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1.
"水下蝶泳打腿技术"的生物力学特征及发展途径相关问题的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用近些年国内外对“水下蝶泳打腿技术”的研究资料，从生物力学的角度进行总结和分析，结果显示：“水下蝶泳打腿技术”与水面游进相比，具有攻角小与波浪阻力小的优势，技术特点表现为振幅小频率快，要求运动员有很好的脚踝柔韧性和较强的腰腹及腿部力量。 相似文献
2.
我常常昕到这个问题：游速快慢主要是取决于划臂速度,还是取决于打腿速度？当然了,答案要根据你的手臂力量的大小、腿部力量的大小、划臂技术、打腿技术等因素决定。但是对于大多数比较优秀的选手来说,我认为打腿速度对泳速的影晌大于划臂速度。 相似文献
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4.
多次打腿技术无论在游泳运动的长短距离项目中，均有提高游速的作用，这一事实已被实践证实。本文只是从生理学、生物力学角度等方面对此加以分析论证，提出多次打腿技术宜从运动员少年期及早抓起，为他们今后的运动生涯打下坚实的基础的建议． 相似文献
5.
狄建 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(5):54-56
应用阻力与速度的平方成正比定律[1][2],审视在竞赛速度条件下游泳体位与打腿配合技术。认为身体水中姿态与打腿技术的合理性与否在于通过技术动作所产生的推进阻力纯值的大小来给予评价。以此为依据,提出在竞赛条件下,游泳体位姿态与打腿配合技术相关的两种新技术观点:对水中人体姿态流线型的新诠释;快频率、小幅度打腿技术在竞赛速度条件下对水中游泳体位的影响。 相似文献
6.
从理论上介绍了鱼类摆尾技术的流体力学研究成果,并在实践中与运动员蝶泳腿技术分析相结合,指出水下蝶泳打腿(UUS,亦称水下波动游泳)的运动学、动力学特征以及在游泳出发、转身和划水过程中的应用. 相似文献
7.
在自由泳打腿基础教学中我们会发现很多问题,如：身体控制不住、身体下沉、腰部扭曲、摆动过大等问题。本期针对这些较普遍的技术问题,介绍三种无板自由泳打腿技术提高练习以及错误动作示范,希望可以帮助大家改进自由泳打腿技术,减少阻力,从而提高游泳成绩。 相似文献
8.
自由泳（ｆｒｅｅｓｔｙｌｅ）比赛转身对成绩的影响，随距离的加长而增大，尤其是短池游泳比赛。通过对１６名男队员分组训练和测验，证明爬泳转身后采用海豚打腿技术，对提高自由泳比赛速度更为有利 相似文献
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综观国内外优秀游泳运动选手，几乎所有有成就的运动员都是从幼儿或少儿时期开始正规的游泳训练，而且都有很扎实的基本技术。从游泳的基本技术而论，不管是哪种泳式，可以说游泳技术中腿的技术是最基本的技术，因而，在儿童游泳训练中打腿技术的训练是不可忽视的。尤其对自由泳运动员在游进过程中．腿不仅起到推进速度的作用，其更大的作用在于能保持身体平衡，稳定身体位置，使身体更趋于流线型，还能增强神经兴奋性，协调手臂及完整配合技术，加快划手频率，从而提高自由泳的游速。 相似文献
10.
随着世界游泳水平的不断发展，男子蝶泳世界记录一再被改写，蝶泳运动员技术的发展越来越注重腿的实效性和推进力，通过对2008年北京奥运会男子蝶泳比赛进行技术对比和分析，可以很明显地看出蝶泳的发展趋势越来越注重腿部的推进力。通过观察男子100米蝶泳决赛运动员的技术可以看出8名运动员均采用第二次蝶泳腿重打的蝶泳技术，200米蝶泳也有越来越多的运动员采用第二次重打技术，这种技术已成为当今蝶泳技术发展的趋势。在少年儿童游泳教学中，蝶泳的二次腿教学一直是一个难点，由于这种技术需要较强的力量素质，协调素质和节奏感，在训练中就要更加全面地进行练习，尤其是要掌握好第二次打腿和划手的时机，体会身体在水中的位置，把打腿节奏的控制放在首位，循序渐进地练习，才能达到最佳的效果。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming speed on leg-to-arm coordination in competitive unilateral arm amputee front crawl swimmers. Thirteen well-trained swimmers were videotaped underwater during three 25-m front crawl trials (400 m, 100 m and 50 m pace). The number, duration and timing of leg kicks in relation to arm stroke phases were identified by video analysis. Within the group, a six-beat kick was predominantly used (n = 10) although some swimmers used a four-beat (n = 2) or eight-beat kick (n = 1). Swimming speed had no significant effect on the relative duration of arm stroke and leg kick phases. At all speeds, arm stroke phases were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the affected and unaffected sides. In contrast, the kicking phases of both legs were not different. Consequently, leg-to-arm coordination was asymmetrical. The instant when the leg kicks ended on the affected side corresponded with particular positions of the unaffected arm, but not with the same positions of the affected arm. In conclusion, the ability to dissociate the movements of the arms from the legs demonstrates that, because of their physical impairment, unilateral arm amputee swimmers functionally adapt their motor organisation to swim front crawl. 相似文献
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Raymond C. Z. Cohen Paul W. Cleary Bruce R. Mason David L. Pease 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(1):63-73
Understanding the relationships between front crawl swimming technique and the corresponding fluid dynamics is important to athletes seeking improved performance and an edge over their rivals. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) swimming modelling provides a controlled and unobtrusive capability that provides many previously immeasurable quantities including full flow fields and information on the forces experienced by the body throughout the stroke. In this study, a coupled biomechanical-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to determine when peak arm thrust occurs and how the ratio of arm–leg thrust changes with stroke rate. A dynamic biomechanical model of a female national-level swimmer was generated from a three-dimensional laser body scan of the athlete and multi-angle videos of sub-maximal swimming trials. This was coupled to the SPH method to simulate the fluid moving around the body during front crawl swimming. Two distinct peaks in net streamwise thrust were found during the stroke coinciding with the underwater arm strokes. The peak arm thrust occurred during the transition from pull to push (left arm) and midway during the push (right arm). Finally, the ratio of arm thrust to leg thrust was found to increase with increasing stroke rate. 相似文献
13.
Vassilios Gourgoulis Alexia Boli Nikolaos Aggeloussis Argyris Toubekis Panagiotis Antoniou Panagiotis Kasimatis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):278-289
AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of leg kick on the pattern, the orientation and the propulsive forces produced by the hand, the efficiency of the arm stroke, the trunk inclination, the inter-arm coordination and the intra-cyclic horizontal velocity variation of the hip in sprint front crawl swimming. Nine female swimmers swam two maximal trials of 25 m front crawl, with and without leg kick. Four camcorders were used to record the underwater movements. Using the legs, the mean swimming velocity increased significantly. On the contrary, the velocity and the orientation of the hand, the magnitude and the direction of the propulsive forces, as well as the Froude efficiency of the arm stroke were not modified. The hip intra-cyclic horizontal velocity variation was also not changed, while the index of coordination decreased significantly. A significant decrease (13%) was also observed in the inclination of the trunk. Thus, the positive effect of leg kick on the swimming speed, besides the obvious direct generation of propulsive forces from the legs, could probably be attributed to the reduction of the body’s inclination, while the generation of the propulsive forces and the efficiency of the arm stroke seem not to be significantly affected. 相似文献
14.
The effect of wet suit use by triathletes: an analysis of the different phases of arm movement 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We analysed stroke phases and arm and leg coordination during front crawl swimming with and without a wet suit. Twelve nationally and internationally ranked French male triathletes performed three swim trials in randomized order using the front crawl stroke with and without a wet suit. All triathletes swam at three different swim velocities, corresponding to the paces appropriate for the 800 m (V800), 100 m (V100) and 50 m (V50) events. The different stroke phases and arm and leg coordination were identified by video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified using a new index of coordination, which expresses the three major modalities of opposition, catch-up and superposition in swimming. At all swim velocities, no significant differences in leg movements with or without the wet suit were noted. However, the wearing of the wet suit was associated with a significantly greater stroke length at the paces appropriate for the 100 and 50 m events (+3.46% and +3.10% at V100 and V50, respectively; P<0.01); a significantly greater stroke index at all three velocities (+5.18%, +5.21% and +5.91% at V800, V100 and V50, respectively; P<0.01); a significantly shorter pulling phase (-10.97%; P<0.05) and lower index of coordination (-21.87%; P<0.01) at the pace appropriate for the 800 m; and a significantly greater entry and catch phase (+9.81%; P<0.05) at the pace appropriate for the 100 m. We conclude that the wet suit amplified the coordination mode of the triathletes (i.e. catch-up coordination) without modifying stroke rate, recovery phase or leg movements. 相似文献
15.
提高爬泳技术应重视爬泳双臂之间的相互作用。这相互作用有三：一是划水臂随身体的自然转动向前向外伸肩动作，会减小由另一臂空中移动时所造成的上体错误的左右摆动；二是在中长距离中，注意一手臂人水后的前伸动作，可增大划水距离，还有助于另一臂的推水效果；三是一臂的空中移动速度和人水速度的提高有助于另一臂划水效果的提高。 相似文献
16.
Front crawl swimmers often restrict the number of breaths they take during a race because of the possible adverse effects of the breathing action on resistance or stroke mechanics. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist in the kinematics of the trunk and upper extremity used during preferred-side breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming. Six male swimmers performed trials at their 200 m race pace under breathing and breath-holding conditions. The underwater arm stroke was filmed from the front and side using video cameras suspended over periscope systems. Video recordings were digitized at 50 Hz and the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper extremity obtained using a direct linear transformation algorithm. Body roll angles were obtained by digitizing video recordings of a balsa wood fin attached to the swimmers' backs. The swimmers performed the breathing action without any decrement in stroke length (mean +/- s: breathing 2.24 +/- 0.27 m; breath-holding 2.15 +/- 0.22 m). Stroke widths were similar in the breathing (0.28 +/- 0.07 m) and breath-holding (0.27 +/- 0.07 m) trials, despite swimmers rolling further when taking a breath (66 +/- 5 degrees) than when not (57 +/- 4 degrees). The timing of the four underwater phases of the stroke was also unaffected by the breathing action, with swimmers rolling back towards the neutral position during the insweep phase. In conclusion, the results suggest that front crawl swimmers can perform the breathing action without it interfering with their basic stroke parameters. The insweep phase of the stroke assists body roll and not vice versa as suggested in previous studies. 相似文献
17.
We analysed stroke phases and arm and leg coordination during front crawl swimming with and without a wet suit. Twelve nationally and internationally ranked French male triathletes performed three swim trials in randomized order using the front crawl stroke with and without a wet suit. All triathletes swam at three different swim velocities, corresponding to the paces appropriate for the 800?m (V800), 100?m (V100) and 50?m (V50) events. The different stroke phases and arm and leg coordination were identified by video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified using a new index of coordination, which expresses the three major modalities of opposition, catch-up and superposition in swimming. At all swim velocities, no significant differences in leg movements with or without the wet suit were noted. However, the wearing of the wet suit was associated with a significantly greater stroke length at the paces appropriate for the 100 and 50?m events (+3.46% and +3.10% at V100 and V50, respectively; P?<0.01); a significantly greater stroke index at all three velocities (+5.18%, +5.21% and +5.91% at V800, V100 and V50, respectively; P?<0.01); a significantly shorter pulling phase (?10.97%; P?<0.05) and lower index of coordination (?21.87%; P?<0.01) at the pace appropriate for the 800?m; and a significantly greater entry and catch phase (+9.81%; P?<0.05) at the pace appropriate for the 100?m. We conclude that the wet suit amplified the coordination mode of the triathletes (i.e. catch-up coordination) without modifying stroke rate, recovery phase or leg movements. 相似文献
18.
De Jesus K Figueiredo P De Jesus K Pereira F Vilas-Boas JP Machado L Fernandes RJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(7):715-723
During water polo matches, players use different front crawl styles. The purpose of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of three water polo front crawl styles: front crawl with head under water, front crawl with head above water, and front crawl when leading the ball. Ten proficient water polo players performed 3 × 15 m sprints in each front crawl style, which were recorded three-dimensionally by two surface and four underwater cameras. The results showed no differences in performance and several kinematic characteristics among the water polo front crawl styles. However, front crawl when leading the ball showed shorter stroke length and greater stroke frequency. Front crawl with head underwater presented greater maximal finger depth and elbow angle at mid-stroke position. Front crawl with head above water and when leading the ball showed greater trunk obliquity and maximal depth of right and left foot, and shorter kick stroke frequency. The findings suggest that proficient players learn to master front crawl with head above water to achieve top velocity. Despite the common use of the front crawl with head underwater as the basis for water polo fast displacement, coaches should emphasize the use of the specific water polo styles to attain high performance. 相似文献
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Allen Jackson Andrew S. Jackson Ronald G. Frankiewicz 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):641-648
This study investigated the construct and concurrent validity of a 12-minute crawl stroke swim as a field test of swimming endurance. A sample of 42 male college students who ranged from certified life savers to competitive swimmers were administered three tests. The first, a multistage swimming endurance test, required that a tethered subject swim to exhaustion under a linear progressive increase in workload. The second measure was the crawl stroke count for two lengths of a 25-yard pool. The third test was a 12-minute crawl stroke swim for distance with total distance and distance covered each minute recorded for each subject. Alpha factor analysis of the 12 minute intervals of the crawl stroke swim produced one factor which demonstrated that swimming performance was internally consistent during the 12-minute swim. There was a correlation of .898 (p < .01) between the 12-minute swim and the tethered swim test. Cross validity procedures demonstrated a high degree of stability for the correlation between the 12-minute swim and the tethered swim and for resulting regression statistics. The construct validity was established for both the multistage test and the 12-minute swim using the known groups approach. On the basis of the data the 12-minute swim is a valid field test for swimming endurance for the population studied. 相似文献
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针对自由泳的学习，从最基本的游泳教学中，如何让运动员获得正确的自由泳学习方法，掌握自由泳的动作结构、姿势及技巧，从而达到较标准的自由泳泳姿，促进运动成绩的提高。 相似文献