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《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1798-1808
Much has been said about the role that technological networking activities play on the innovative performance of firms, but little is known about how the regional context influences the efficiency of such networking activities. In this paper we hypothesize that the transformation of firms’ networking activities into innovation may vary depending on the regional environment in which the firm is located. For Spanish manufactures in the period 2000-12 and through the use of a multilevel framework, we obtain that after controlling for the firm’s characteristics, the regional context has not only a direct effect on firms’ innovation performance, but it also conditions the returns to firms’ networking activities, although differently in the case of cooperation and outsourcing. Cooperating in innovation activities is more beneficial for those firms located in a knowledge intensive region, whereas R&D outsourcing seems to be more profitable for firms in regions with a low knowledge pool. 相似文献
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Jeroen P.J. de Jong 《Research Policy》2006,35(2):213-229
Taxonomies of patterns of innovation give a dominant role to large firms, and are often based on empirical studies that exclude micro firms. This paper proposes an empirical taxonomy of the innovative firms at the bottom of the size distribution, based on a new survey of 1234 small firms and micro firms in The Netherlands, in both manufacturing and services. These firms differ not only in their innovative activities, but also in their business practices and strategies, such as management attitude, planning and external orientation, that they use to achieve innovation. The taxonomy identifies four categories of small innovative firms: science-based, specialised suppliers, supplier-dominated and resource-intensive. It suggests a more diverse pattern of innovation of small firms than in Pavitt's [Pavitt, K., 1984. Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy 13 (6), 343-373] taxonomy, a pattern that is shared by both manufacturing and service firms. Finally, the research shows that taxonomies can be effectively used to map differences in the rates, sources and nature of innovation, with the differences in the business strategies of innovative firms. 相似文献
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学习、集群化与区域创新体系 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：35
技术创新的实质是知识创造与应用过程,技术创新的成功不仅取决于企业内部研究开发活动,更重要的是取决于企业与其他机构之间的相互作用。在此,从进化理论出发,认为学习是企业技术创新能力提高的核心,通过集群化可以改善学习效果,并且以区域创新体系促进区域整体创新能力及竞争力的提高。 相似文献
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本文主要研究在强调企业"自主创新"的政策环境下,政府的作用对于集群内部企业的创新行为有什么重要的影响,并分析和比较不同的企业规模以及不同性质集群内部的企业的创新绩效。本文调研了国内不同区域的企业集群,并对回收的量表采用回归分析,分析的结果显示集群内部规模较小的企业比大规模企业有较高的创新水平;软件工业园性质的企业集群比其他性质的集群创新水平要高;政府的直接帮助政策并不能够提高集群内部企业的创新水平,而政府对于集群内部竞争环境的创造和维护、以及增加集群地域吸引力和加强信息服务的一些政府措施,则有利于提高集群内部企业的技术和创新能力。 相似文献
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创业企业的创新活动对其生存和发展具有重要影响,风险投资和天使投资作为创业初期两种重要的权益资本来源,对其创业创新活动有重要的影响,但其影响的机理和效果却存在一定的差异.本文利用美国考夫曼创业企业基金会的"考夫曼企业调查"(Kauffman firm survey,KFS)数据进行了实证分析,指出具有风险投资融资背景的创业企业更关注企业长期竞争力的构建与维持,注重创新活动的投入与质量,从而在R&D费用投入强度方面比天使投资参与的创业企业要高;具有天使投资的创业企业则更看重短期创新活动的产出效果,从而在专利申请量上略高于风险投资参与的创业企业. 相似文献
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Knut Holt 《Research Policy》1978,7(4):342-360
For more and more firms product innovation is becoming the key to survival and future growth. Successful product innovation cannot be based only upon inspiration, fantasy and random ideas; in most firms a purposeful and systematic approach also is required. Information is a key concept in this context. As product innovation activities are very different from day-to-day activities, a special information system is required.Based on an in-depth study of a large firm, it appears that systematic innovation requires: (a) a sound business concept with future oriented strategies and policies; (b) a competent staff who master the necessary tools; (c) an efficient organization with an appropriate information system; (d) relevant methods for diversification studies and product planning; and (e) development of individual products based on systematical provision of information about user needs and proper specification of requirements.In small firms innovations are based more on the entrepreneurial approach. Such firms often demonstrate a very innovative attitude, but many of them are hampered by lack of skills in marketing and management. They also lack supporting services which can provide information about the environment.Considering the importance of small firms in economic development and social progress, they should be given support in their innovative attempts. This can be done by organizing innovation centers which arrange studies, develop courses, and give practical assistance to firms engaged in innovative work. Governments should develop policies and provide information stimulating both small and large firms to innovations that are more desirable from a social point of view. 相似文献
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本文运用因子分析法获取创新主体综合变量,然后以综合变量的乘积来度量创新主体的交互作用,构建面板模型分析了创新主体及其交互作用对区域创新能力的影响。结果显示,企业、高校、科研机构以及金融机构对区域创新能力存在正向影响,且企业为影响区域创新能力的关键因素,而金融机构的影响尚不突出;企业与政府的交互作用、高校-科研机构与政府的交互作用对区域创新能力均存在正向作用,且后者大于前者,表明目前区域创新能力仍对政府与知识产出部门的合作有较强的依赖性;高校-科研机构与企业的交互作用对区域创新能力的影响并不显著,即我国产学研合作效应尚不明显。 相似文献
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Innovation-related activities within firms have traditionally been viewed as primary drivers of product and service differentiation and hopefully firm performance. Such views assume the effective transfer of newly developed products or services to a market willing to transact for the innovative products at a price that sustains the research, development and commercialisation processes behind the initial investments. In this paper, we ‘unpack’ this model linking primary R&D and related activities, the steps taken within the firm's market and transform its operational presence, and measures of firm performance. Using a sample of 449 Australian manufacturing companies from the Business Longitudinal Survey from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the paper develops a mediated model by which we examine the impact of innovation on firm performance mediated through a firm's market engagement and transformation strategies. This paper finds that organisational performance is driven by innovation only when mediated through these transformation outcomes. The results contribute to the innovation literature in finding that innovation-related activities can only drive a firm's competitive advantage when they occur concomitantly with actual changes in the market position and offerings of firms. 相似文献
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集群创新是我国创新驱动发展战略的主要突破方向。创新在空间上具有区域高度集聚的规律,集群创新在国家区域发展战略中的作用越来越重要。创新能力评价是国家创新布局的科学依据。文中使用Porter基于集群创新的国家创新能力模型,对我国主要城市的创新能力进行了定量评估;使用空间统计方法对我国创新布局的区域均衡水平进行了分析。研究发现,我国创新格局主体分布在华北平原与长江中下游平原一带,以城市为依托的全国创新格局呈现区域基本均衡的态势。建议"十三五"时期启动我国集群创新战略,设立我国卓越创新集群计划——构建20个全球性卓越创新集群和30个全国性卓越创新集群,拓展我国引领全球经济发展的动力空间。 相似文献
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基于中国2006—2015年的省际面板数据,利用趋同理论实证检验了“互联网+”对区域创新效率收敛的影响。研究发现：(1)全国及三大地区创新效率均存在着显著σ收敛、随机性收敛和β收敛的典型化事实;(2)“互联网+”已成为新时期推动中国区域创新效率收敛的“加速器”,考虑“互联网+”驱动后,创新效率较低地区赶上创新效率较高地区所需要的时间相对缩短了5年多,收敛速度相对提升了0.26个百分点;(3)若能充分注重“互联网+”与对外直接投资、外商直接投资和金融发展等因素综合效应的发挥,则可进一步强化“互联网+”驱动区域创新效率收敛的“加速器”效应;(4)“互联网+”对创新效率收敛的加速效果具有显著的空间异质性,特别是中、西部地区“互联网+”创新溢出红利的“后发优势”尤为值得关注。本文基于“互联网+”为重新审视如何缩小区域创新差距的现实难题提供了一个新的视角,相关结论能为新时代下我国深入推动“互联网+”与区域创新的深度融合提供一定的政策启示。 相似文献
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基于DEA方法的区域创新系统的评价 总被引：70，自引：3，他引：67
区域经济发展的重点是针对本区域的特点发挥区域优势,提高区域创新活动的效率和效果,因此,首先需要客观的评价区域创新系统的绩效。本文应用两阶段模型,以专利作为中间产品,将区域创新活动分为技术产出阶段和经济产出阶段以及二者的综合阶段,并运用DEA方法中的模型,分别对创新活动的技术有效性、经济有效性以及综合有效性进行评价。根据评价结果,按照有效性值可以将我国各个地区分为几个不同的梯度,并且,大部分地区在不同阶段的创新绩效处于不同的梯度。 相似文献
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Frieder Meyer-Krahmer 《Research Policy》1984,13(3):175-182
The Fraunhofer-Institut für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI) is at present engaged in evaluating a number of technology policy programs designed to promote research, development and innovation in small and medium-sized firms. These studies try to determine the extent to which these programmes have an impact upon the innovative activities of firms.In this connection, it was also attempted to measure the innovation output. The level of innovation of a firm is innovation ouput. The level of innovation of a firm is procedure involves a number of problems (self-assessment of firms in view of insufficient market transparency, distortion due to self-portraits reflecting the firms' own interests). We tried to mitigate such distortions by two approaches. Firstly, firms were asked for their technologically new products, the term “new” being applied (a) to the firm and (b) to the areas of product application. As a result of this two-tier procedure, firms supplied rather realistic answers. Secondly, supplementary questions were asked about sales figures, the competitive technological situation (nationally and internationally), expenditure on R&D, patents, stages of innovation, aims of innovation, etc.The paper presents the results obtained to date on the innovation output of firms within the framework of an evaluation of the largest programme at present devoted to promoting R&D and innovation in small and medium-sized firms . The results are based on a representative sample of approximately 4,500 small and medium-sized firms (up to 1,00 employees) with R&D activities in the Federal Republic of Germany. 相似文献
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The paper investigates the existence of an Open Regional Innovation System (ORIS model). This model is characterised by the firms’ adoption of an open innovation strategy, which overcomes not only the boundaries of the firms but also the boundaries of the region.Using data collected in a sample of life science firms, our research provides the evidence that the Emilia Romagna RIS has evolved towards an ORIS model, where firms’ innovation search strategy, despite being still embedded in local nets (involving several regional public research organisations - PROs), is open to external-to-the-region research networks and knowledge sources. It also shows that innovation openness influences significantly the firms’ innovative performance. 相似文献
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选取19992011年PE/VC共同投资事件,构建PE/VC联合投资网络,探讨PE/VC网络特征与家族企业技术创新的关系,研究发现:PE/VC介入的家族企业的R&D投入和专利产出均高于没有PE/VC介入的家族企业,且PE/VC投资的金额越多,家族企业的R&D投入和专利产出也越高;处于网络中心位置的PE/VC有利于提高被投资家族企业的R&D投入和专利产出;富含结构洞的PE/VC对新创家族企业的技术创新有正向影响;拥有较多间接联系的PE/VC对家族企业技术创新有正向影响。 相似文献
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现有研究对集群企业非本地创新是否受空间距离束缚持有不同观点。立足于多维接近性视角,采用南京、西安和佛山等地114家集群企业数据,通过层次回归实证检验了地理接近性对集群企业非本地创新的影响及社会接近性的调节效应。结果显示即使考虑社会接近性,地理接近性对集群企业非本地创新绩效与创新性仍具有显著正向影响,提供了“地理未死”的直接证据。另外,表征社会接近性的四个指标中只有部分能显著调节地理接近性效应,说明社会接近性并不能完全“缓解”空间距离对集群企业非本地创新的影响,进而提供了“地理未死”的间接证据。最后,探讨了实证结果与既有理论相“冲突”的深层次原因,分析了既有研究分歧在接近性整合框架下的统一性。 相似文献
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The concept of open innovation captures the increasing propensity of firms to work across their traditional boundaries of operation. This phenomenon has largely been studied from the viewpoint of manufacturing businesses while services have received much less attention despite the predominant role they play in advanced economies. This paper focuses on open innovation in services, both as a subsector of the economy and as a component of the activities of manufacturing firms. We study the open innovation practices of business services firms and then consider the implications for open innovation of the adoption of a service inclusive business model by manufacturing firms. Our analyses are based on a unique dataset with information on open innovation activities amongst UK firms. Overall, engagement in open innovation increases with firm size and R&D expenditure. Business services are more active open innovators than manufacturers; they are more engaged in informal relative to formal open innovation practices than manufacturers; and they attach more importance to scientific and technical knowledge than to market knowledge compared to manufacturing firms. Open innovation practices are also associated with the adoption of a service inclusive business model in manufacturing firms and service-integrated manufacturers engage in more informal knowledge-exchange activities. The paper contributes towards a reconceptualisation of open innovation in service businesses and a deeper evidence-based understanding of the service economy. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103804
In this paper, we explore the impact of a firm's workers’ replacements on innovation performance by using rich matched employer–employee panel data for the Veneto region of Italy. We take the well-known resource-based theory of the firm as our departure point, and develop a set of hypotheses which we test empirically with negative binomial regressions. We find that workers’ replacements significantly dampen innovation performance, coherently with the idea that they generate losses in the tacit knowledge base of the firm. We also find that workers’ replacements are especially detrimental to large and young firms, possibly because large companies benefit comparatively less from ‘diaspora’ effects and because innovative capabilities in young firms are mostly dependent on specific human capital. Finally, our results show that firms’ location in industrial districts significantly mitigates the negative impact of workers’ replacements, and that a similar picture emerges when firms are more exposed to knowledge spillovers, particularly of related knowledge. 相似文献