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1.
管理者的环境领导力和环保认知对企业生态创新决策起到决定性作用。然而,关于管理者的环境领导力能否对生态创新产生影响,究竟产生怎样的影响以及其影响机理至今尚未深入探讨。本文基于自然资源基础理论和领导力理论,从高层管理者认知的角度出发,构建了“环境领导力→高管感知→生态创新行为”的心理决策框架,以更好地解释高管的环境领导力对于不同战略姿态的生态创新（被动式生态创新和主动式生态创新）的影响,以及影响的不同路径。通过对248家制造业企业问卷调查,研究结果表明：环境领导力对主动式生态创新存在显著影响;而对被动式生态创新影响没有通过检验。高管的机会感知在环境领导力与主动式生态创新之间存在部分中介效应;而威胁感知在环境领导力与被动式生态创新行为之间存在完全中介效应。 相似文献
2.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):211-229
This study explores the influences of institutions on high technology start-up innovation in China by taking into account both formal and informal institutions. Our research settings are two high technology parks in Wuxi and Shanghai, respectively. Drawing upon the theoretical lenses of North’s institutional framework and the guanxi literature, we propose an integrative framework to help understand the factors influencing high technology start-up innovation in China. By contrasting different formal institutional settings in Wuxi and Shanghai (in particular, local government interventions), our study shows the positive effect played by local government on innovation and the overarching influence of guanxi. Based on a qualitative research method, nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with the CEOs of high technology start-ups were conducted between August 2009 and September 2010. Additional interviews with government officials and managers of government-owned venture capital funds were performed. We offer evidence to support the dual influence of formal and informal institutions (guanxi). International guanxi triggers government intervention, which in turn facilitates the acquisition of local guanxi. As a multidimensional construct, guanxi has a positive influence on high technology start-up innovation. We contribute to the understanding of the effect of institutions on high technology start-up innovation by disentangling formal and informal institutions. Furthermore, government intervention may have a positive impact on high technology start-up innovation in China, which might shed some light on development in other emerging economies. 相似文献
3.
以当前我国国有企业混合所有制改革为背景，基于沪、深两市2009-2016年间国有制造业上市公司数据，运用最小二乘回归方法，实证考察了政府控制层级对企业费用粘性的影响。研究发现，央企的费用粘性比地方政府控制企业的费用粘性要弱；在此基础上，进一步考察混合所有制改革对不同政府控制层级下企业费用粘性的影响，研究表明，相对于央企，混合所有制改革对地方政府控制企业的费用粘性抑制作用更强。此外，对于进行混合所有制改革的央企而言，在其内外治理机制较差的情况下，混合所有制改革对费用粘性具有显著的抑制效果，而在内外治理机制较好的情况下抑制效果则不明显。本文的研究结论进一步拓宽了费用粘性的研究框架，在一定程度上表明了混合所有制改革对我国国有企业费用粘性居高不下的情况具有抑制作用，同时对市场化进程推进与高管持股比例提升在央企混合所有制改革中所引发的经济后果的认知亦具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
4.
Knowledge is the currency of the current economy and a vital resource for sustaining organisational performance in today’s knowledge-based intensively competitive business environment. To avoid the detrimental consequences of knowledge loss, managers are urged to identify where knowledge stocks exist and how knowledge flows within their organisations by identifying knowledge holders among their employees. Although some studies have attempted to use different methods to measure knowledge at the organisational level, very few have addressed the individual knowledge holder. Moving from a critical literature review of the existing knowledge measurement approaches, this paper proposes a novel framework that enables organisations to measure individual knowledge in the business context using a set of metrics, which are subsequently validated via a series of in-depth interviews with senior managers. A summary of the managers’ views on individual knowledge measurement is presented, and reflections on the industry application of the proposed framework and recommendations for its improvement are also discussed. 相似文献
5.
Andrew H. Wilson 《Research Policy》1974,3(2):202-215
We have just passed the fifth Anniversary of the publication of the Science Council of Canada's first best-seller — its Report No. 4: Towards a National Science Policy for Canada. When it appeared in October 1968, this report created quite a stir. It was the first definitive examination and evaluation of science-policy problems in this country. It helped to establish Canada as one of the countries anxious to improve the effectiveness of domestic scientific and technical activities under the leadership of the senior government. And it added lustre to the Council's own growing reputation.What has happened in the science-policy field in this country since the publication of Report No. 4? What has happened to the philosophy and recommendations set out in the report? What has the Science Council been doing since 1968? These are questions that will be discussed in this article. 相似文献
6.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):199-202
Tim Kastelle is a senior lecturer in innovation management at University of Queensland Business School (UQBS). He is managing editor of Innovation: Management, Policy &; Practice, the leader of the UQBS executive education and MBA innovation programs, and does research and consulting on the topic of management of innovation. John Steen is a senior lecturer in strategy at UQBS. He currently holds an Australian Research Council grant to examine innovation in capital-intensive and project-based firms. He has published in a variety of strategy and innovation journals, but does not refer to any of them when he is talking to managers. 相似文献
7.
Anabel Quan-Haase 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):105-115
This article reviews the body of research on the use and role of instant messaging (IM) in campus life, and how IM is a key part of university students' communication. IM is a synchronous form of communication, and its speed, availability information, and support for multiple conversations have made it appealing for young people. With university students, in particular, showing a heavy reliance on IM, researchers have shown great interest in how university students use IM and how it is integrated in their social and academic life. While studies are emerging in various disciplines, no attempt has been made to integrate the disparate findings and approaches. This article synthesizes key findings, provides a map of the literature, and discusses conceptual problems inherent in the study of IM and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) that will help researchers identify key areas of study and opportunities for future investigation. 相似文献
8.
运用扎根理论,通过编码方式分析R县域电子商务定位情况,分别从政府和企业的视角识别出县域电子商务定位的核心要素,建立一套系统的县域电子商务定位框架,为县域政府相关人员和企业提供关于电子商务发展的可靠建议。 相似文献
9.
R＆D项目选择模型和终止模型的比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Ｒ＆Ｄ项目的选择与终止是Ｒ＆Ｄ管理中的两个重要问题。如何在众多的项目中选择一个或者多个,使其为企业带来最好的回报,最大限度的推动企业的发展,对企业领导和决策层来说是一个重要但又十分棘手的问题。同样,项目的中止也是一个十分棘手的问题,失败的项目往往会拖得很久而毫无结果,这无形中给企业带来了巨大的损失。如何及时的中止某些项目、减少项目的失败给企业带来的损失,是一个值得研究的课题。就项目本身来说,虽然项目的中止对技术的成功或失败影响甚小,但对客户、领导乃至项目小组来说,及时的从中吸取经验教训,则肯定是大有裨益的。文章首先分别给出了Ｒ＆Ｄ项目选择模型和终止模型,然后对这两种模型进行了比较,分析了它们的实质性区别。 相似文献
10.
绿色创新已成为驱动中国制造业转型的重要路径。过度依赖科技政策的外生冲击而忽略企业内生激励机制,容易造成创新平滑失效和公共资源的配置扭曲。本文从财税政策与公司治理双重层面,重点探讨政府补贴与高管激励对企业绿色创新的整合影响。研究显示,薪酬激励的创新补偿效应能够提升财税补贴政策对企业绿色创新的平滑效果;相比之下,声誉激励对财税补贴与绿色创新关系的影响并不显著;薪酬激励与声誉激励的互补关系催生了激励组合的创新补偿效应,在薪酬激励强度适中的条件下,财税补贴能够实现对绿色创新的最优驱动作用。本文能够从公司治理视角揭示财税补贴创新悖论的成因,并为优化政府财税政策和企业创新激励机制,推动中国制造业绿色发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
中国式分权与城市土地出让价格的偏离——以长三角地区城市为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
分析中国式分权制度安排对地方政府土地财政行为以及土地出让价格偏离的影响作用,有助于探寻土地财政和土地出让价格偏离的制度成因.本文首先从理论上阐释了财政分权和政治集权对地方政府土地财政行为及土地出让价格的影响,然后利用1999年-2009年长三角地区的城市面板数据进行了实证检验.结果表明:中国式分权对地方政府的土地财政行为倾向具有显著的激励作用,促使了地方政府扩大土地财政规模.对土地出让价格偏离的影响在于财政分权导致了土地出让价格的正向增长,政治集权导致了工业用地出让价格与商服、住宅用地出让价格之间的偏离.地方政府的土地财政倾向和土地出让价格的偏离与中国式分权制度安排紧密相连,进一步改革对地方政府土地出让行为具有较强激励作用的中国财政分权制度和政治治理体制,将更有利于修正土地出让价格的偏离. 相似文献
12.
《The Information Society》2008,24(2):105-115
This article reviews the body of research on the use and role of instant messaging (IM) in campus life, and how IM is a key part of university students' communication. IM is a synchronous form of communication, and its speed, availability information, and support for multiple conversations have made it appealing for young people. With university students, in particular, showing a heavy reliance on IM, researchers have shown great interest in how university students use IM and how it is integrated in their social and academic life. While studies are emerging in various disciplines, no attempt has been made to integrate the disparate findings and approaches. This article synthesizes key findings, provides a map of the literature, and discusses conceptual problems inherent in the study of IM and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) that will help researchers identify key areas of study and opportunities for future investigation. 相似文献
13.
In this paper a quantitative look is taken at some of the latent conflicts between the Canadian government's changing expectations of university research and the peer review process by which the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the major funder of scientific research in the universities, allocates its resources. Focusing on the granting histories of individual grantees, it is shown that, statistically, an individual's funding level is a function of the period of time over which he has been funded by the Council. Studies of other systems of decision making make these findings unsurprising in that they reflect the incremental outcomes of group decisions. However, the do point to the structural problems inherent in a top-down approach to stimulating research in areas of national need within a system involving diffuse focal points for decision making. If future government funding is to be ensured, it will be important to either clarify expectations in order to take account of the traditional autonomy of research councils or, if need is to be explicitly defined as customer oriented, to explore alternative funding mechanisms. 相似文献
14.
公司高级管理人员离职并带走公司大量人才、客户、信息等资源的现象已成为很多公司的"心头病",对高管人员离职的规制路径也成为各个学科探讨的话题。本文从公司治理、人力资源管理、法律制度和企业文化管理等多个角度对这一问题进行了探讨,提出了制度激励、法律制约和文化影响并举的管理方式。 相似文献
15.
密云水库上游地区“退稻还旱”政策对当地农民生计的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
密云水库是北京市最重要的地表水水源。然而近年来，密云水库的入库径流量逐年减少，给北京市的城市生活供水造成很大的压力。当前，为了增加密云水库的入库径流量，北京市政府和河北省正协商在密云水库上游地区实施“退稻还旱”政策，以增加密云水库入库径流量。本文通过农户调查，定量评估了“退稻还旱”政策将对上游地区农民生计产生的影响。结果表明，如果实施“退稻还旱”政策，在3个典型村对农民生计的影响分别是：在赤城县后城村，实施这一政策农民减少的收入占农民家庭收入的平均比例为3.42%；在赤城县巴图营村，实施这一政策农民减少的收入占农民家庭收入的平均比例为13.27%；在丰宁县胡麻营村，实施这一政策农民减少的收入占农民家庭收入的平均比例为3.40%；从3个村的总体情况来看，实施这一政策农民减少的收入占农民家庭收入的平均比例为4.23%。 相似文献
16.
17.
J.David Roessner 《Research Policy》1984,13(4):235-246
The US Government's experience with programs to accelerate the pace with which new energy technologies are developed and introduced into private markets offers an opportunity to assess alternative commercialization strategies. Analysis of industry and government activities over the 1975–1980 period for three solar technologies revealed that commercialization strategies often did not match the evolutionary status of both the relevant industry and technology involved. Evolutionary models of the development of innovation-based industries were found to provide a useful analytical framework, but were too simple to afford significant predictive or explanatory power. The concept of a “technology delivery system” proved valuable in identifying the degree of match between government commercialization strategies and the status of the relevant industry and technology. For all three solar technologies, there existed pressure on government R&D managers and administrators to push the technologies prematurely to commercialization status. The primary sources of this pressure were elected and appointed officials who sought the political rewards of short-term, highly visible, easily implementable programs. 相似文献
18.
地方政府新增建设用地出让互动影响及区域差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
具有中国特色的地方政府土地出让行为,对中国经济发展举足轻重,其消极影响也广受诟病,因此受到学者广泛关注;其研究视角逐渐从单一地方政府层面上升到地方政府之间的互动影响。本文区分存量建设用地,基于空间计量模型和中国土地市场网2007—2016年279个地级市新增建设用地数据,分析其区域、用途差异,考察地方政府出让新增建设用地的互动影响。主要得出以下研究结论：①地方政府出让新增建设用地存在显著互动影响,并在区域和用途方面存在显著差异;②从区域差异看,地方政府出让新增建设用地的互动影响在东部地区尤其明显;③从用途差异看,地方政府出让新增建设用地的互动影响在商服和工业用途更显著;④按照传统的经济区域划分方法,划分东、中、西、东北等区域分别分析区域内部新增建设用地的互动影响,会导致各个区域的互动影响系数均小于全国整体的平均水平。本文为中央政府调控建设用地扩张提供了更精准的政策抓手,可以优先重点调控：①新增建设用地;②东部地区;③商服和工业用地。本文对未来土地出让互动影响及区域差异的相关研究具有重要的借鉴意义,并指出了下一步切实可行的研究方向。 相似文献
19.
学术界对难以稳定利用的耕地后续利用可能的影响及如何优化利用尚不完全清晰。本文从粮食安全、农民收入和生态影响三维度构建了不稳定耕地后续利用影响量化评价体系,并以甘肃省景泰县为例评估了不稳定耕地后续利用影响。评估结果显示,景泰县不稳定耕地如果退耕会造成地区粮食总产量下降1.29%,农民纯收入下降10.22%,但是继续维持耕种则会带来严重的生态问题。在粮食安全、农民收入和生态影响的前提下,提出了景泰县不稳定耕地后续优化利用建议。在个案经验基础上,区分不稳定耕地不同利用状况,提出了“维持耕种用途”、“工程改造”和“逐步退耕”三种后续处置方式,归纳出一套适用于县级尺度的不稳定耕地后续优化利用分析框架,可为不稳定耕地后续利用管理等实际工作提供参考。 相似文献
20.
我国八大经济区专利结构分布及其变动模式研究 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
本文借鉴国务院发展研究中心划分八大经济区的观点，以八大经济区为分析单元，利用布局系数指标和顺序分布模型，从区域“特化”角度对我国八大经济区专利结构分布、变动的差异和基本特征进行考察，以期为我国科技力量布局优化和区域创新资源整合提供决策依据。 相似文献