共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
近年来，人工智能（AI）在前沿科技领域取得了诸如AlphaFold2、核聚变智能控制、新冠药物设计等诸多令人瞩目成果，表明AI for Science正在成为一种新的研究范式。实现智能时代的基础科学源头创新及其下游重大技术创新，需破解2个方面的核心问题：（1）如何利用新一代AI（特别是生成式AI及大模型）的通用性和创造性推动新范式的形成；（2）如何利用AI实现对传统科学设施的赋能与改造。文章提出一种智能化科学设施的建设构想，兼顾“高度智能化的科学新设施”和“AI赋能已有科学大设施”2个层面的需求，构筑AI for Science的科学设施体系，形成科学领域大模型、生成式模拟与反演、自主智能无人实验及大规模可信科研协作等创新功能，加速重大科学发现、变革性物质合成，以及重大工程技术应用。 相似文献
2.
文章将“智能化科研”（AI4R）称为第五科研范式,概括它的一系列特征包括：（1）人工智能（AI）全面融入科学、技术和工程研究,知识自动化,科研全过程的智能化;（2）人机智能融合,机器涌现的智能成为科研的组成部分;（3）有效应对计算复杂性非常高的组合爆炸问题;（4）面向非确定性问题,概率统计模型在科研中发挥更大的作用;（5）跨学科合作成为主流科研方式,实现前4种科研范式的融合;（6）科研更加依靠以大模型为特征的科研大平台等。文章指出科研的智能化是一场科技上的革命,它带来的机遇和挑战将深刻影响中国科技发展的前途,呼吁各行业的科学家本身实现智能化转型。 相似文献
3.
近期,以ChatGPT为代表的大模型技术正开启人类社会智能化的新纪元。研究人工智能成功案例背后的技术原理,探索人工智能驱动的科学研究（AI for Science,AI4S）新范式,对促进我国科技进步、增强国家竞争力具有十分重要的意义。文章首先以数学、物理学、生物学、材料科学领域为例,简述AI4S的研究进展。其次,面向近年来最为成功的人工智能范例,分析AlphaFold和ChatGPT的基本原理和关键技术。最后,在以上分析的基础上,从算法、模型、数据、知识、人的因素等角度,总结大模型时代人工智能技术发展新趋势,探讨AI4S研究新范式。 相似文献
4.
人工智能驱动的科学（artificial intelligence for science, AI4S）的兴起,使得如何确保科学系统的公开性、公平性、公正性和多样可持续性变得尤为重要和迫切。这关系到各国在全球创新和产业革新中的话语权和领导地位,同时也影响人类命运共同体的安全、稳定与可持续发展。为了应对这些挑战,AI4S需要引入新的科学组织和运营方式。基于Web3和分布式自主组织与运营（DAOs）等智能技术之上的分布式自主科学（decentralized science,DeSci）与AI4S相辅相成,为AI4S提供强有力的支撑。DeSci可以有效解决现有科研体系中的信息孤岛、偏见、不公平分配和垄断等问题,进而促进多学科、跨学科和交叉学科合作。文章首先从理论层面对DeSci的基本概念、特征和框架进行界定,其次分析DeSci的研究现状与应用现状,最后探讨和总结DeSci对于科学系统进一步发展的启示与意义。 相似文献
5.
科学研究的目的是发现基本原理和解决实际问题。尽管人类在发现基本原理和解决实际问题上已经取得了巨大成就,但有效工具和有效科研组织模式的缺乏仍然是制约科研效率的主要瓶颈。人工智能（AI）的迅速发展为改变这种状况提供了新的可能。近年来,深度学习方法在科学研究领域大放异彩,不仅助力解决了一些核心科学问题,扩展了科学方法,也开始带动科学研究从传统的“作坊模式”转向“平台模式”。目前,我国已在人工智能驱动的科学（AI for Science）领域打下良好基础,应把握机遇,争取引领科技创新,为人类的科技发展作出贡献。 相似文献
6.
智能教学系统（ITS）是教育技术学中的重要研究领域,是人工智能（AI）技术在教育中应用的重要成果。本文对ITS的系统结构及知识库结构进行了研究。 相似文献
7.
人工智能（AI）技术不仅改变了人类的生产方式,也重塑了人类解决社会问题的方式。诞生于工业时代的传统社会创新理论在AI时代的解释力逐渐势微,学术界提出了重建AI时代社会创新理论的新任务。本文在比较传统社会创新与数字社会创新的基础上,提出AI社会创新的内涵,以此建构AI时代的社会创新理论。本文强调AI社会创新有助于智能识别漂浮的社会问题,推进解决方案的最优匹配,促进社会创新成果的扩散。围绕AI在社会问题与解决方案匹配过程中的作用,本文以社会问题的紧迫性和解决方案的新颖性为框架,首次提出AI自主搜索式、AI赋能生成式、AI自主修补式、AI赋能探索式四种AI社会创新模式。研究发现拓展了已有社会创新理论的内涵。 相似文献
8.
9.
探究智能技术对智能商业价值共创的作用机理。基于价值共创理论，采用多案例研究方法，以达闼科技（北京）有限公司和中国平安保险（集团）股份有限公司为研究对象，以多种来源的一手数据和二手数据相互验证，从动态、整体的视角研究智能商业背景下企业如何应用人工智能（AI）技术实现价值共创。研究发现AI技术的应用使企业突破了“价值识别－价值创造－价值实现”的传统线性范式，企业价值共创各环节活动呈现“交互－反馈－增强”的非线性价值共创模式。其中，交互是起点，提供用户信息及行为数据基础；反馈是关键，提高价值创造效率；而增强是独特价值，也是更高起点的价值共创的开始。 相似文献
10.
11.
There is an exponential growth of the use of AI applications in organisations. Due to the machine learning capability of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, it is critical that such systems are used continuously in order to generate rich use data that allow them to learn, evolve and mature into a better fit for their user and organisational context. This research focuses on the actual use of conversational AI, in particular AI chatbot, as one type of workplace AI application to answer the research question: how do employees experience the use of an AI chatbot in their day-to-day work? Through a qualitative case study of a large international organisation and by performing an inductive analysis, the research uncovers the different ways in which users appropriate the AI chatbot and identifies two key dimensions that determine their type of use: the dominant mode of interaction and the understanding of the AI chatbot technology. Based on these dimensions, a taxonomy of users is presented, which classifies users of AI chatbots into four types: early quitters, pragmatics, progressives, and persistents. The findings contribute to the understanding of how conversational AI, particularly AI chatbots, is used in organisations and pave the way for further research in this regard. The implications for practice are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
[目的/意义]人工智能已成为推动新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要技术力量,世界各国加紧出台了相关政策。通过对当前研究进行及时梳理,可为今后国内人工智能政策的理论推进及政策出台和完善等提供指导。[方法/过程]以国外SSCI和国内CSSCI期刊数据库收录的395篇研究论文为样本,采用文献计量分析和比较研究法对中外人工智能政策研究的高共被引文献、热点主题及演进趋势等进行深入探索。[结果/结论]与国外相比,国内研究起步较晚但势头迅猛;高共被引文献反映了人工智能领域存在的问题和风险、应用前景、技术革新及对社会的影响;国外研究热点涵盖了知识管理等十二类主题,而国内研究热点则包括国家治理背景下人工智能政策发展路径等三类主题;国外研究的演进特征体现在三个方面,而国内研究则体现在两个方面。最后,从加快形成和构建人工智能政策研究的理论框架体系等三个方面提出对国内研究的启示。 相似文献
13.
数字经济背景下,人工智能（AI）技术的应用正在深入地影响着企业管理变革、业务边界的扩展和管理模式的改变。结合互补资产的观点和组织学习理论,本文提出了一个基于AI应用能力和AI管理能力的分析框架,强调人工智能与人类智慧结合的必要性,阐述了两种能力的功能和作用及其协同对企业效率和创新成本的影响。本文提出,企业必须具备管理AI的能力才能有效应对大数据、数字技术、AI的不断革新及技术带来的组织内部结构和外部环境变化以及风险;企业AI应用与管理能力的有效结合,有利于控制AI应用带来的成本和风险,增强企业在人工人力、协调沟通、和数据搜寻方面的效率,同时降低AI应用带来的数字基建、道德情感、数据安全、组织结构变革方面的成本,进而促进企业的组织学习、对内外部数字技术使能资源的获取和管理以及互补资产的形成,对企业创新绩效发挥正向作用。最后,本文为企业的数字化创新战略提供了新的发展思路。 相似文献
14.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104661
Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the inventive success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ innovation in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects) and benefits from complementaries with knowledge earlier developed in the area of network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of firm innovation, and is lower for companies with narrow technological competences. There is evidence of knowledge spillovers from ICT innovators to AI innovators, but this effect is confined to the frontier firms of the new technological field. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased due to the accumulation of internal competences and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. 相似文献
15.
As far back as the industrial revolution, significant development in technical innovation has succeeded in transforming numerous manual tasks and processes that had been in existence for decades where humans had reached the limits of physical capacity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers this same transformative potential for the augmentation and potential replacement of human tasks and activities within a wide range of industrial, intellectual and social applications. The pace of change for this new AI technological age is staggering, with new breakthroughs in algorithmic machine learning and autonomous decision-making, engendering new opportunities for continued innovation. The impact of AI could be significant, with industries ranging from: finance, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, supply chain, logistics and utilities, all potentially disrupted by the onset of AI technologies. The study brings together the collective insight from a number of leading expert contributors to highlight the significant opportunities, realistic assessment of impact, challenges and potential research agenda posed by the rapid emergence of AI within a number of domains: business and management, government, public sector, and science and technology. This research offers significant and timely insight to AI technology and its impact on the future of industry and society in general, whilst recognising the societal and industrial influence on pace and direction of AI development. 相似文献
16.
Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform business practices and industries and has the potential to address major societal problems, including sustainability. Degradation of the natural environment and the climate crisis are exceedingly complex phenomena requiring the most advanced and innovative solutions. Aiming to spur groundbreaking research and practical solutions of AI for environmental sustainability, we argue that AI can support the derivation of culturally appropriate organizational processes and individual practices to reduce the natural resource and energy intensity of human activities. The true value of AI will not be in how it enables society to reduce its energy, water, and land use intensities, but rather, at a higher level, how it facilitates and fosters environmental governance. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that research regarding AI for sustainability is challenged by (1) overreliance on historical data in machine learning models, (2) uncertain human behavioral responses to AI-based interventions, (3) increased cybersecurity risks, (4) adverse impacts of AI applications, and (5) difficulties in measuring effects of intervention strategies. The review indicates that future studies of AI for sustainability should incorporate (1) multilevel views, (2) systems dynamics approaches, (3) design thinking, (4) psychological and sociological considerations, and (5) economic value considerations to show how AI can deliver immediate solutions without introducing long-term threats to environmental sustainability. 相似文献
17.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been in existence for over six decades and has experienced AI winters and springs. The rise of super computing power and Big Data technologies appear to have empowered AI in recent years. The new generation of AI is rapidly expanding and has again become an attractive topic for research. This paper aims to identify the challenges associated with the use and impact of revitalised AI based systems for decision making and offer a set of research propositions for information systems (IS) researchers. The paper first provides a view of the history of AI through the relevant papers published in the International Journal of Information Management (IJIM). It then discusses AI for decision making in general and the specific issues regarding the interaction and integration of AI to support or replace human decision makers in particular. To advance research on the use of AI for decision making in the era of Big Data, the paper offers twelve research propositions for IS researchers in terms of conceptual and theoretical development, AI technology-human interaction, and AI implementation. 相似文献
18.
2018年,科学基金信息科学领域增设“教育信息科学与技术”申请代码(F0701)资助教育科学基础研究。基于首批F0701科学基金申请与资助项目数据的科学计量分析显示：申请项目涵盖了个性化教学、教育大数据、机器学习、增强现实、教育机器人、学习评测、交互学习、数字资源、协同学习、资源配置等十个主题聚类。研究发现,目前的教育信息科学与技术研究仍处于技术迁移期,主要以信息领域向教育领域渗透的研究工作为主,但对教育领域的重大关键科学问题缺乏深刻凝练,深度交叉融合不足。建议研究者加强对自然科学研究范式的运用、增强研究团队的交叉融合、提高凝练科学问题的能力;建议科学基金进一步充实完善申请代码,引导评审专家根据本领域项目申请的特点进行评估,提高资助率并加大支持力度,促进我国教育信息科学与技术领域整体研究水平的提升。 相似文献