共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
竞赛自信及竞赛焦虑与注意指向:探点反应时实验的提示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据Ｓｐｉｅｌｂｅｒｇｅｒ＾「１」关于认知评价与焦虑反应关系的 临床心理关于威胁指向性注意的研究成果,研究假设,在内隐认知的层次上,将注意更多地指向威肋性信息,是低部赛特质自信和高竞赛特质焦虑的特点之一;将注意更多地指向积极性信息,是高竞赛特质自信和低竞赛特质焦虑的特点之一。对４０名运动员进行的探点反应时实验表明,高竞赛躯体焦虑运动员的主要注意特征表现为较少关注积极信息。注意指向未能有效地预测竞赛 相似文献
2.
采用专业眼动仪TX300,利用经典的反向眼跳范式对射击运动员和普通大学生组进行对比分析,通过分析2组被试反向眼跳的正确率和眼动
仪记录的各种数据指标,了解不同组被试对眼跳的自主控制能力,探讨个体自我调整抑制的强弱,期待为相关运动认知研究提供一定的参考和借
鉴。研究发现：（1）射击运动组的反向眼跳正确率和一次性到位率显著高于普通组,说明射击运动员能较好地抑制优势的、反射性的朝向眼跳,拥有
较强的认知抑制功能;（2）目标偏心距增加,被试的眼跳正确率提高,但一次性到位率却降低,眼跳潜伏期变小,眼跳视角和距离增加;（3）正确反向
眼跳中,运动组的眼跳潜伏期较长,速度峰值较低,而眼跳总幅度较少,这可能是运动组采用的是一种更为谨慎、稳妥的注意调控策略。错误反向眼
跳中,运动组的错误眼跳幅度较少,纠正眼跳距离和眼跳总幅度也比普通组要少,说明其错误纠正能力更好。 相似文献
3.
采用心理测量法，对我国28名少年优秀短道速度滑冰运动员和11名成年优秀短道速度滑冰运动员的运动认知特质焦虑和竞赛状态焦虑进行研究，结果表明：优秀成年短道速滑运动员的认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑都高于少年短道速滑运动员，但无显著差异；在性别的比较上，认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑无显著差异。在认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑的相关分析上，优秀成年短道速滑运动员的认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑呈负相关，无显著意义；而少年短道速滑运动员的认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑呈正相关，具有显著的意义。 相似文献
4.
《西安体育学院学报》2014,(1):90-95
应激-运动损伤理论认为人格特征对于运动员急性运动损伤的影响存在直接影响效应和调节效应,为验证该假设,研究采用《运动焦虑量表》对243名运动员的多维竞赛特质焦虑进行了测量,并对其过去1年内急性运动损伤的情况进行调查,最后主要采用二项Logistic回归分析,考察了运动员多维竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的影响效应。研究结果显示:担忧性竞赛特质焦虑、躯体化竞赛特质焦虑以及担忧性竞赛特质焦虑与消极生活应激的交互作用的OR值分别为1.782(P<0.05)、1.381(P<0.05)、1.091(P<0.05),表明运动员的躯体化竞赛特质焦虑对急性运动损伤的发生具有直接影响效应,而认知性竞赛特质焦虑既对急性运动损伤产生直接影响效应,又能调节消极生活应激对急性运动损伤的影响,起到调节变量的作用。 相似文献
5.
6.
苏州市射击运动员的特质焦虑和竞赛状态焦虑分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用状态-特质焦虑量表中的特质焦虑测试量表和竞赛状态焦虑量表-2,对参加2006年射击全国个人冠军赛的苏州市射击运动员在赛前进行测试。结果表明,被测对象为中等强度的特质焦虑水平;他们在竞赛焦虑状态的3个因子上不存在项目和性别差异,并且其之间也不存在差异;不同项目和性别上的特质焦虑和状态焦虑之间没有差异;运动员在特质焦虑和竞赛状态焦虑的3个因子之间的相关性均较高;不同特质焦虑水平组竞赛状态焦虑之间的差异不显著。 相似文献
7.
本研究采用美国活动心理学者马腾斯（R.Martons）编制的运动竞寡焦虑测验（SCAT）对参加2008年全国大学生武术锦标赛的59名运动员进行了调查研究。研究结果表明：武术套路运动员的赛前竞赛特质焦虑,在运动等级、性别上无显著差异,在运动成绩上有高度显著意义;因此,作为相当稳定的个性特征,竞赛特质焦虑可以作为武术套路运动员心理选材的一个有效指标。 相似文献
8.
本研究采用美国心理学家Spielberger状态—特质焦虑问卷(STAI)对参加首届云南省大学生田径运动会的中长跑运动员进行了调查研究.检验了其焦虑特质与焦虑状态的相关程度,并就大学生中长跑运动员焦虑水平在不同距离范围、竞赛规模、运动等级、性别以及文化程度方面进行了差异性分析. 相似文献
9.
10.
跆拳道运动员焦虑水平初探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以西安体育学院跆拳道队学生１１５名为研究对象，采用经我国修订的ＳＴＡＩ自我问卷量表，对运动员特质焦虑与状态焦虑进行测量，以了解跆拳道项目焦虑水平特征。测试结果表明，运动员特质与状态焦虑处于中等水平，状态焦虑高于特质焦虑，但两者之间无显著性差异。焦虑水平存在较大个体差异，随着运动水平的提高，状态焦虑个体差异呈继续增大趋势。前三名运动员状态焦虑水平低于一般运动员，说明适宜的焦虑水平，有利于比赛中保持理智的思维，对复杂变化的环境作出积极的应对反应。各轮次状态焦虑与特质焦虑的差值说明第一轮与进入争夺名次的场次，运动员情绪激活水平较高，比赛层次虽低但至为关键不可忽视 相似文献
11.
《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):184-201
The aim of this paper is to outline the development of Eysenck and Calvo's (1992) processing efficiency theory (PET) and to summarise research testing its predictions in the sporting domain. PET provides a mechanistic explanation for how anxiety may influence performance through its impact on attentional resources. The central tenet of PET is that as well as pre-empting resources in working memory, increased anxiety provides a motivational function, leading to the allocation of additional effort to attempt to maintain task performance. Research in sport settings has been supportive of the predictions of PET, adopting a range of measures of processing efficiency; including self-reported effort, secondary task performance and psychophysiological indices. Furthermore, cognitive sport psychologists have recently examined direct influences of anxiety on the efficiency of information processing via gaze behaviour analyses. These findings are particularly relevant in the light of a recent update and development of PET; attentional control theory (ACT; Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007). ACT purports that anxiety reduces attentional control by increasing the influence of the stimulus-driven attentional system at the cost of goal directed control. It is evident that ACT may provide a useful framework for examining the relationship between anxiety, attention and performance in sport skills. 相似文献
12.
我国女子撑竿跳高运动员赛前运动认知特质焦虑的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用运动心理测量方法、运动训练实践等方法对我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员赛前运动认知特质焦虑特点与运动成绩关系进行了调查研究。结果表明运动员的年龄、运动年限、运动成绩与运动员的赛前运动认知特质焦虑有着密切的关系。 相似文献
13.
Wilson M Smith NC Chattington M Ford M Marple-Horvat DE 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(11):1223-1233
We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport. 相似文献
14.
Mark Wilson Nickolas C. Smith Mark Chattington Mike Ford Dilwyn E. Marple-Horvat 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1223-1233
Abstract We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport. 相似文献
15.
A test of processing efficiency theory in a team sport context 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this study, we tested some key postulates of Eysenck and Calvo's processing efficiency theory in a team sport. The participants were 12 elite male volleyball players who were followed throughout the course of a competitive season. Self-report measures of pre-match and in-game cognitive anxiety and mental effort were collected in groups of players high and low in dispositional anxiety. Player performance was determined from the statistical analysis of match-play. Sets were classified according to the point spread separating the two teams into one of three levels of criticality. Game momentum was also analysed to determine its influence on in-game state anxiety. Significant differences in in-game cognitive anxiety were apparent between high and low trait anxiety groups. An interaction between anxiety grouping and momentum condition was also evident in cognitive anxiety. Differences in set criticality were reflected in significant elevations in mental effort, an effect more pronounced in dispositionally high anxious performers. Consistent with the predictions of processing efficiency theory, mental effort ratings were higher in high trait-anxious players in settings where their performance was equivalent to that of low trait-anxious performers. The usefulness of processing efficiency theory as an explanatory framework in sport anxiety research is discussed in the light of these findings. 相似文献
16.
Thirty-four youth competitive skiers (mean age = 13.74 years) completed measures of social evaluative concern and competitive anxiety. Consistent with past research, regression analyses showed that cognitive anxiety was related to performance-specific evaluative concerns. However, contrary to current conceptualizations of sport competition anxiety, somatic anxiety was correlated with concerns about evaluation of other non-performance aspects of ski racing. Competitive skiers were most concerned about parents' and friends' evaluations of their performance, and other competitors' and friends' evaluations of their skiing in general. These findings are discussed in relation to the theory and management of sport competition state anxiety. 相似文献
17.
Thirty-four youth competitive skiers (mean age = 13.74 years) completed measures of social evaluative concern and competitive anxiety. Consistent with past research, regression analyses showed that cognitive anxiety was related to performance-specific evaluative concerns. However, contrary to current conceptualizations of sport competition anxiety, somatic anxiety was correlated with concerns about evaluation of other non-performance aspects of ski racing. Competitive skiers were most concerned about parents' and friends' evaluations of their performance, and other competitors' and friends' evaluations of their skiing in general. These findings are discussed in relation to the theory and management of sport competition state anxiety. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts. Competitive anxiety was assessed continuously by heart rate monitoring and by retrospective self-report of nervousness in eight female national level gymnasts during their balance beam routine during one competition and two training sessions. A significant negative correlation was found between the score of the retrospective self-report of nervousness and performance during the routine. There were no significant differences in performance score by the judges between the three test sessions. There were also no differences in the retrospective self-report of nervousness. However, heart rate was significantly higher during the competition session than during the training sessions. The potential value of the retrospective report of nervousness for the study of critical events during gymnastic performance is illustrated. The results are discussed in the light of catastrophe theory. 相似文献
19.
Jorge Cottyn Dirk De Clercq Jean-Louis Pannier Geert Crombez Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):157-164
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts. Competitive anxiety was assessed continuously by heart rate monitoring and by retrospective self-report of nervousness in eight female national level gymnasts during their balance beam routine during one competition and two training sessions. A significant negative correlation was found between the score of the retrospective self-report of nervousness and performance during the routine. There were no significant differences in performance score by the judges between the three test sessions. There were also no differences in the retrospective self-report of nervousness. However, heart rate was significantly higher during the competition session than during the training sessions. The potential value of the retrospective report of nervousness for the study of critical events during gymnastic performance is illustrated. The results are discussed in the light of catastrophe theory. 相似文献