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1.
爆发力的力学分析和训练探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据生物力学、生理学原理,认为爆发力是机体在克服一定阻力的条件下,在极短的时间内发挥出最大的肌张力,是一种力量的加速度,用力的时间梯度加以评定更为合理;并对影响爆发力主导因素进行分析,提出爆发力训练的注意事项,为促进爆发力的训练提供参考依据. 相似文献
2.
发展爆发力的生理学机制及其训练方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
肌肉爆发力是田径运动员的重要力量素质。通过对发展爆发力的生理学机制的探讨，笔认为，“最大负荷 最快速度”的爆发力组合练习是发展肌肉爆发力的最佳方法。 相似文献
3.
本文主要分析交叉采用筋膜训练和功能训练对网球运动员上、下肢爆发力的影响。研究方法：选取30名网球运动员为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组15人。对照组按照功能训练计划进行,实验组在功能训练的基础上增加2-3个筋膜训练动作(每次训练1.5小时,每周3次,共12周)。30名运动员在训练前及训练后分别测试上、下肢爆发力,上肢爆发力采用药球掷远,下肢爆发力采用纵跳,最后对测试数据进行比较分析。研究结果：训练12周后,仅实验组运动员上、下肢爆发力比训练前有显著性差异(p<0.05),实验组上、下肢爆发力与对照组均有显著性差异(p<0.05)。结论：筋膜训练能明显地提高网球运动员的上、下肢爆发力,可作为功能训练手段的有效补充。建议：正确选择多种形式的筋膜训练方法,并进行长期的有规律的锻炼,以此达到更好效果。 相似文献
4.
跨栏跑是速度、速度力量与技术相结合的体能类项目，其爆发力是跨栏跑专项力量训练的核心。跨栏跑爆发力的训练必须严格遵守运动训练规律，以运动生理学基本原理为依据，与专项特点相结合。本文对跨栏跑运动员爆发力及训练方法进行研究，归纳总结出爆发力及训练水平影响因素、训练原则、训练方法与手段，及跨栏跑爆发力评价原理与方法。为跨栏跑运动员爆发力训练提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
对田径爆发力训练组合的研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
爆发力是田径项目的重要素质,发展爆发力的手段及其机制的研究越来越被教练员和科研人员所关注。爆发力不仅可以克服阻力,使物体产生位移,而且能使物体产生巨大的位移速度。爆发力及其训练组合练习在体育项目中比其它力量练习有着更加重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
随着近年来花样游泳比赛动作难度的不断增加,对运动员爆发力的要求也不断提高。本研究在距离全国花样游泳冠军赛6周时,为我国9名优秀花样游泳运动员制定赛前功能性体能训练计划,帮助运动员提高比赛所需要的爆发力。通过训练前后的爆发力测试,发现运动员的CMJ纵跳高度、坐瑞士球托举动作的最大爆发力、快速托举模拟动作的最大爆发力、连续模拟划水动作平均功率测试数据均有非常显著性增长（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
7.
运用文献资料法及调查分析法对举重爆发力训练中的若干重要的理论与实践应用的问题进行探讨与研究,文章阐明了举重爆发力训练的特点与方法,并对影响青少年举重运动员爆发力因素进行分析,提出举重运动员爆发力训练的注意事项,旨在为科学合理地制定发展举重爆发力的训练方法和手段提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
8.
针对当前少年田径运动员在基础训练阶段及在训练、比赛中所暴露出的力量训练问题,以及一些基层儿少教练员对爆发力及其训练的认识问题,采用文献资料分析法,对有关爆发力概念、训练方法进行分析、探讨,谈及科学、正确理解爆发力概念,并对少年田径运动员进行爆发力训练的方法手段提出训练建议。 相似文献
9.
人体爆发力是在克服较大阻力的条件下,在极短的时间内发挥出的肌肉张力,爆发力对于任何一个项目在选材上都是必不可少的.影响爆发力的因素很多,通过实验研究方法,比较与筛选短道速滑爆发力评价的指标,认为力量速度、跟腱的长短、30 m跑、立定跳远、身高与指尖距等因素与爆发力息息相关.提出器械负重、器械负重、克服自身阻力等短道速滑运动员爆发力训练的基本方法,同时应根据肌酸激酶的消除时间和科研人员的跟踪测试得出的规律,进行第二次的力量和爆发力训练的原则. 相似文献
10.
运用文献资料法、调查分析法,对举重运动中爆发力训练的特点及训练方法等进行分析,并指出爆发力训练应注意的问题,旨在为举重运动员科学合理地制定训练计划提供参考。 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this study was to compare reaction time (RT) and fractionated RT components (premotor and motor times) between normal and postcontraction conditions. Twelve participants performed 20 trials each of control and postcontraction RT conditions. For the control condition, participants executed a learned, rapid, knee-extension contraction response to an auditory stimulus. The postcontraction condition was identical to the control condition except that the participants performed a 3-s isometric contraction of the knee extensor muscles prior to an auditory stimulus. Muscle activity was recorded from the quadriceps muscle group. Results indicated that the postcontraction condition was significantly faster than the control condition for the average RT, premotor time, and motor time. It was concluded that reaction time, processing time, and muscle contraction time for a learned task could be significantly reduced following an isometric contraction. 相似文献
12.
对跆拳道运动员“感知觉”“反应和反应时”及心理特征的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
薛新轩 《武汉体育学院学报》2004,38(1):146-148
对跆拳道运动员的感知觉、反应和反应时及心理特征进行了分析,认为上述心理特征直接影响运动员技术学习的快慢、训练水平的高低和比赛发挥的好坏。 相似文献
13.
Shalaya Kipp Paolo Taboga Rodger Kram 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):152-165
Athletes in the 3,000 m steeplechase track and field event negotiate unmovable hurdles and waterjumps. Ground reaction forces (GRF) in the steeplechase were quantified to elucidate injury risks / mechanisms and to inform coaches. Five male and five female steeplechasers participated. GRF were measured during treadmill running, and using specially mounted force platforms, during hurdle and waterjump takeoffs and landings at 5.54 m/s (males) or 5.00 m/s (females). Results are presented as: male mean ± SD / female mean ± SD. Initial and active peaks of vertical GRF during treadmill running were 2.04 ± 0.72 / 2.25 ± 0.28 BW and 3.11 ± 0.27 / 2.98 ± 0.24 BW. Compared to treadmill running, peak vertical forces were greater (p < 0.001) for: hurdle takeoff (initial: 4.25 ± 0.86 / 3.78 ± 0.60 BW, active: 3.82 ± 0.20 / 3.74 ± 0.32 BW), hurdle landing (active: 4.41 ± 1.13 / 4.21 ± 0.21 BW), waterjump takeoff (initial: 4.32 ± 0.67 / 4.56 ± 0.54 BW, active: 4.00 ± 0.24 / 3.83 ± 0.31 BW), and waterjump landing (initial: 3.45 ± 0.34 / #3.78 ± 0.32 BW, active:5.40 ± 0.78 / #6.23 ± 0.74 BW); (#) indicates not statistically compared (n = 2). Based on horizontal impulse, athletes decelerated during takeoff steps and accelerated during landing steps of both hurdling and waterjumps. Vertical GRF peaks and video indicated rearfoot strikes on the treadmill but midfoot strikes during hurdle and waterjump landings. Potentially injurious GRF occur during the steeplechase, particularly during waterjump landings (up to 7.0 BW). 相似文献
14.
The simple auditory reaction time is one of the fastest reaction times and is thought to be rarely less than 100 ms. The current false start criterion in a sprint used by the International Association of Athletics Federations is based on this assumed auditory reaction time of 100 ms. However, there is evidence, both anecdotal and from reflex research, that simple auditory reaction times of less than 100 ms can be achieved. Reaction time in nine athletes performing sprint starts in four conditions was measured using starting blocks instrumented with piezoelectric force transducers in each footplate that were synchronized with the starting signal. Only three conditions were used to calculate reaction times. The pre-motor and pseudo-motor time for two athletes were also measured across 13 muscles using surface electromyography (EMG) synchronized with the rest of the system. Five of the athletes had mean reaction times of less than 100 ms in at least one condition and 20% of all starts in the first two conditions had a reaction time of less than 100 ms. The results demonstrate that the neuromuscular-physiological component of simple auditory reaction times can be under 85 ms and that EMG latencies can be under 60 ms. 相似文献
15.
Reaction forces experienced by gymnasts swinging on the high bar may be determined indirectly using inverse dynamics analysis
or may be measured using strain gauges. The accuracy of inverse dynamics analysis may be poor because of errors in the estimated
inertia parameters and in the accelerations obtained from digitized data. On the other hand the use of strain gauges is not
always possible in elite competition. This paper presents a method for estimating the reaction forces based on the linear
displacements of the bar.
The bar was modelled as a point mass attached to horizontal and vertical linear springs (obeying Hooke’s law) with stiffness
coefficients determined from static loading. The stiffness coefficients of the bar were determined with three different tensions
in the stabilizing cables of the high bar. A force and video analysis of backward giant circles was performed. Estimates for
the reaction forces were obtained by multiplying the bar displacements from the video analysis by the stiffness coefficients
determined from the static loadings. Comparisons were made between the estimated reaction forces and the reaction forces recorded
using strain gauges attached to the high bar.
Varying the tension in the stabilizing cables of the high bar did not effect the stiffness of the bar. Root mean squared differences
between estimated and recorded reaction forces were on average within 99 N for three ‘regular’ and three ‘accelerated’ giant
circles. This was less than 3.5% of the range of forces recorded. The bar displacement method was able to estimate the peak
reaction forces to within 7% on average, which compares favourably with 24% reported by Gervais (1993) using inverse dynamics. 相似文献
16.
运用运动学、动力学同步测试分析的方法,揭示了不同水平短跑运动员支撑过程中支撑反作用力和人体运动学参数的差异及其相互关系,以认识短跑途中跑技术和支撑反作用力的特征。 相似文献
17.
AbstractPush Hand is an advanced training technique for the Yang-style old frame 108 forms Tai Chi Chuan. It is performed by two practitioners. To clarify how people use forces during Push Hand training, it is important to review the ground reaction force (GRF). Here, we quantify the characteristics of the GRF during Push Hand training. Kinematic data and GRF data from 10 Tai Chi Chuan practitioners (29.9 ± 7.87 years) were synchronously recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system (200 frames · s?1) and three-dimensional force plates (1000 Hz). The resultant GRF for both feet for the 0%, 50% and 100% phases of attack and defence were compared to body weight using a paired-samples t-test. The differences in the resultant GRF between the 0%, 50% and 100% phases of attack and defence were tested by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The significance level was set to 0.05. The total resultant GRF was almost equal to the participant’s body weight in push hand. This result was consistent throughout the entire push hand process. Our results revealed that the GRF was comparable to the body weight, implying that practitioners do not push or resist their opponents during the push hand process. 相似文献
18.
Nathan W. Saunders Nicholas Hanson Panos Koutakis Ajit M. Chaudhari 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1042-1049
AbstractResearchers and clinicians have suggested that overuse injuries to the lower back and lower extremities of figure skaters may be associated with the repeated high impact forces sustained during jump landings. Our primary aim was to compare the vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) in freestyle figure skaters (n = 26) and non-skaters (n = 18) for the same barefoot single leg landing on a force plate from a 20 cm platform. Compared with non-skaters, skaters exhibited a significantly greater normalised peak GRF (3.50 ± 0.47 × body weight for skaters vs. 3.13 ± 0.45 × body weight for non-skaters), significantly shorter time to peak GRF (81.21 ± 14.01 ms for skaters vs. 93.81 ± 16.49 ms for non-skaters), and significantly longer time to stabilisation (TTS) of the GRF (2.38 ± 0.07 s for skaters vs. 2.22 ± 0.07 s for non-skaters). Skaters also confined their centre of pressure (CoP) to a significantly smaller mediolateral (M–L) (25%) and anterior–posterior (A–P) (40%) range during the landing phase, with the position of the CoP located in the mid to forefoot region. The narrower and more forward position of the CoP in skaters may at least partially explain the greater peak GRF, shorter time to peak, and longer TTS. Training and/or equipment modification serve as potential targets to decrease peak GRF by distributing it over a longer time period. More comprehensive studies including electromyography and motion capture are needed to fully characterise the unique figure skater landing strategy. 相似文献
19.
Race walking is an Olympic event where no visible loss of contact should occur and the knee must be straightened until midstance. The purpose of this study was to analyse ground reaction forces of world-class race walkers and associate them with key spatiotemporal variables. Nineteen athletes race walked along an indoor track and made contact with two force plates (1000 Hz) while being filmed using high-speed videography (100 Hz). Race walking speed was correlated with flight time (r = .46, p = .049) and flight distance (r = .69, p = .001). The knee's movement from hyperextension to flexion during late stance meant the vertical push-off force that followed midstance was smaller than the earlier loading peak (p < .001), resulting in a flattened profile. Athletes with narrower stride widths experienced reduced peak braking forces (r = .49, p = .046), peak propulsive forces (r = .54, p = .027), peak medial forces (r = .63, p = .007) and peak vertical push-off forces (r = .60, p = .011). Lower fluctuations in speed during stance were associated with higher stride frequencies (r = .69, p = .001), and highlighted the importance of avoiding too much braking in early stance. The flattened trajectory and consequential decrease in vertical propulsion might help the race walker avoid visible loss of contact (although non-visible flight times were useful in increasing stride length), while a narrow stride width was important in reducing peak forces in all three directions and could improve movement efficiency. 相似文献
20.
Fujihara T Gervais P 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):34-47
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a suspended aid on the reaction forces during a basic skill on pommel horse. Twenty gymnasts performed three sets of 10 circles with and without a suspended aid on a pommel horse under which two force plates were set. The results confirmed that the suspended aid could reduce the magnitude of the pommel reaction forces during circles while maintaining the general loading pattern. On the left hand, the average and peak forces were attenuated to 0.59 body weight (BW) and 0.85 BW from 0.76 BW and 1.13 BW, respectively. The right hand experienced slightly larger forces with no-aid trials, but the asymmetry between the hands decreased with the aid. Despite a relatively large variability, all gymnasts experienced smaller impact peak forces with the aid. A suspended aid is most commonly used for a beginner gymnast as an introduction to pommel horse exercises. However, this study confirmed that it can also be useful for all levels of gymnasts who would like to practice pommel horse exercises with reduced pommel reaction forces for a purpose such as a progression for learning a new skill, control of training volume, or rehabilitation. 相似文献