self-confidence was controlled, worry intensity did not predict worry direction over that which was significantly predicted by self-confidence. Within the analysis for somatic symptoms, only self-confidence was found to predict somatic symptom direction. For the nonelite athletes, worry and somatic symptom intensity predicted both self-confidence and direction, and direction when self-confidence was controlled. The findings for the elite athletes suggest self-confidence mediates the relationship between performers' worry symptoms and subsequent directional interpretations. However, the findings suggest that high levels of self-confidence and low symptom intensity are needed for nonelite athletes to demonstrate a less debilitative interpretation. 相似文献
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This study examined performers' retrospective explanations of the relationship between anxiety symptoms, self-confidence, and performance. Interviews were used to determine how the presence of symptoms and the accompanying directional interpretation affected performance in six elite and six subelite swimmers. Causal networks revealed that perceived control was the moderatingfactor in the directional interpretation of anxiety and not the experience of anxiety symptoms alone. Symptoms perceived to be under control were interpreted to have facilitative consequences for performance; however, symptoms not under control were viewed as debilitative. Increases or decreases in self-confidence wereperceived to improve or lower performance. Findings reveal how cognitive and somatic information was processed, what strategies were adopted, and how this series of events related to performance. 相似文献
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Abstract This study examined performers' retrospective explanations of the relationship between anxiety symptoms, self-confidence, and performance. Interviews were used to determine how the presence of symptoms and the accompanying directional interpretation affected performance in six elite and six subelite swimmers. Causal networks revealed that perceived control was the moderating factor in the directional interpretation of anxiety and not the experience of anxiety symptoms alone. Symptoms perceived to be under control were interpreted to have facilitative consequences for performance; however, symptoms not under control were viewed as debilitative. Increases or decreases in self-confidence were perceived to improve or lower performance. Findings reveal how cognitive and somatic information was processed, what strategies were adopted, and how this series of events related to performance. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine retrospective perceptions and causal beliefs about temporal experiences of competitive anxiety and related symptoms in the lead up to competition. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 9 elite performers to examine the interaction of intensity, frequency and direction of symptoms associated with competitive anxiety before competition. Data analysis identified six causal networks that supported theoretical predictions suggesting that intensity of cognitive anxiety symptoms remained relatively stable in the lead up to competition, whereas somatic anxiety peaked sharply at the onset of performance. Frequency of anxiety symptoms increased as the competition approached and changes in interpretation of anxiety symptoms were also reported, with self-confidence identified as a moderating variable. The findings highlight the dynamic properties of the stress response and emphasize the need to consider the idiosyncratic nature of the level, frequency and interpretation of performers' precompetitive experiences. 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、心理量表测量法,对参加第11届全国运动会武术套路比赛的87名运动员进行了竞赛状态焦虑调查分析。结果表明:武术套路运动员竞赛状态焦虑水平均与性别、运动等级、运动年限有关;文化程度因素、竞赛项目与竞赛状态无显著性差异;武术套路运动员成绩更多地受到认知状态焦虑的影响,呈现显著性差异中度相关,状态自信心与运动成绩表现出显著性差异。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine retrospective perceptions and causal beliefs about temporal experiences of competitive anxiety and related symptoms in the lead up to competition. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 9 elite performers to examine the interaction of intensity, frequency and direction of symptoms associated with competitive anxiety before competition. Data analysis identified six causal networks that supported theoretical predictions suggesting that intensity of cognitive anxiety symptoms remained relatively stable in the lead up to competition, whereas somatic anxiety peaked sharply at the onset of performance. Frequency of anxiety symptoms increased as the competition approached and changes in interpretation of anxiety symptoms were also reported, with self-confidence identified as a moderating variable. The findings highlight the dynamic properties of the stress response and emphasize the need to consider the idiosyncratic nature of the level, frequency and interpretation of performers' precompetitive experiences. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine the impact of emotions on athletic performance within the frameworks of the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model and the directional perception approach. Intensity, functional impact, and hedonic tone of trait and state anxiety, self-confidence, idiosyncratic emotions, and bodily symptoms were assessed in high-level Italian swimmers and track and field athletes (N = 56). Three standards of performance (poor, average, and good), derived from retrospective self-ratings across one to three competitions (a total of 90 observations), were used as independent variables in the analysis of variance of intensity, intra-individual, and direction scores of anxiety, self-confidence, idiosyncratic emotions, and bodily symptoms. Subsequently, intra-individual scores were categorized as near to or distant from optimal/dysfunctional zones and entered as the independent variable in the analysis of direction scores. The results provided support for the predictions stemming from both the IZOF model and the directional approach, as well as help in interpreting direction of anxiety and other idiosyncratic emotions within the IZOF framework. Athletes tended to perceive emotional levels approximating an individual's optimal zone as facilitative-pleasant, and emotional levels approximating an individual's dysfunctional zone as debilitative-unpleasant. 相似文献
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of achievement goal orientations and perceived motivational climate to perceptions of the intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety in a sample of university athletes representing various team sports. Although some studies have demonstrated that task orientation and mastery climate are associated with adaptive emotional patterns and ego orientation and performance climate are linked to less adaptive emotions, others have not verified these findings. In the present study, structural equation modeling was used to test these links. The results showed that perceptions of a performance climate were associated with ego orientation, whereas perceptions of a mastery climate were linked to task orientation. Furthermore, no significant links were found between task orientation and direction of competitive anxiety, while it was shown that the impact of ego orientation on the intensity and direction of cognitive and somatic anxiety was exerted through self-confidence. No significant direct links were found between motivational climates and competitive anxiety, thus implying that motivational climates may have an indirect impact on affective responses through the different goal orientations. The findings of the present study are discussed along with suggestions for examining situational and individual difference variables that may explain the relationships between intensity and direction of competitive anxiety and achievement goals and motivational climates. 相似文献