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运动焦虑与动机对运动成绩之影响的初步探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
焦虑、紧张与运动成绩密切相关。动因性紧张与活动性紧张．大脑的觉醒水平，运动页的激活水平也与运动成绩相关。艾克斯─—道德森定律描述了动机水平与运动成绩的一般关系。运动员、教练员在竞赛中对焦虑与动机的调节及控制有其专门的方策。 相似文献
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黑龙江省冬、夏两季项目运动员运动焦虑水平对比研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
运用心理测量法、问卷法和访谈法,对黑龙江省冬、夏两季项目运动员运动焦虑水平进行调查研究.结果表明:我省冬、夏两季运动员运动焦虑处于中等水平,但不均衡,冬季运动员低于夏季运动员;优秀运动员的运动焦虑水平与运动成绩有一定的内在关系;应降低运动员的焦虑水平,,以提高运动员比赛成绩. 相似文献
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Cristina Akiko Iizuka Welber Marinovic Afonso Antonio Machado Luiz Henrique Porto Vilani 《体育科研》2005,26(3):73-75
多维焦虑理论认为认知和躯体焦虑对运动成绩会产生不同的影响.根据这个理论,运动员在赛前具有较高的认知焦虑水平或躯体焦虑水平出现极端值(过高或过低)或自信心较低时,他们将取得较差的运动成绩.先前的研究还认为焦虑与运动成绩间的关系还取决于所要完成动作的特点.不同的运动技能有各自最佳的焦虑水平.总的来说,焦虑水平较高有利于完成体力消耗较大的运动项目.而焦虑水平较低时,则有利于完成精确类项目.就乒乓球项目而言,它既需要体力又需要精确性,因此,本研究调查分析了乒乓球运动员赛前焦虑水平与运动成绩间的关系.研究对象3 6名青少年乒乓球运动员,男、女运动员各1 8名,平均年龄为12.28±0.74岁.研究方法采用运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2C).让运动员在参加地区赛第一场比赛的赛前30分填写问卷.研究结果认知状态焦虑水平不能用来预测运动员的成绩.获胜运动员和失利运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑和自信心没有差异.这表明本研究没有支持多维焦虑理论的假设,或许是乒乓球运动的特点和运动员的个体差异比运动员的焦虑水平对运动成绩的影响更大.因此,如果运动员的个人特点与他们的技术风格相适应,不同焦虑水平的运动员都可能取得好成绩. 相似文献
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1 前言 焦虑是一种较为常见的消极情绪,运动员在比赛中常常受到不同程度的焦虑情绪的影响。所谓焦虑是对当前或预计到自尊心有潜在威胁的任何情景,具有一种担扰的反应倾向,而这种反映倾向一旦超过了镇静的限度,就会对运动成绩产生消极影响。 我国运动心理学界对运动员焦虑特质和焦虑状态及其之间的关系,以及两者和运动成绩之间关系 相似文献
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大学生运动员赛前状态焦虑强度与方向实验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
运动焦虑反应的强度和方向性的综合性研究是现代竞赛焦虑研究的流行领域。我国对竞赛焦虑的强度与任务特征，运动成绩之间关系的研究较多，对赛前焦虑的方向性研究则刚刚开始。该研究采用琼斯和斯万修订的CSAI－2量表，在赛前对大学生运动员进行测试。研究表明，不同学历，性别。年级的运动员赛前焦虑反应的强度和方向性存在差异；焦虑反应的方向性比强度能更好地预测运动成绩，在对运动焦虑的解释方面更有价值。 相似文献
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运动焦虑的产生及其与运动成绩的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文阐述了焦虑与运动成绩关系的理论假说,分析运动员焦虑产生的原因与特点,从而通过问卷或量表评估、生理变化评估以及行为表现评估对运动员的运动焦虑进行恰当的评价,以此在赛前、赛中及赛后对运动员的焦虑进行调节,使其焦虑水平达到最佳的水平。 相似文献
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本文对专业技术院校学员考试焦虑程度与运动技术水平的发挥及考试成绩的关系、射击成绩不同等级与考试焦虑水平的关系、射击考试前后焦虑水平的变化等问题进行了分析研究，并与优秀射击运动员进行了比较。 相似文献
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20世纪60年代,运动心理学家开始关注人格与竞赛成绩的关系,希望从人格上预测运动员的竞赛成绩并为选材提供有力依据。但是心理学家发现,用人格来预测竞赛成绩的方法存在不足,不能单一的用来预测运动员成绩。因此,从20世纪70代开始,运动心理学家开始转向研究动机以及竞赛焦虑对比赛成绩的影响。心理学家提出了一系列问题,但是相关的对于武术运动的研究较少。文章从人格、成就动机、焦虑等方面分析对武术运动成绩影响进程的研究。 相似文献
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运动焦虑的表现主要体现在训练与比赛过程中,以心理障碍、运动情绪低落、生理指标变化和行为失常等为主要特点。影响运动员运动焦虑的因素是多方面的,主要与个体技能水平、运动经验以及个体对自己运动能力的认知有关系。也有较强的特质相关性。个体、集体运动焦虑水平不同导致唤醒水平的不同,从而对绩效有影响。为克服焦虑对运动成绩的影响,在日常训练中,不仅要从技能上,更需要对运动员的心理进行教育、引导。 相似文献
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为探讨我国田径运动员的认知风格、竞赛焦虑特征与竞技水平发挥的关系,采用镶嵌图形测验和竞赛状态焦虑问卷的方法,对我国15个省、市优秀田径运动员93人进行调查。结果显示:①我国优秀田径运动员有场依存者和场独立者,个体差异情况较大;田径运动员认知状态焦虑低于田径常模、躯体状态焦虑显著低于常模,状态自信心显著高于常模,场独立运动员躯体状态焦虑显著高于场依存运动员,认知状态焦虑更低而状态自信心更高。②认知风格与认知状态焦虑显著负相关,与躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心正相关,认知风格是影响认知状态焦虑的一个主因素。③两种认知风格运动员与竞技水平发挥率负相关,场独立运动员竞技水平发挥率更高;竞技水平发挥高组的运动员认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑更低,状态自信心更高;竞技水平发挥高组与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑负相关,竞技水平发挥低组与认知状态焦虑负相关、与躯体状态焦虑正相关,两组运动员与状态自信心正相关;回归分析表明竞赛焦虑的三个维度均不能预测竞技水平发挥程度。 相似文献
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Wilson M Smith NC Chattington M Ford M Marple-Horvat DE 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(11):1223-1233
We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport. 相似文献
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Relationships between multidimensional competitive state anxiety and cognitive and motor subcomponents of performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examined the relationship between multidimensional competitive state anxiety and cognitive (i.e. digit span) and motor (i.e. perceptuo-motor speed) subcomponents of performance in an experimental group of hockey players during the period leading up to an important hockey match, and also in a control group of hockey players before a routine training session. Using a 'time-to-event' experimental paradigm, an increase in somatic anxiety 20 min before the hockey match was accompanied by improved perceptuo-motor speed performance. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that somatic anxiety was negatively related to digit span performance, whilst somatic anxiety and self-confidence were positively related to perceptuo-motor speed performance. These findings suggest that somatic anxiety may be an important source of performance variance. 相似文献
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我国女子撑竿跳高运动员赛前运动认知特质焦虑的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用运动心理测量方法、运动训练实践等方法对我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员赛前运动认知特质焦虑特点与运动成绩关系进行了调查研究。结果表明运动员的年龄、运动年限、运动成绩与运动员的赛前运动认知特质焦虑有着密切的关系。 相似文献
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Mark Wilson Nickolas C. Smith Mark Chattington Mike Ford Dilwyn E. Marple-Horvat 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1223-1233
Abstract We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport. 相似文献
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Until recently, the traditional Inverted-U hypothesis had been the primary model used by sport psychologists to describe the arousal-performance relationship. However, many sport psychology researchers have challenged this relationship, and the current trend is a shift toward a more "multidimensional" view of arousal-anxiety and its effects on performance. In the current study, 104 college-age participants performed a simple response time task while riding a bicycle ergometer. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight arousal groups (between 20 and 90% of heart rate reserve) and were told they were competing for a cash prize. Prior to the task, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) were administered to assess the influence of cognitive and somatic anxiety. As hypothesized, regression analysis revealed a significant quadratic trend for arousal and reaction time. This accounted for 13.2% of the variance, F change (1, 101) = 15.10, p < .001, in performance beyond that accounted for by the nonsignificant linear trend. As predicted by the Inverted-U hypothesis, optimal performance on the simple task was seen at 60 and 70% of maximum arousal. Furthermore, for the simple task used in this study, only somatic anxiety as measured by the SAS accounted for significant variance in performance beyond that accounted for by arousal alone. These findings support predictions of the Inverted-U hypothesis and raise doubts about the utility theories that rely on differentiation of cognitive and somatic anxiety to predict performance on simple tasks that are not cognitively loaded. 相似文献
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竞赛焦虑对操作表现的影响是运动心理学的重要研究领域,注意控制理论对二者关系从执行功能的角度进行了新的阐释,认为焦虑干扰执
行功能中的抑制功能。近年来,运动心理学对抑制功能探讨较多,对优势反应和任务无关刺激的抑制是抑制功能的2个重要成分,但以往研究大多
集中于抑制无关刺激,对优势反应抑制的探讨相对欠缺,而后者却是竞技场上运动员时常需要面对的问题。已有行为学研究发现,竞赛特质焦虑对
优势反应抑制功能有干扰效应,但其神经机理尚待探讨。本研究采用ERP技术探讨竞赛特质焦虑干扰优势反应抑制的神经基础,假设竞赛特质焦
虑干扰前脑区域（额区和中央区）优势反应抑制的神经准备过程。招募26名研究参与者,根据《赛前情绪量表32×6》测试得分,二分法划分竞赛特质
焦虑高分组和低分组。2组均完成代表优势反应抑制功能的反向眼跳任务,分析抑制“线索”出现前-100~0 ms时程的ERP成分,发现反向眼跳的准
备期在额区和中央区诱发出一负成分,竞赛特质焦虑高分组的波幅小于低分组。以上结果部分支持了假设,竞赛特质焦虑对优势反应抑制的神经
准备期有干扰效应,且主要由前脑区域控制,此结果为注意控制理论在竞赛焦虑领域的适用性提供了神经生理学的部分证据。 相似文献
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This study examined performers' retrospective explanations of the relationship between anxiety symptoms, self-confidence, and performance. Interviews were used to determine how the presence of symptoms and the accompanying directional interpretation affected performance in six elite and six subelite swimmers. Causal networks revealed that perceived control was the moderatingfactor in the directional interpretation of anxiety and not the experience of anxiety symptoms alone. Symptoms perceived to be under control were interpreted to have facilitative consequences for performance; however, symptoms not under control were viewed as debilitative. Increases or decreases in self-confidence wereperceived to improve or lower performance. Findings reveal how cognitive and somatic information was processed, what strategies were adopted, and how this series of events related to performance. 相似文献
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竞赛状态焦虑的强度和方向性及其与长跑成绩的相关研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文考察了竞赛状态焦虑的强度和方向性这两个维度及其与大学生长跑考试成绩之间的关系。研究结果表明：（１）竞赛状态焦虑的强度和方向性是两个独立的维度;（２）ＣＳＡＩ－２（复合版）问卷各分量表的强度和方向性的得分均与长跑成绩有显著意义的相关,但只有状态自信心的方向性是预测长跑成绩的重要因子。 相似文献