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谈谈科学基金绩效评估中的几个问题 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在努力营造有利于支持创新的环境,不断探索改进和完善同行评议方法及加强基金管理等工作的同时,开展对科学基金的绩效评估已受到有关部门及热心基金事业的有识之士的关注[1-3].通过绩效评估可进一步显示科学基金制在我国的基础研究中的地位和作用;也是为了提高科学基金使用效益的措施之一.如何进行科学基金的绩效评估,以及它应遵循什么准则和程序,等等,均是当前我们以及国内外其他基础研究资助机构面临的一个重要课题. 相似文献
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世界各国物理学基金论文产出绩效分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用文献计量学方法首次得出物理学科学基金投入的总体产出绩效以及主要学科、国家、机构产出绩效的各项指标,这对于评估科学基金的使用效率以及科学基金制对世界物理学的学科发展具有参考价值。科学基金制已经成为推动中国物理学研究快速发展的强劲动力,并创造出卓越的科学基金论文产出绩效和贡献度。 相似文献
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<正>1引言随着世界各国科学基金制的日趋完善,科学基金资助规模的不断扩大,科学基金的总体绩效评估受到各国政府和公众的普遍关注。据报道,美国每年都开展科学基金绩效的评估,日本和德国也做过类似的尝试,由于国际上关于科学基金绩效评估的研究还没有成形的模式,加之以往缺少科学、权威 相似文献
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在科学基金发展的新阶段引入绩效评估已被国外经验证明是行之有效的科学管理手段。从法律制度的效力出发,本文首先构建了科学基金绩效评估法律制度体系分析框架,分析了美国、日本、澳大利亚等典型创新型国家的法律制度体系,提出了指导关联、弱关联、强关联三种法律制度体系类型;然后对我国与法律制度体系相似国家的基金绩效评估法律制度体系进行了对比分析,发现我国在通用法律规范和专用法律规范方面均存在一定的缺失;最后,从制度建设、评估实施、法制文化等角度提出了我国科学基金绩效评估法律制度体系的建设方向。 相似文献
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中国博士后科学基金是中国博士后制度的重要组成部分,自1985年设立以来,已成为中央财政资助博士后科研工作的主渠道之一。本文在系统分析中国博士后科学基金绩效评估需求和绩效特征的基础上,基于循证设计理论研究构建了中国博士后科学基金整体资助与管理绩效评估框架以及项目绩效评估指标体系,首次开展了针对近年来中国博士后科学基金资助项目的绩效评估实证研究,研究结果表明中国博士后科学基金初步形成了较完整的资助体系、促进了高层次创新型青年人才成长和创新性研究成果的取得,最后从改进基金资助模式和资助类型方面提出了政策建议。 相似文献
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国家自然科学基金资助项目研究成果的管理实践与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学基金》2017,(5)
国家自然科学基金资助项目研究成果的管理是科学基金资助项目后期管理的重要环节,是科学基金资助管理工作规范化、法律化和完善我国科学基金制的重要内容。本文分析了国家自然科学基金资助项目成果管理所面临的形势与挑战,以及国家自然科学基金委员会围绕项目成果管理在完善立法与监督、完善成果管理机制及强化成果管理实践等方面所开展的实践工作,以期通过完善科学基金项目成果管理与评估体系的顶层设计,进一步规范项目研究成果管理,以便更高效地反映科学基金资助成效,推动项目成果的共享与传播,促进项目成果的转化和使用。 相似文献
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NSF管理绩效评估是依据联邦立法要求,采用"自下而上"的多层次评估,比照绩效目标计划评估机构管理绩效成果并提出绩效改革方向。聚焦于NSF的目标-成果模式,结合NSF绩效管理发展的新趋势,从"战略规划-年度绩效计划-绩效成果报告"3个层面,描述NSF绩效目标体系及相应的绩效成果评价,并对近期NSF绩效计划的改革方向和NSF资助结构进行分析,以期获得对我国科学基金管理绩效评估的政策启示。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献