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1.
三江平原宝清县土地利用变化图谱分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于地学信息图谱理论,充分考虑土地利用变化的空间位置和空间行为特征，对土地利用变化图谱进行分析。以三江平原宝清县为例，通过1954年 、1976年 、1986年和2000年四期土地利用空间数据叠加分析和编码技术生成三个时段土地利用变化图谱，对研究区三个时段不同土地利用类型的扩张、新生、收缩、消亡和复生的图谱过程及生态环境效应进行分析。结果表明：整个时段耕地和城乡用地面积增加，草地和沼泽湿地面积减少，林地和水域除1954～1976年呈增加外，其他时段呈现减少的趋势。而且1954～1976年耕地以新生为主，新生速率为每年8.77%；1976～2000年耕地以扩张为主。湿地和草地以退缩为主。人类大规模的开垦活动导致沼泽湿地与草地退缩与消失，从而导致区域生态环境恶化与生物多样性减少，同时土地利用生态界面也发生明显变化。 相似文献
2.
2000-2010年辽宁省海岸带景观格局与生境质量变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究2000-2010年辽宁省海岸带景观格局与生境质量变化并探讨其变化原因,提取研究区2000年、2005年以及2010年三期景观类型,使用马尔柯夫模型的转移矩阵分析景观格局时空变化特征;利用景观生态分级指数模型计算景观类型转化强度;采用InVEST模型评价生境质量,探究景观格局变化与人类活动之间关系。结果表明:10年间,人工湿地与自然湿地面积均增加,开发浅海水域形成的养殖用地面积增加最多;2000-2005年、2005- 2010年转化强度指数均为负,景观生态级别下降,大量高生态级别的景观向低生态级别转化。景观生境质量指数减少,生物多样性服务功能降低,生境质量发生退化。湿地景观格局变化与人类活动密切相关,滨海自然湿地人工化,湿地围垦以及城镇化扩张成为海岸带生态景观变化的主要原因。研究成果可为海岸带生态系统的可持续发展提供有效的决策支持。 相似文献
3.
黄河三角洲湿地资源时空变化分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
采用遥感与CIS相结合的方法,以1985年、1995年、2000年和2009牟为时间节点对黄河三角洲湿地资源的数量、变化速度、类型转换、重心位移等进行了提取和定量分析。研究结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地在研究期内的变化较为显著,各个时段的变化特点各有异同。整体上人工湿地呈逐年增长的趋势,1985年仅为零星分布,到了2009年则已处于主导地位,而且呈加速增长的趋势,2000年至2009年的增长速度达到了29．19km^2／a;近岸湿地、沼泽湿地等自然湿地整体上呈逐年退缩趋势,其中沼泽湿地的退缩最为显著,多转变为了人工湿地和农业用地;黄河三角洲湿地变化的主要驱动力为养殖等人工湿地的扩张,另外黄河口的改道对湿地格局的变化也有一定的影响,尤其对近岸湿地影响最为显著,而湿地重心的空间变化在1995年-2000年间也显著受到黄河口改道的影响;由于整体上湿地的转出数量大于转入数量,且以陆域湿地的转出为主,造成湿地重心呈向海一侧的“东向模式”变化。 相似文献
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5.
江苏淤泥质潮滩湿地互花米草扩张对湿地景观的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在RS和GIS技术支持下,结合盐城自然保护区典型区域潮滩湿地的区域特点,通过景观多样性指数、优势度、聚集度指数、分布质心和转移矩阵等方法,系统地分析了1996-2010年的14年间盐城潮滩湿地互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)沼泽景观的时空动态及其对湿地景观空间格局的影响。结果表明:1盐城潮滩湿地互花米草沼泽分布面积呈显著增加趋势。1996-2010年,面积增长了2 661.74hm2,年均增长177.45hm2,增幅215.42%,年均变化率14.36%;2空间上,潮滩湿地上的互花米草斑块质心总体向海偏移。其中,1996-2006年,年均向海移动110.96m/a;2006-2010年,年均向海移动74.97m/a;3受互花米草扩张影响,研究区景观格局发生了明显的变化。互花米草生长不仅抑制了本地湿地植被的自然增长,而且还改变着湿地植被景观的组成、结构和潮滩湿地景观系统整体格局。 相似文献
6.
土地利用变化对盐城自然保护区湿地景观的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以江苏盐城海滨为研究区域，利用GIS技术分析区域土地利用变化对盐城保护区湿地景观多样性和
优势度影响，并探讨人类干扰强度、湿地景观变化与核心区景观连通性的相关关系。结果显示：①1987年-2007
年，盐城海滨区域和自然保护区内土地利用结构均发生显著变化：耕地逐渐增加，自然湿地迅速减少、人工湿地逐渐增加，人类对湿地景观的干扰程度逐渐加剧;②区域土地利用变化使自然湿地面积比重和景观优势性呈减小趋势，景观多样性呈增大趋势，缓冲区自然湿地面积减小最显著;③盐城海滨区域土地利用变化使保护区核心区与缓冲区、实验区之间，以及与周边区域之间的景观生态过程和联系减弱;④随着人类干扰度的增加，自然湿地比重和景观连通性也相应下降，并且呈现显著的相关性。 相似文献
7.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2016,(17)
采用研究区十年LandSat5/TM影像和LandSat8/TIRS影像,通过目视解译方法,提取和分析了图牧吉自然保护区内湖泊水域湿地时空动态变化信息。结果表明:2007年水域湿地面积最小,2013年最大,2007年~2011年变化不明显,2011年~2013年明显增长,2013年~2015年逐年减少,总体上呈现波动变化特征;从空间分布特征来看,图牧吉泡子西北方向明显缩小,头道泡子和二道泡子东北方向扩张较明显,哈达泡子西南方向明显增加,三道泡子具有向四周扩张特征。降水变化是其主要原因之一,气温变化也有一定的影响。同时,人类活动的加剧对湿地生态构成了一定的威胁。 相似文献
8.
武汉都市区绿地破碎化格局对城市扩张的时空响应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于武汉都市区1989年、2001年和2013年三期Landsat影像,选取景观格局指标反映绿地破碎化程度;利用梯度分析刻画绿地破碎度的空间格局及其对城市扩张的时空响应。景观格局指标总体特征表明：在城市扩张压力下,都市区绿地面积比例由82%减少为62%,绿地景观破碎度明显上升。梯度分析表明：1989-2013年,各缓冲带上建设用地比例逐年上升,而绿地面积比呈下降趋势;主城区建设用地破碎度下降,高破碎区向三环线外转移;耕地破碎度在各缓冲带上逐年上升,且随着与城市中心距离的增加,耕地破碎度降低;而林地破碎度略微下降,城市扩张对主城区外土地利用景观影响加剧。关联分析表明：城市扩张强度向主城区外推移加速,耕地破碎度变化强的区域向三环线外转移,而林地破碎度变化强度呈显著的时空分异特征;城市扩张在数量、格局及强度方面与绿地破碎化格局显著关联。研究结果可为研究区的城市规划和生态环境保护提供决策依据。 相似文献
9.
中国近期耕地资源与粮食综合生产能力的变化态势 总被引：78，自引：10，他引：68
该文在分析1996年---2003年我国耕地资源变化格局的基础上,探讨了耕地资源变化对粮食生产的影响,包括耕地面积、粮食播种面积、粮食总产量和粮食单产的年际变化率以及四者之间的相关关系。分析认为,我国耕地的流失呈加剧趋势;粮食播种面积和粮食总产呈下降趋势,且幅度较大;粮食单产变化不大。耕地面积年变化率和粮食播种面积年变化率之间具有一定的相关性;耕地面积年变化率和粮食总产量年变化率之间的相关性并不强;粮食播种面积变化率和粮食产量变化率之间相关性较强,两者的变化基本同步;粮食总产量变化率和粮食单产变化率之间相关性很强,变化趋势基本一致。最后分析了2003年粮食总产量和主要粮食作物产量下降的原因,认为造成总产量下降的主要原因是播种面积的减少,单位面积的生产能力基本未下降,而且粮食品种结构与粮食品质均有了明显改善;生态退耕尽管减少了粮食播种面积,但有助于提高耕地的总体质量,增强粮食综合生产能力;保护和提高单位面积的粮食综合生产能力是保障我国粮食安全的基本战略。 相似文献
10.
1982-2012年南四湖湿地景观格局演变分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
湿地资源具有重大的生产、生态效应。近年来,湿地丧失和退化越发严重,由此带来的生态环境问题自然成为人类关注的热点,湿地研究成为国内外学者研究的前沿领域。本研究以山东省南四湖多时序遥感与土地利用数据为基础,运用遥感和GIS技术,选取斑块密度(PD)、斑块类别面积(CA)、最大斑块指数(LPI)等景观格局指数,对南四湖1982-2012年的湿地景观格局与变化特征进行分析。研究结果表明:①1982年以来,南四湖自然湿地面积逐渐下降,由1982年的118 671.10hm2减少到2012年的69 525.63hm2;而人工湿地的面积逐年增加,2012年人工湿地达93 830.04hm2,南四湖湿地以人工湿地为主,其变化对南四湖湿地的影响较大;②对重要景观指数的计算表明:1982-2012年斑块个数(PD)逐年增加,且增长速度较快,主要是由于人口增长引起的建设用地面积不断增长;斑块平均面积(AREA-MN)在研究时期内呈逐年下降的趋势,说明南四湖湿地的破碎化程度在逐年加剧,人类活动对南四湖的影响越来越大;多样性指数(SHDI)呈波动状上升,说明研究范围内多样性逐年增大;景观均匀度(SHEI)变化不大,说明斑块类型在景观中趋于平衡。湿地景观格局的变化是自然因素和社会因素共同作用的结果,但更主要的原因为人类活动。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献