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运用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法,借鉴比较优势理论对美、中、俄三国在第28-30届奥运会上竞技项目的发展进行研究。结果表明：三国各等级项目群分布不尽相同且竞技实力均呈动态发展,我国传统优势项目广泛,男子项目结构单一,阴盛阳衰局面最为突出;各国相互制约项目与两两制约项目各异,反制约能力不一,女子竞争较男子更加激烈;我国比较优势项目群可持续发展空间狭小,比较潜优势项目群相对竞技实力不够。建议：强化“举国体制”,优化项目布局,加强男子竞技人才培养,全方位科技扶持,全面发展“119工程”项目及集体球类项目等。 相似文献
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以第25～29届奥运会各国田径运动项目奖牌数为依据,以比较优势理论为工具,分析奥运会田径运动强国的优势项目群动态变化.研究结果表明:(1)奥运会各田径运动强国有各自的优势项目群以及各优势项目群的比较优势程度不同.(2)与我国比较优势项目群重叠最多的国家是波兰,我国与其他国家重叠最少的项目群是竞走项目群.(3)在投掷项目群上,德国绝对优势指数一直处于下降态势,其他三国都处于波动状态.(4)中长跑项目群上埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚拥有绝对的竞技实力,我国要在奥运会上与这两国家争金夺银,必须通过合理的选材和科学的训练. 相似文献
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本文通过对2008年第29届奥运会体操比赛男子团体项目的观摩统计与调查研究,分析当前男子体操的发展现状与竞争格局,总结了我国男队成功经验,对于我国男子体操队继续保持团体项目的优势有积极现实意义。 相似文献
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以第25～29届奥运会各国获得的田径奖牌为研究对象,通过巴雷托分析法界定世界田径11强国的优势项目群,以绝对优势指数来判断各田径强国优势项目群的动态变化,最终分析30届奥运会世界田径运动强国的发展态势。 相似文献
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俄罗斯奥运各项目群体竞争格局研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过收集第24—28届奥运会上各国奥运会各项目成绩，依比较优势指数划分各国各等级项目群体，在分析俄罗斯与我国各等级项目群体制约与渗透情况基础上，研究俄罗斯各等级项目群体的国际竞技格局。研究表明，俄罗斯不同性别奥运竞技实力呈现出齐头并进的发展态势，该国比较优势项目群体竞技实力的增长伴随着其有效竞技空间的日益拓展，俄罗斯对我国各等级项目群体制约面广，渗透力强；与此相比，我国对俄罗斯各等级项目群体的制约与渗透显得较为苍白。对俄罗斯比较优势项目群体的制约，已由美国、德国为主导地位的国际竞技格局，转变为以中国、古巴和澳大利亚为主导。俄罗斯比较潜优势项目群体的发展受制于美国和澳大利亚竞技实力的发展。 相似文献
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通过对第23~28届奥运会中国田径运动员比赛的成绩进行统计比较,分析了我国田径的整体实力,研究结果显示:女子中长跑、女子竞走、女子投掷和男子跳跃四大类项目为我国奥运会田径传统优势项目,男子110m栏、女子链球和男子竞走等项目为奥运会田径新兴潜优势项目;田径整体水平不高的局面没有实质性改变,争金夺牌的项目偏少,优势项目成绩稳定性差,滑坡现象普遍存在,参赛能力有待提高,培养大量优秀的田径后备人才应作为我国田径运动长期发展的重中之重。 相似文献
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我国女子竞技体育优势项目群及其实力研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对女子优势项目各单项进行聚类分析,了解我国女子竞技体育优势项目群及其竞技实力的特点,为其它潜优势项目及弱势项目的发展提供借鉴依据。通过专家访谈法等对我国5届奥运会女子获奖大项进行分析,认为我国女子竞技体育优势大项是举重、乒乓球、射击、跆拳道、体操、田径、跳水、游泳8个大项,并形成了以技能主导类为项群的女子项目群优势。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
范明志 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(1):120-122
以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法. 相似文献