共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 173 毫秒
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马拉松运动是典型的以有氧代谢为主的周期性运动项目，本文以参加大运会香港女子马拉松运动员12人为研究对象。不同训练课训练手段为800m×6组最大速度训练，组间休息45s；18000m×3组专项速度耐力训练．组间休息8min；训练前后按规定时闰采指血测定血尿素和血乳酸含量。结果发现：两种不同训练手段训练后即刻至次日晨，血尿素及血乳酸水平均高于训练前安静值，表现出与训练手段的高度相关性和个体差异性。可见，用血尿素指标科学化监控马拉松耐力训练是可行的，用血乳酸指标科学监控马拉松速度耐力训练是可行的．用血尿素与血乳酸指标综合监控训练负荷和强度是科学的。 相似文献
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运动后乳酸清除率与运动能力的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
测定中跑运动员、足球运动员和常人在800m全力跑后的血乳酸浓度、乳酸清除率和心率恢复率，研究无氧运动能力与最高乳酸值、心率恢复率与乳酸清除率之间的关系。结果发现：运动员的无氧耐力成绩和运动后5min血乳酸值呈显著负相关；中跑运动员较足球运动员和常人有更强的产生乳酸能力和更高的乳酸清除率；心率的恢复速度较乳酸清除率更快。说明良好的产生乳酸能力是无氧耐力成绩的重要因素，良好的乳酸清除率有利于乳酸的清除和运动后的恢复，同时运动后的心率恢复率并不能反映体内乳酸的清除情况。 相似文献
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运用血乳酸浓度对吉林省优秀男子短道速滑运动员训练强度的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对吉林省优秀短道速滑运动员在年训练周期中血乳酸的监控，探讨其训练强度的合理性。采用检测运动员运动后即刻的血乳酸并以此反映运动强度的现场测试方法。结果显示，运动员在冰期速度耐力训练后即刻的血乳酸浓度偏高，非冰期速度耐力训练后的血乳酸浓度偏低；冰期一般耐力(有氧耐力)训练后的血乳酸偏高，非冰期有氧耐力训练后的血乳酸偏低。结论：在提高速度耐力的训练手段中，运动强度安排不合理，导致了运动员的速度耐力不足，调整训练强度是今后训练方法中的重点。 相似文献
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采用功率自行车或心率遥测仪对WCBA优秀女篮运动员进行测试,通过血乳酸和心率的变化对训练负荷进行监控和评价,为女篮运动员体能训练提供科技支撑。研究结果发现运动员功率自行车或训练中大强度训练血乳酸和脉搏呈现不稳定状态,持续一段时间后,运动员的专项体能明显下降,反应延迟,注意力分散,通过短暂调控,运动员恢复到较为理想的状态。研究结论:在WCBA运动队训练中,建议使用心率和血乳酸指标监控和评价WCBA的训练负荷。通过对WCBA运动员训练负荷(心率和血乳酸)的测定,可以反映训练负荷强度的大小,对运动员承受训练负荷的能力和训练后的状态进行综合评价,提高训练效果。训练中应根据心率和血乳酸指标变更训练计划,调整运动强度,防止疲劳的产生。运用心率和血乳酸指标加强科学化训练,提高WCBA女篮的训练质量和专项负荷能力。 相似文献
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篮球运动员需要的是一种无氧代谢为主的，建立在一般耐力基础上的专项速度耐力。因此在耐力训练中应采用重复次数多、密度大、间歇短的大强度和高速度的方法来提高神经过程的稳定性，增大肺活量，促进心血管系统功能。用极限（或次极限）强度进行无氧训练，使血乳酸堆积，达到高值，一组完成后，运动员要有精疲力尽感，以提高机体的耐酸力。发展乳酸性无氧耐力，负荷强度控制在本人的最大强度的85－95％，心率在160－18次／分之间。负荷时间控制在1－2分钟，间歇时间逐渐缩短，并且无氧与有氧训练要有机会结合。高水平运动员无氧训练比例要… 相似文献
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运动时体内代谢过程加快,代谢产物增加,内环境发生暂时的改变,从而使机体的一些指标和血液中的某些成分发生变化,例如:心率、血乳酸等。文章选择8名同学进行不同负荷跑,记录跑后即刻心率、血乳酸和运动成绩,了解不同负荷后的身体反应以及三者之间的关系。结果表明:大强度负荷后,不同项目中,血乳酸和心率并不呈同步变化趋势,心率指标的灵敏度较低,而血乳酸指标能够比较敏感地反应运动员承受不同负荷时身体机能的变化。 相似文献
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通过对高考体育类考生(高三年级)四名考生12周速度耐力的重复间歇性练习，应用科学的训练方法，来制定适合于不同个体、不同时期的最佳强度和量的组合，结合运动后立即以组(次)的间歇心率去检验每次间歇运动受训者生理机能状况。结果表明：科学的强度、负荷、间歇时间的制定，有效的提高了他们的乳酸(HL)无氧耐力的提高。 相似文献
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高中体育生3年分为三个阶段，每一学年为一阶段，高一整个学年是以基本核心素质和速度练习与克服自身重量等小力量练习为主要的基础阶段；高二阶段以强化各项身体素质的提高阶段，增加中等的力量负重能力和中等强度的速度耐力练习以及中等强度的跳跃为主要练习内容；高三阶段为突破阶段，提高专项成绩，迎接高三后半段的各类高水运动员测试以及体育四项的考试。三个阶段中训练方法不同，使用的营养补给品也不尽相同，这些变化都会使运动员的身体功能得到改善，运动成绩得到提高。 相似文献
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游泳运动员训练水平的评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
除非为每名运动员制定了适宜的练习速度和强度,否则一些运动员会在低负荷强度下练习,而另外一些运动员则在超负荷强度下练习。教练员的工作就是为运动员制定适宜的训练计划,包括正确使用有氧耐力、有氧力量、乳酸耐力和短距离快速游能力,这些都需要采用不同的练习强度,重复次数和间歇时间。短距离快速游能力是指运动员必须发挥出最大游速,它对肌纤维类型、肌肉中磷酸肌酸水平、肌酸激酶活性、最大肌肉力量和神经肌肉的募集形式都有要求。一名游泳运动员必须发展在比赛中达到最大游速的能力,并尽可能保持较长时间。要在游程中或游程的后半部… 相似文献
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Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
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Twelve endurance athletes and six power athletes performed fatiguing isokinetic knee flexions/extensions. Isokinetic torque was recorded during the exercise. Isometric torque, cortisol and lactate responses, electromyographic (EMG) mean power frequency, average rectified value, and conduction velocity were analysed before and after the isokinetic exercise to determine correlations between electrophysiological variables and mechanical performances and/or blood concentrations of biomarkers in the two groups of athletes. The EMG variables were estimated from signals recorded from the vastus lateralis in both voluntary and electrically elicited isometric contractions. Power athletes recorded higher values than endurance athletes for the following variables: pre-exercise isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), isokinetic MVC, rate of mechanical fatigue during isokinetic contractions, pre - post exercise variations and recovery times of conduction velocity and mean power frequency, and lactate concentrations. Moreover, conduction velocity overshooting was observed in endurance athletes during the recovery phase after exercise. The correlation analyses showed that the higher the rate of mechanical fatigue, the higher the lactate production and the reduction in conduction velocity due to the exercise. 相似文献
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目的:为进一步研究100m、400m和1500m三种不同全速跑后血乳酸和心率的变化,选取同一年级同一班共六名志愿者参与本实验。方法:分别记录六名受试者全速跑完100m、400m、1 500m运动前和运动后3min的血乳酸值和心率值。结果:两名受试者进行100m无氧运动后,血乳酸值和心率值均有所升高,但升高幅度较小,血乳酸值最高达7.6mmol/L,心率值最高达154b/min;四名受试者进行400m和1500m有氧运动后,血乳酸值和心率值升高幅度较大,血乳酸值最高达16.2mmol/L,心率值最高达192b/min。结论:人体内的血乳酸含量和心率大小随运动项目的负荷强度和运动持续时间的增加而增加,有氧运动前后血乳酸升高幅度明显高于无氧运动,而无氧运动前后心率升高幅度明显高于有氧运动。因此,可根据血乳酸值和心率值来评定人体运动的负荷强度。 相似文献
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短期高强度训练对优秀篮球运动员有氧耐力的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为了调查短期高强度训练对篮球运动员有氧耐力的影响 ,对 2 0名 (男、女各 10名 )优秀篮球运动员 ,进行跑台渐增负荷运动直到力竭为止。同时测定气体代谢最大吸氧量 (VO2max)、通气量 (VE)、血乳酸(BLa)、心率 (HR)、血睾酮 (T)、皮质醇 (Cor)及血红蛋白 (Hb)。结果为 :1)短期高强度训练期后男、女两组无氧阈 (AT)值与训练前相比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但VO2max却未有显著性差异 ;2 )短期高强度训练期后男、女两组Hb值与训练前相比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而T、Cor在训练期前后却未有显著性差异。其结果表明 ,短期高强度训练并不能提高VO2max,而AT却明显提高。提示可采用AT值作为反映篮球运动员有氧耐力的指标。 相似文献
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我国高水平武术运动员不同状态下的机能反应 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文研究1990年参加全国武术集训和参加全国武术赛及亚运热身赛的部分高水平运动员不同状态下的机能反应,目的为探讨经长时间武术训练后身体机能有何变化及各拳种训练时运动员的影响有何不同,为开展武术运动及科学训练提供依据。 相似文献
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有氧能力的高低是马拉松跑者能否取得优异成绩的关键。最大摄氧量、乳酸阈和跑步经济性是衡量运动员有氧能力和耐力运动表现的关键指标，也是长跑训练效果的核心考量。由于力量和耐力训练对机体产生不同的训练刺激，教练员和运动员很少将力量训练作为提升耐力运动表现的手段，以防止有氧能力受到负面影响。通过对大量文献梳理发现，力量训练可以在不影响机体最大摄氧量和乳酸阈值的前提下，通过改善神经肌肉功能、转换肌纤维类型以及增强肌肉肌腱刚度和利用弹性势能的能力，提高跑步经济性和无氧能力，改善运动员耐力运动表现。本文基于对力量、耐力训练的生理学适应的探讨，总结不同形式力量训练对耐力运动表现的影响与作用机制，并为马拉松选手科学安排力量训练提出建议，从而优化其耐力运动表现。 相似文献
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Conconi et al. (1982) reported that an observed deviation from linearity in the heart rate-running velocity relationship determined during a field test in runners coincided with the ‘lactate threshold’. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the original Conconi test using conventional incremental and constant-load laboratory protocols. Fourteen trained male distance runners (mean ± s : age 22.6 ±3.4 years; body mass 67.6±4.8 kg; peak [Vdot] O 2 66.3 ± 4.7 ml kg -1 min -1) performed a standard multi-stage test for determination of lactate turnpoint and a Conconi test on a motorized treadmill. A deviation from linearity in heart rate was observed in nine subjects. Significant differences were found to exist between running velocity at the lactate turnpoint (4.39 ± 0.20 ms -1) and at deviation from linear heart rate (5.08 ± 0.25 ms -1) (P < 0.01), and between heart rate at the lactate turnpoint (172 ± 10 beats min -1) and at deviation from linearity (186 ± 9 beats min -1) (P < 0.01). When deviation of heart rate from linearity was evident, it occurred at a systematically higher intensity than the lactate turnpoint and at approximately 95% of maximum heart rate. These results were confirmed by the physiological responses of seven subjects, who performed two constant-velocity treadmill runs at 0.14 ms -1 below the running velocity at the lactate turnpoint and that at which the heart rate deviated from linearity. For the lactate turnpoint trial, the prescribed 30 min exercise period was completed by all runners (terminal blood lactate concentration of 2.4 ± 0.5 mM ), while the duration attained in the trial for which heart rate deviated from linearity was 15.9 ± 6.7 min (terminal blood lactate concentration of 8.1 ± 1.8 mM). We concluded that the Conconi test is invalid for the non-invasive determination of the lactate turnpoint and that the deviation of heart rate from linearity represents the start of the plateau at maximal heart rate, the expression of which is dependent upon the specifics of the Conconi test protocol. 相似文献
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以福建师大和福建医科大学的10位男子长跑队员为研究对象,采用试验方法和先进的仪器,分别对业余运动员与高水平运动后不同时间内的血乳水平,以及他们运动后第4min心率进行比较,准确监测运动员的技能状态和训练水平,从而科学的制定训练计划,科学指导训练。 相似文献
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Field tests of speed and endurance may be used to evaluate the probability of success and to create efficient training strategies for sports. Currently, both invasive and non-invasive methods are used for this purpose. While invasive methods cause some discomfort to subjects, non-invasive methods may employ practices associated with the sport itself. One such method employs the linear relationship between exercise intensity or running speed and distance covered running at that speed represented on a semi-logarithmic scale. The separation of endurance runners into three different groups can be confirmed by different values for the slope coefficient (b) of this linear relation. According to findings among top Czechoslovak endurance runners, supplemented by the data of other authors, the values of coefficient b in middle-distance runners are in the range -2.166 to -1.700, in long-distance runners -1.520 to -1.050 and in marathon runners -0.836 to -0.436. Similarly, a separation of young endurance runners into groups of middle-distance and long-distance runners must be within the range -2.158 to -1.800 and for young long-distance runners -1.700 to -1.300. Based on these findings, the optimum competitive distance for adult athletes can be established in relation to current training status. In young athletes, it is possible to select gifted runners with predispositions for middle-distance and long-distance running. For both groups of athletes, more efficient training methods can be selected to optimize their predispositions for maximal performance. 相似文献