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1.
Prof. Dr. Daniel Memmert 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(1):38-49
In the last couple of years, we have seen a renaissance of creativity research which originates in neuroscience. From the perspective of human movement science, sport computer science, and sport psychology, this paper will introduce a research program for the investigation of creative behavior in complex, mostly ecologically valid situations in team sports. After a general and sport-specific definition, several experiments and studies based on the framework of Sternberg and Lubart (1991) will be described, which will link tactical creativity with visual attention (inattentional blindness, breadth of attention), expertise, motivation, and environmental factors. In this context, novel analysis tools will be developed and validated (game test situations, neural networks). The results will then be discussed in light of current psychological as well as human movement and computer scientific theories and models; furthermore, practical implications for sports and research perspectives will be offered. 相似文献
2.
目的:本研究对羽毛球运动经历与非注意盲表现之间的关系进行研究,探索羽毛球运动是否能够减少大学生非注意盲现象的发生。方法:研究选取符合要求的羽毛球专项大学生20名作为羽毛球专项组,非体育专业无规律运动习惯的普通大学生20名作为对照组,进行动态和静态非注意盲两项测试。结果:在静态非注意盲任务上,两组被试主任务正确率无显著差异,羽毛球专项大学生在关键试次中对新异刺激的觉察率(25%)与普通大学生(10%)相比无显著差异(P>0.05);在动态非注意盲任务上,两组被试主任务正确率无显著差异,羽毛球专项大学生在关键试次中对新异刺激的觉察率(30%)显著高于普通大学生(5%)(P<0.05)。结论:羽毛球运动经历能够在一定程度上减少动态非注意盲现象的产生,但无法减少静态非注意盲现象的产生。 相似文献
3.
One important factor for effective operations in team sports is the team tactical behaviour. Many suggestions about appropriate players' positions in different attack or defence situations have been made. The aims of this study were to develop a classification of offensive and defensive behaviours and to identify team-specific tactical patterns in international women's volleyball. Both the classification and identification of tactical patterns is done by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Clusters are formed on the basis of similarities in the players' positions on the court. Time continuous data of the movements, including the start and end points during a pass from the setter, are analysed. Results show team-specific patterns of defensive moves with assessment rates of up to 80%. Furthermore, the recognition of match situations illustrates a clear classification of attack and defence situations and even within different defence conditions (approximately 100%). Thus, this approach to team tactical analysis yields classifications of selected offensive and defensive strategies as well as an identification of tactical patterns of different national teams in standardized situations. The results lead us to question training concepts that assume a team-independent optimal strategy with respect to the players' positions in team sports. 相似文献
4.
探索不同赛制下比赛表现指标对比赛结果产生的影响,选取2018年俄罗斯世界杯59场、118组技战术表现和跑动表现指标作为自变量,比赛胜、负作为因变量。运用K型聚类分析,对比分均衡比赛进行界定。根据比赛控球率的不同对比赛表现指标进行标准化处理。运用数据级数推断法界定各自个变量增加2个标准差对比赛获胜概率带来的变化。研究结果:1)在所有比赛中,9项技战术表现指标(射门次数、射正次数、射正率、定位球射门次数、突破进入罚球区次数、控球率、传球成功率、解围成功次数和防守反击次数)和3项跑动表现指标(本方控球时跑动距离、进攻三区跑动距离和对方罚球区跑动距离)使比赛获胜概率显著提升。对方控球时跑动距离则使获胜概率显著下降;2)在比分均衡比赛中,5项技战术表现指标(射门率、定位球射门次数、控球率、传球成功率和解围成功次数)和3项跑动表现指标(本方控球时跑动距离、进攻三区跑动距离和对方罚球区跑动距离)使比赛获胜概率显著提升。而向前传球次数、低强度跑距离、中强度跑距离、对方控球时跑动距离4项比赛表现指标则使获胜概率显著下降。研究表明,FIFA世界杯获胜球队在立足于防守的基础上,以防守反击和定位球作为主要进攻和得分手段,表现出与联赛球队不同的比赛策略。因此,各级球队在备战时应根据赛制和对手实力情况作出针对性的战术部署。 相似文献
5.
珍珠球运动作为一项民族传统体育项目,具有技术和战术体系丰富、场地器材要求不高、易于开展等特点。研究结合桂西的地理环境和桂西高校体育教学设施滞后、体育课程单一的特点,将珍珠球运动引入桂西高校体育教学,对于促进体育教学改革、丰富学生课余生活以及弘扬民族传统体育文化具有积极意义。 相似文献
6.
Abstract One important factor for effective operations in team sports is the team tactical behaviour. Many suggestions about appropriate players' positions in different attack or defence situations have been made. The aims of this study were to develop a classification of offensive and defensive behaviours and to identify team-specific tactical patterns in international women's volleyball. Both the classification and identification of tactical patterns is done by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Clusters are formed on the basis of similarities in the players' positions on the court. Time continuous data of the movements, including the start and end points during a pass from the setter, are analysed. Results show team-specific patterns of defensive moves with assessment rates of up to 80%. Furthermore, the recognition of match situations illustrates a clear classification of attack and defence situations and even within different defence conditions (≈100%). Thus, this approach to team tactical analysis yields classifications of selected offensive and defensive strategies as well as an identification of tactical patterns of different national teams in standardized situations. The results lead us to question training concepts that assume a team-independent optimal strategy with respect to the players' positions in team sports. 相似文献
7.
包丽英 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(5):38-39
无论每项体育运动都需要运动员具备一定的技术水平和团队之间的战术配合,作为比较受欢迎的排球运动项目来说也是如此,如何对技战术进行训练以及采用何种模式来进行教学就变得尤为重要,本文将主要分析技战术训练模式的相关内容以及通过哪些方法来进行训练,以最大限度地提高排球运动的技术和战术水平。 相似文献
8.
In this study, we examined the influence of internal and external attention instructions on the performance of a pitch shot by golfers who were either highly skilled (mean handicap = 4) or low skilled (mean handicap = 26). Ten golfers in each skill group used a 9-iron to pitch a ball as close as possible to an orange pylon, which was located at distances of 10, 15, 20 or 25 m from the golfer. Focus of attention was manipulated within participants (counterbalanced across golfers). Under internal focus of attention instructions, the participants were told to concentrate on the form of the golf swing and to adjust the force of their swing depending on the distance of the shot. For the external focus of attention conditions, the participants were told to concentrate on hitting the ball as close to the target pylon as possible. The most intriguing finding was an interaction of skill with focus of attention instructions for variability in performance. Similar to the findings of Wulf and colleagues, the highly skilled golfers performed better with external attention instructions than with internal focus instructions. In contrast, the low-skill golfers performed better with the internal than with the external focus of attention instructions. These findings are discussed relative to theoretical issues in motor learning and practical issues for golf instruction. 相似文献
9.
The effects of non-specific and specific concepts on tactical creativity in team ball sports 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The main aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of various training approaches in team ball sports for the development of tactical creativity. Altogether, 135 children aged about 7 years took part in a 15-month field-based study. They participated either in non-specific treatment groups, a specific handball, soccer or field hockey group, or a control group. General and game-oriented tactical creativity were chosen as outcome measures. Our analysis of treatment-related effects showed that the non-specific groups displayed improvements in general creativity, whereas the specific groups showed improvements in the game-oriented creativity in which they were trained. Furthermore, clear transfer-related effects were observed. The analysis of group-related effects indicated no differences between the approaches. Only the soccer-specific group performed better in nearly all creative values. In conclusion, a non-specific concept appears to be a promising alternative to traditional specific treatments. This is further substantiated by several pedagogical, psychological, and medical arguments. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Previous research on laterality in sport suggests an over-representation of left-handers in interactive sports such as tennis and cricket. These findings potentially reflect left-handers' advantage over their right-handed competitors in those sports. Although considered crucial for successful performance, the tactical component of their superiority has yet to be analysed. Two studies were conducted to test for a side bias in tennis players' tactical preferences. In the first study, 108 right- and left-handed players of varying skill watched rallies on a computer screen and had to indicate where they would place the ball in the opposing half. The results showed the tactical preference of players to place more balls on a left-handed opponent's mostly stronger forehand side compared with when faced with a right-hander. In the second study, 54 professional tennis matches involving right- and left-handers were analysed with respect to ball placement frequencies on the opponent's backhand side. Significantly fewer balls were hit to the backhand side of a left-handed opponent, thus replicating the findings of Study 1 in on-court situations. Both studies indicate players' preference to place shots to their right irrespective of their opponent's handedness. Findings support the assumption that left-handers might enjoy a strategic advantage in tennis. 相似文献
11.
尺度空间层次聚类在足球球队技、战术能力分类中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对2004年欧洲杯足球赛16支球队的进球、射门、射门命中率、角球、控球、成功传球、抢断、被抢断、犯规、越位和失球等11项攻防技术指标进行主成分分析的基础上，确定球队技、战术能力聚类的综合指标，形成聚类样本。在此基础上，引入模拟人类视觉系统的尺度空间理论，提出了基于尺度层次空间聚类的球队分类方法，分类结果客观反映了2004年欧洲杯足球赛各队技、战术的综合实力，揭示了世界足球运动的发展趋势，并探索出一种分类球队技、战术水平的方法。 相似文献
12.
This study used a quasi-applied research model to identify and develop potentially talented female soccer players. Athletes aged 15–19 years with a background in team ball sports or athletics were targeted for recruitment using advertisements and promotions through various media. Interested athletes attended a 2-day programme of testing, which included assessment of anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes. A combination of factors was used in the final selection of 17 athletes to take part in a 12-month talent development programme. A pre-season programme of five training sessions per week was conducted for 2 months. This programme focused on enabling the players to acquire the necessary ball and game skills to perform competitively in a short time. The squad competed as a team in the reserve grade competition of an Australian state league. At the conclusion of the 25-game season, 10 players were selected for zone teams with two players progressing to state team selection within 6 months. The project demonstrates that it is possible to select potential female soccer players based on anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes.Selection procedures could be enhanced through the development of objective assessment tools that measure tactical and technical competence. Programmes such as this can offer an additional avenue of player recruitment in support of existing procedures. 相似文献
13.
This study used a quasi-applied research model to identify and develop potentially talented female soccer players. Athletes aged 15-19 years with a background in team ball sports or athletics were targeted for recruitment using advertisements and promotions through various media. Interested athletes attended a 2-day programme of testing, which included assessment of anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes. A combination of factors was used in the final selection of 17 athletes to take part in a 12-month talent development programme. A pre-season programme of five training sessions per week was conducted for 2 months. This programme focused on enabling the players to acquire the necessary ball and game skills to perform competitively in a short time. The squad competed as a team in the reserve grade competition of an Australian state league. At the conclusion of the 25-game season, 10 players were selected for zone teams with two players progressing to state team selection within 6 months. The project demonstrates that it is possible to select potential female soccer players based on anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes. Selection procedures could be enhanced through the development of objective assessment tools that measure tactical and technical competence. Programmes such as this can offer an additional avenue of player recruitment in support of existing procedures. 相似文献
14.
Abstract The main aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of various training approaches in team ball sports for the development of tactical creativity. Altogether, 135 children aged about 7 years took part in a 15-month field-based study. They participated either in non-specific treatment groups, a specific handball, soccer or field hockey group, or a control group. General and game-oriented tactical creativity were chosen as outcome measures. Our analysis of treatment-related effects showed that the non-specific groups displayed improvements in general creativity, whereas the specific groups showed improvements in the game-oriented creativity in which they were trained. Furthermore, clear transfer-related effects were observed. The analysis of group-related effects indicated no differences between the approaches. Only the soccer-specific group performed better in nearly all creative values. In conclusion, a non-specific concept appears to be a promising alternative to traditional specific treatments. This is further substantiated by several pedagogical, psychological, and medical arguments. 相似文献
15.
2013年世界女排大奖赛总决赛中、巴之战是2008年以来,中国女排第13次落败于巴西队,为什么总是遇巴而败,为什么一传到位率在举国体制下的中国仍旧成为战败的主要问题;为什么面对欧美高大进攻队员仍旧势单力薄,单人拦网率居高不下;为什么丰富全面的战术预案下,调整球永远是公诸于众的四号位强攻,通过比赛录像的分析统计,运用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析等方法,探秘中、巴怪圈,欲透过表象探析问题的本质,从根本上寻求切实有效的方式方法。作者认为,不论是差距的寻找,还是问题的解决,都需要从事物的根本性质进行分析,需要对主体内因进行剖析。排球运动的项目属性及根本特征才是决定战术打法、训练理念及比赛宗旨的根本,而主体的培养体制、训练环境,以及认知理念才是比赛结果的主要原因。 相似文献
16.
通过查阅大量相关文献,从体能训练学的角度研究,以篮球运动的体能特征为研究对象。重点对篮球运动员体能训练的含义和篮球运动项目的体能特征以及篮球运动员体能训练的基本特征进行了研究。研究表明：（1）重新学习体能训练以及对体能训练重要性的认识意义做一个全面的了解,以建立正确的观念。（2）创新思维,结合先进的技战术理念和体能训练的特征要求对篮球运动体能特征进行归纳与总结。（3）体能训练必须与篮球运动的特点和能量代谢的特点相结合。（4）体能训练必须重视疲劳与恢复。总之,体能是篮球运动的基础,是球队取得优异成绩和提高技术战术水平的关键因素之一。 相似文献
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18.
目的对世界前5名优秀羽毛球女子双打运动员在2019年世界羽毛球锦标赛1/4决赛、半决赛及决赛中的发接发技战术运用进行数据分析,旨在为羽毛球运动员的多元化发展方向提供思路。方法文献资料法、录像统计法、数理统计法等。结果发球大部分以反手发网前场1号区为主,并以前场5号区、后场4号区及6号区为辅助进行技战术相结合的发球方式;接发球过程中,女子双打运动员如遇到对手反手发网前球,接发球方则以推压、扑球为主,其次是抢搓、拨及挑球,如遇到对手发反手后场球,接发球方则以杀球为主,其次高远球、吊球与之配合使用。结论运动员在加强训练的同时,也要研究其他国家优秀组合的打法,做到科学训练,让技术全面发展、娴熟多变。 相似文献
19.
Fedie R Carlstedt K Willson JD Kernozek TW 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2010,9(3):165-177
Many sports associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury require athletes attend to a ball during participation. We investigated effects of attending to a ball on lower extremity mechanics during a side-cut maneuver and if these effects are consistent for males and females. Sagittal and frontal plane hip and knee kinematics and joint moments were measured during side-cut maneuvers in 19 male and 19 female National Collegiate Athletic Association division III basketball players. Participants also experienced two side-cut conditions that required attention to a ball. Our results did not indicate that the effect of attention varies with gender. However, during side-cut conditions while attending to a ball, internal knee adductor moment was 20% greater (p = 0.03) and peak knee flexion angle was 4 degrees larger (p < 0.01). Females demonstrated 5 degrees less hip flexion (p = 0.046), 12 degrees less knee flexion (p < 0.01), and 4 degrees more knee abduction (p = 0.026) at initial contact during all side-cut conditions than males. Attention to a ball may affect lower extremity mechanics relevant to ACL injury. The validity of laboratory studies of lower extremity mechanics for sports that include attention to a ball may be increased if participants are required to attend to a ball during the task. 相似文献
20.
通过对第12届欧洲杯决赛阶段16支队伍的进球、射门、射门命中率、角球、控球、成功传球、抢断、被抢断、犯规、越位和失球等11项攻防技术指标进行因子分析,揭示各球队特点,并引入E值综合评价方法,探索出一种合理评价球队技战术能力的方法。 相似文献