共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Cho JY Hwang DY Kang TS Shin DH Hwang JH Lim CH Lee SH Lim HJ Min SH Seo SJ Song YS Nam KT Lee KS Cho JS Kim YK 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(11):943-951
In its late stage, Alzheimer's disease results in progressive muscle weakness in the arms and legs. The aim of this study was to determine whether mice expressing the skeletal muscle-specific mutant PS2 gene (a model of Alzheimer's disease) are a useful experimental system to study the protective effect of exercise on A beta-42 reduction, improvement of behavioural function and changes in metabolic parameters. With this aim in mind, the transgenic mice were subjected to treadmill exercise for 3 months. The results showed that in transgenic mice, but not in normal mice, treadmill exercise resulted in a reduction of A beta-42 deposits and an improvement in behavioural function, thereby restoring normal concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Thus, exercise may represent a practical therapeutic strategy for use with human patients with Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
2.
不同运动强度对高脂血症小鼠血脂的调节作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的:研究不同运动强度对高脂血症小鼠血脂反应及代谢的影响,阐明运动对高脂血症小鼠提供非药物治疗的一种方便可行的调节机制.方法:通过小鼠建模对照实验,随机分为正常对照组、洛伐他汀治疗组、高脂模型组及跑步干预组4组对照.对跑步干预组又进行高、中、低3种强度的跑步运动,21天后测定血清、肝的胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),得到数据并分析.结果:跑步干预21天后,高脂模型组的小鼠的血清、肝脏的TC、TG水平均高于跑步干预的3组和洛伐他汀治疗组;高强度跑步干预组各项指标与洛伐他汀治疗组相近且接近正常对照组.结论:跑步运动在高强度情况下对降脂有明显效果,与洛伐他汀治疗组相比无显著性差异;中、低强度情况下效果不明显,因此,高强度的运动能有效地预防及治疗高脂血症. 相似文献
3.
神经退行性疾病是一种以中枢神经系统或外周神经系统神经元结构和功能丧失为特征的神经系统疾病。线粒体功能障碍是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病等多种常见神经退行性疾病的早期病理特征。大量研究表明运动可明显改善神经退行性病变症状,然而其调节机制目前还不清楚。鉴于运动是促进线粒体合成、活性与功能的重要调节因素,并且线粒体功能变化在神经退行性病变中发挥重要作用。主要从线粒体角度阐述运动对神经退行性疾病的影响及可能机制,包括线粒体生物合成、线粒体ROS和氧化应激、线粒体动力学、线粒体质量控制,为运动防治神经退行性疾病提供理论支持。 相似文献
4.
Biochemical markers of inflammation are emerging as new predictors of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may alter acutely with exercise. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of walking on these markers or whether different walking intensities elicit varied effects. As there is growing interest in modifiable lifestyle factors such as walking to reduce CVD risk, these inflammatory responses warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of walking at 50% versus 70% of predicted maximal heart rate on C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma fibrinogen, and triglycerides in sedentary post-menopausal women. Twelve post-menopausal women (mean age 58 years, s +/-6; stature 1.62 m, s+/-0.06; body mass 66.8 kg, s +/-6.2) completed two 30-min treadmill walks in a randomized cross-over design. Fasted blood samples were taken (for the determination of plasma fibrinogen, CRP, and lipids) before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after exercise. Triglyceride concentrations decreased from pre-exercise to 24 h post exercise at both walking intensities (time x group interaction, P < 0.05). No significant effects were observed for plasma fibrinogen, CRP, total cholesterol, low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (time x group interaction, P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fasting plasma triglycerides are decreased on the morning after 30 min of brisk walking at either 50% or 70% of maximal heart rate (moderate and vigorous intensity). 相似文献
5.
Karianne Backx Adrian McCann David Wasley Gareth Dunseath Steve Luzio David Owens 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):579-586
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of either a standard care programme (n?=?9) or a 12-week supported exercise programme (n?=?10) on glycaemic control, β-cell responsiveness, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients. The standard care programme consisted of advice to exercise at moderate to high intensity for 30?min five times a week; the supported exercise programme consisted of three 60-min supported plus two unsupported exercise sessions per week. Between-group analyses demonstrated a difference for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol only (standard care programme 0.01 mmol?·?L?1, supported exercise programme –0.6 mmol?·?L?1; P?=?0.04). Following the standard care programme, within-group analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in waist circumference, whereas following the supported exercise programme there were reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin (6.4 vs. 6.0%; P?=?0.007), waist circumference (101.4 vs. 97.2?cm; P?=?0.021), body mass (91.7 vs. 87.9?kg; P?=?0.007), body mass index (30.0 vs. 28.7?kg?·?m?2; P?=?0.006), total cholesterol (5.3 vs. 4.6 mmol?·?L?1; P?=?0.046), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2 vs. 2.6 mmol?·?L?1; P?=?0.028), fasting β-cell responsiveness (11.5?×?10?9 vs. 7.0?×?10?9 pmol?·?kg?1?·?min?1; P?=?0.009), and insulin resistance (3.0 vs. 2.1; P?=?0.049). The supported exercise programme improved glycaemic control through enhanced β-cell function associated with decreased insulin resistance and improved lipid profile. This research highlights the need for research into unsupported and supported exercise programmes to establish more comprehensive lifestyle advice for Type 2 diabetes patients. 相似文献
6.
目的:研究耐力性跑台运动对AMPKα2 3种不同基因型鼠骨骼肌p38、pp38和P-MEF2A蛋白表达的影响,以探讨运动激活MEF2的具体机制。方法:AMPKα2 3种不同基因型鼠各20只,分别分成安静对照组和耐力训练组,每组10只。安静组小鼠不施加任何运动负荷,耐力训练组小鼠进行速度为12m/min,每天1h,每周6天,持续4周的跑台运动。Western blot法测定骨骼肌p38、pp38和核内P-MEF2A蛋白表达。结果:1)4周耐力训练后,AMPKα2 3种基因型鼠pp38蛋白表达均显著提高,并且AMPKα2转基因鼠与野生鼠相比,p38和pp38蛋白表达明显增加,而AMPKα2敲除鼠pp38表达虽然低于野生鼠,但没有显著性差异;2)耐力训练组与安静组相比,AMPKα2 3种基因型鼠骨骼肌核内P-MEF2A蛋白表达均显著增加,并且AMPKα2转基因鼠与野生鼠相比,核内P-MEF2A表达显著增加,而AMPKα2敲除鼠P-MEF2A与野生鼠相比没有显著性差异;3)42只小鼠骨骼肌内pp38与核内P-MEF2A表达量呈显著正相关(R=0.69,P<0.05)。结论:4周耐力训练对AMPKα2 3种不同基因型鼠骨骼肌内p38蛋白表达影响不大,但可以显著促进p38和MEF2A的激活。AMPKα2可能不是惟一激活p38和MEF2A的途径,耐力训练可能通过pp38激活MEF2A。 相似文献
7.
Jillian Davis Marie Murphy Tom Trinick Ellie Duly Alan Nevill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):303-309
Abstract Biochemical markers of inflammation are emerging as new predictors of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may alter acutely with exercise. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of walking on these markers or whether different walking intensities elicit varied effects. As there is growing interest in modifiable lifestyle factors such as walking to reduce CVD risk, these inflammatory responses warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of walking at 50% versus 70% of predicted maximal heart rate on C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma fibrinogen, and trigylcerides in sedentary post-menopausal women. Twelve post-menopausal women (mean age 58 years, s ± 6; stature 1.62 m, s ± 0.06; body mass 66.8 kg, s ± 6.2) completed two 30-min treadmill walks in a randomized cross-over design. Fasted blood samples were taken (for the determination of plasma fibrinogen, CRP, and lipids) before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after exercise. Triglyceride concentrations decreased from pre-exercise to 24 h post exercise at both walking intensities (time×group interaction, P < 0.05). No significant effects were observed for plasma fibrinogen, CRP, total cholesterol, low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (time x group interaction, P > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fasting plasma triglycerides are decreased on the morning after 30 min of brisk walking at either 50% or 70% of maximal heart rate (moderate and vigorous intensity). 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨8周跑台运动对db/dbT2DM小鼠认知功能的影响及其分子机制。方法:24只8周龄db/dbT2DM小鼠和8只同龄对照m/m小鼠,将db/db小鼠随机分为:模型组(db/db)、运动干预组(db+Exe)、运动联合p38抑制剂组(db+Exe+SB203580)。db+Exe组进行8周跑台训练,db+Exe+SB203580组进行8周跑台运动联合SB203580抑制剂灌胃处理(5mg/kg,3d/W,8W)。每周定时检测小鼠的体重和空腹血糖;干预结束后,取全脑及海马组织,免疫组织化学染色观察海马不同区域的神经元损伤状态;Western Blot检测海马组织中AD样病理、神经炎症、突触可塑性、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)/Ⅲ型纤连蛋白组件包含蛋白5(FNDC5)、Akt激酶等蛋白的表达。结果显示:(1)跑台运动可明显改善db/db小鼠的认知功能障碍。(2)减轻db/db小鼠的海马神经元损伤。(3)降低海马内AD样病理、神经炎症蛋白的表达,增加突触蛋白的表达水平。(4)通过p38信号上调PGC-1α/FNDC5的表达。(5)跑台运动可激活Akt激酶,而p38抑制剂可降低跑台运动对Akt激酶的激活作用。结论:8周跑台运动可明显改善db/db小鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能是通过p38上调PGC-1α/FNDC5,激活Akt激酶,减弱AD病理进程,降低炎性反应,增加突触可塑性,改善其空间学习记忆能力。 相似文献
9.
张晓英 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(5):86-87
本文运用文献资料法、实验法对从事太极拳锻炼的老年人血脂含量进行测定,探讨太极拳对老年人健身作用的生理机制。结果表明：经过长时间太极拳锻炼的老年人整体血脂状况均有所改善,且效果明显。通过锻炼,老年人高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的水平升高,达到预防动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的效果等作用。 相似文献
10.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):394-404
Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old. Several lifestyle factors may increase, or reduce, an individual's risk of developing AD. Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity. Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity. The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago. In this review, we discuss the role of exercise (aerobic and resistance) training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies. We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis and release of neurotrophins, and improvements in cerebral blood flow. Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide. Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations. 相似文献
11.
低氧条件下耐力运动对大鼠血脂代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验选取雄性SD健康大鼠40只,随机分为4组,即常氧安静组、常氧运动组、低氧安静组、低氧运动组。常氧运动组每天在常氧动物跑台上以25 m/min、60 min/d、6 d/w运动;低氧运动组每天在相当于海拔2 500 m低氧动物跑台上以20 m/min、60 min/d、6 d/w运动,其余时间在低氧环境下居住。实验4 w之后采样测试指标,低氧运动组与常氧运动组比较,血甘油三酯浓度、血浆总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降幅度和高密度脂蛋白上升幅度、血清脂蛋白脂肪酶和骨骼肌脂蛋白脂肪酶的活性提高都更明显,提示低氧运动改善血脂代谢状态比常氧运动更为有效,更有利于外周组织胆固醇的清除,对防治动脉粥样硬化也更为有效。 相似文献
12.
13.
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of either a standard care programme (n = 9) or a 12-week supported exercise programme (n = 10) on glycaemic control, β-cell responsiveness, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients. The standard care programme consisted of advice to exercise at moderate to high intensity for 30 min five times a week; the supported exercise programme consisted of three 60-min supported plus two unsupported exercise sessions per week. Between-group analyses demonstrated a difference for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol only (standard care programme 0.01 mmol · L(-1), supported exercise programme -0.6 mmol · L(-1); P = 0.04). Following the standard care programme, within-group analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in waist circumference, whereas following the supported exercise programme there were reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin (6.4 vs. 6.0%; P = 0.007), waist circumference (101.4 vs. 97.2 cm; P = 0.021), body mass (91.7 vs. 87.9 kg; P = 0.007), body mass index (30.0 vs. 28.7 kg · m(-2); P = 0.006), total cholesterol (5.3 vs. 4.6 mmol · L(-1); P = 0.046), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2 vs. 2.6 mmol · L(-1); P = 0.028), fasting β-cell responsiveness (11.5 × 10(-9) vs. 7.0 × 10(-9) pmol · kg(-1) · min(-1); P = 0.009), and insulin resistance (3.0 vs. 2.1; P = 0.049). The supported exercise programme improved glycaemic control through enhanced β-cell function associated with decreased insulin resistance and improved lipid profile. This research highlights the need for research into unsupported and supported exercise programmes to establish more comprehensive lifestyle advice for Type 2 diabetes patients. 相似文献
14.
Michael F. Almeida Carolliny M. Silva Rodrigo S. Chaves Nathan C. R. Lima Renato S. Almeida Karla P. Melo 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1363-1370
Moderate physical exercise acts at molecular and behavioural levels, such as interfering in neuroplasticity, cell death, neurogenesis, cognition and motor functions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the cellular effects of moderate treadmill running upon substantia nigra during early neurodegeneration. Aged male Lewis rats (9-month-old) were exposed to rotenone 1mg/kg/day (8 weeks) and 6 weeks of moderate treadmill running, beginning 4 weeks after rotenone exposure. Substantia nigra was extracted and submitted to proteasome and antioxidant enzymes activities, hydrogen peroxide levels and Western blot to evaluate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), alpha-synuclein, Tom-20, PINK1, TrkB, SLP1, CRMP-2, Rab-27b, LC3II and Beclin-1 level. It was demonstrated that moderate treadmill running, practiced during early neurodegeneration, prevented the increase of alpha-synuclein and maintained the levels of TH unaltered in substantia nigra of aged rats. Physical exercise also stimulated autophagy and prevented impairment of mitophagy, but decreased proteasome activity in rotenone-exposed aged rats. Physical activity also prevented H2O2 increase during early neurodegeneration, although the involved mechanism remains to be elucidated. TrkB levels and its anterograde trafficking seem not to be influenced by moderate treadmill running. In conclusion, moderate physical training could prevent early neurodegeneration in substantia nigra through the improvement of autophagy and mitophagy. 相似文献
15.
太极拳和健身气功·八段锦对中老年人血脂影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高脂血症是引发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）的主要危害因素之一,而中老年是高脂血症的多发人群。大量研究证实,民族传统健身运动中的太极拳和健身气功·八段锦属于中低强度的有氧健身运动,可以大大改善中老年血脂状况。文章采用文献资料的研究方法,综述了太极拳和八段锦运动能够有效的降低中老年人血脂中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的含量,减少中老年人患高血脂症的发病率。 相似文献
16.
为探索健身瑜伽对中老年知识分子健身防病的作用,测量中老年知识分子在瑜伽锻炼前后血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白等指标的变化情况,探讨健身瑜伽对老年知识分子血脂代谢的影响.结果显示,瑜伽锻炼后的甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),均低于锻炼前(P<0.05),高密度蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAl)、抗动脉粥样硬化指数(HDL-C/TC)和载脂蛋白A1与载脂蛋白B的比值(ApoAl/ApoB)显著高于锻炼前(P＜05);载脂蛋白B(ApoB)略有下降,但无显著差异(P>0.05).研究表明:长期瑜伽锻炼对增强中老年知识分子体质,防治血脂异常和动脉粥样硬化,有效地降低心血管疾病危险性,延缓衰老具有一定的作用. 相似文献
17.
Stephen A. Ingham Ken A. van Someren Glyn Howatson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1377-1382
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of concentric warm-up exercise on eccentrically induced changes in muscle strength, range of motion, and soreness of the elbow flexors. Ten resistance-exercise naïve participants performed intermittent incremental eccentric actions (42 in total) of the elbow flexor muscles of each arm to induce muscle damage. The arms of each participant were randomly assigned either to a pre-eccentric exercise warm-up involving intermittent concentric exercise (warm-up) or no prior exercise (control). Strength, range of motion, and ratings of soreness were recorded before and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days after exercise. Strength, range of motion, and soreness during muscular movements changed over time (P at most 0.01; Cohen's d at least 0.51, medium). There was an interaction (P < 0.001) for strength, showing a smaller reduction after exercise for warm-up than control (P < 0.001, d = 2.44, large effect). The decreased range of motion was less for warm-up than control for the arm while extended (P < 0.001), flexed (P = 0.002), and relaxed (P = 0.004). Muscle soreness was reduced for the warm-up group, while the muscle was flexed, extended, and relaxed compared with control (P < 0.001). The results demonstrate that a concentric warm-up exercise attenuates the reduction in loss of strength, range of motion, and muscle soreness after eccentric-exercise-induced muscle damage and might allow higher intensities of training to be performed. 相似文献
18.
目的探讨自主运动调节tau蛋白激酶和tau蛋白磷酸酶的基因表达,抑制APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马tau蛋白过度磷酸化,进而改善学习记忆能力的分子机制。方法C57系APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为运动组(TE)与对照组(TC);C57系野生小鼠亦随机分为运动组(E)与对照组(C)。其中,TE组和E组小鼠从3月龄开始,给予16周的跑轮运动装置,TC组和C组小鼠不施加运动干预,作为相应对照组。Morris水迷宫实验检测APP/PS1转基因小鼠的空间学习记忆能力,Western Blot实验检测海马磷酸化tau蛋白(P-tau)水平,RT-PCR实验检测海马tau蛋白及tau蛋白激酶GSK-3β和CDK-5,tau蛋白磷酸酶PP2A和PP1 mRNA表达。结果(1)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠Morris水迷宫游泳潜伏期显著性降低(P<0.05),平台象限的游泳时间百分比显著性增加(P<0.05),穿越原平台位置的次数极显著性增加(P<0.01);(2)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠海马总tau蛋白mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05),Ser202位点和Thr181位点P-tau蛋白表达均显著性下调(P<0.05);(3)与TC组相比,TE组小鼠海马tau蛋白磷酸化激酶GSK-3β(P<0.01)和CDK-5(P<0.05)mRNA表达显著性下调,tau蛋白磷酸酶PP2A(P<0.01)和PP1(P<0.01)mRNA表达极显著性下调。结论16周自主运动通过下调tau蛋白激酶表达、上调tau蛋白磷酸酶表达,抑制APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马tau蛋白的过度磷酸化,进而促进海马神经细胞功能,改善转基因小鼠学习记忆。说明自主运动可通过调节脑的分子生物学机制,促进认知功能的改善和提升,预防和缓解阿尔茨海默病。 相似文献
19.
黄参多糖和游泳运动对营养性肥胖小鼠血脂及瘦素水平干预的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的通过黄参多糖(SGP)、游泳运动对采用高脂饮食建立的营养性肥胖小鼠血脂及瘦素水平进行干预,探索SGP及游泳运动的降脂减肥作用。方法本实验应用酶法测定了血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)﹑高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定了小鼠血清瘦素,称取生殖器周围脂肪质量,计算肥胖指数(Lee’s index)和脂肪系数。结果高脂组(HFD)与基础对照组(Cont)比,体质量增加,Lee’指数和脂肪系数差异达到显著,证明通过高脂饮食建立营养性肥胖模型是成功的;应用SGP或游泳运动或二者联用均能降低营养性肥胖小鼠的体质量、体脂,降低血清中TC、TG及LDL-C,升高HDL-C水平,瘦素水平也随之在减肥中发挥作用而逐渐接近正常,其中以SGP和游泳运动联用产生协同作用效果最佳,与HFD组比差异达到极显著(P<0.01)。结论 SGP或游泳运动均能使营养性肥胖小鼠降脂、减肥,尤其是二者联用效果极为明显,为其在实践中应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
20.
心肌梗塞患者康复早期适宜运动强度探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
急性期后心肌梗塞病人(PMIP)进行适宜运动有利于机能的恢复及降低疾病复发率。通过对101名男性PMIP渐增负荷实验,测定和评价心脏康复早期的PMIP运动中的生理反应,为制定PMIP康复期运动处方提供适宜运动强度。结果表明:(1)PMIP应通过改变生活方式特别是改变饮食结构及参加体育运动来降低其BC的浓度;(2)康复初期的PMIP运动强度可被允许达到themodifiedBrucetreadmillprotocol的第三级或RPE13;(3)这一建议强度适用于大多数PMIP,有较广泛的使用价值。 相似文献