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1.
There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation. 相似文献
2.
The present study investigates the relationship between CEO’s information literacy and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Even if information literacy’s business value has been recognized in recent literature, its impact on organizational innovation, a critical and strongly information intensive process, has never been studied before. Structural equation modeling based analysis of data collected from 184 company CEOs in Finland revealed that CEOs’ information literacy has a positive impact on the development of exploratory and exploitative innovations in SMEs. Additionally, opportunity recognition mediates the relationship between information literacy and innovation. Overall, the influence of information literacy is slightly stronger on exploitation than exploration. Nevertheless, the mutual positive effect suggests that information literacy enhances innovation ambidexterity in organizations. Based on these findings, we discuss theoretical and practical implications as well as future research opportunities in workplace information literacy research. 相似文献
3.
构建一个有调节的中介模型,分析组织忘记对企业二元创新平衡的影响,以及战略柔性和企业规模在以上关系中所起的中介和调节作用,并通过271份有效的问卷调查数据进行实证检验。运用SPSSPROCESS宏程序(3.3版本)进行回归分析,发现组织忘记对企业二元创新平衡的直接效应和间接效应同时存在,战略柔性的两个维度-资源柔性和协调柔性在二者之间均起到中介作用,企业规模在组织忘记与战略柔性的两个维度间起着调节作用。研究结果不仅为二元创新平衡的研究开辟了新的视角,同时对中国企业提升二元创新平衡具有现实指导意义。 相似文献
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战略定位是企业管理的核心问题，企业生态位则是战略定位的核心。本研究采用案例研究方法，以联想跨国复杂嵌套型研发组织为研究对象，探索企业生态位演化的规律。本研究深入探讨了企业生态位空间拓展的过程模型，系统讨论了企业生态位的生命周期。同时，本研究揭示了企业生态位空间拓展与生命周期演化的深层次原因--研发组织双元化的复杂嵌套过程的三阶段促进企业生态位演化，所推导的三个演化模式有利于丰富组织双元化理论。研究结论有助于中国等新兴市场企业通过跨国并购，成功实现企业生态位的全球空间拓展，提升其全球持续发展的能力。 相似文献
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To identify how a governance structure leads to ambidexterity at the cluster level, in terms of knowledge management, this study draws on the knowledge -based view of clusters and on ambidexterity literature, thereby exploring an ‘intermediated’ cluster model of ambidexterity. Our aim is to explore the governance structure’s role and priorities in terms of knowledge management, as well as the underlying operational actions and programmes implemented to achieve cluster ambidexterity. Qualitative research, based on interviews with members of two French clusters, reveals that their governance structure is a crucial intermediary organisation that supports cluster ambidexterity. The results emphasise the role of governance structures for two types of ambidexterity in small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) clusters: First, SMEs may specialise in exploitative or exploratory knowledge, and the governance structure provides the missing knowledge (intermediated specialised model). Second, cluster governance may help each firm become ambidextrous (intermediated dual model). This study outlines the specificities of the two models and their contingency factors, which offer interesting implications, especially for policymakers devoted to innovation and clusters. 相似文献
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个体二元行为的心理认知基础一直学界期待解释的重要问题。基于“特质-环境-行为”交互作用框架，实证检验了研发创新人员的二元心智模式作为一种高阶变量构成在特定网络环境下对其二元创新行为的影响。采用结构方程模型和阶层分析法，对71家中高科技企业的463名研发人员进行了问卷调查，发现由自我效能、互惠信念和创新思维交互作用产生的二元心智模式正向激励员工二元创新行为。回归分析显示员工关系网络的知识异质性正向调节二元心智模式对探索式创新行为的影响、负向调节对开发式创新行为的影响。通过高阶因子模型印证了二元心智模式的理论价值；最后探讨了用心智模式解释个体二元性心理认知基础的充分意义。 相似文献
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为厘清技术推动力和市场拉动力对于科技型小微企业破坏性创新的影响机理,本研究基于技术和市场领域中探索与利用的组合分别探讨了单一探索、单一利用、技术双元、市场双元、技术开发和市场开发六种可能的双元性组合策略对科技型小微企业低端破坏性创新和新市场破坏性创新的影响。通过对佛山地区364家科技型小微企业的调查研究,实证分析结果显示基于“技术利用×市场利用”组合的单一利用策略和基于“技术探索×市场利用”组合的技术开发策略对科技型小微企业的低端破坏性创新具有显著的正向影响;而基于“技术利用×市场探索”组合的市场开发策略和基于“技术探索×市场探索”组合的单一探索策略对于科技型小微企业的新市场破坏性创新具有显著的正向影响。 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(3):128-141
This study identifies relevant innovations and discusses value creation in the aviation industry between 2000 and 2019. Aviation experts with experience in innovation were selected and invited to complete a survey identifying the leading innovations in the industry. This study contributes to recent aviation history by offering a list of innovations and a discussion of technological path dependency and value proposition with examples. This overview is helpful to academics and practitioners to verify how these innovations have shaped the industry worldwide, making it more efficient, agile, sustainable, and safe. The innovations selected comprise consolidated technologies and emerging advances introduced in the timeframe proposed. 33 innovations primarily related to incremental and technical typologies that add value to products were mapped. In addition, this study provides insightful findings by classifying the value created for the aviation sector into five innovation clusters: (1) aircraft technology, adding value in terms of efficiency and sustainability; (2) innovation in passenger services, creating more personalized services and enhancing the customer experience; (3) innovation in flying, adding value in terms of safety and the security environment; (4) business and operational management, improving procedures and revenue; (5) and general applications, adding value in terms of Aviation 4.0 (increases in automation and data exchange, including cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things (IOT) and cloud computing). 相似文献
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In this case study, a collaborative risk method for information security management has been analyzed considering the common problems encountered during the implementation of ISO standards in eight Turkish public organizations. This proposed risk method has been applied within different public organizations and it has been demonstrated to be effective and problem-free. The fundamental issue is that there is no legislation that regulates the information security liabilities of the public organizations in Turkey. The findings and lessons learned presented in this case provide useful insights for practitioners when implementing information security management projects in other international public sector organizations. 相似文献
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以广州市三甲医院科研团队为研究对象,基于医学项目的独特特征,构建提升医学科研项目双元绩效的战略框架,探讨医学团队知识动态能力与医学科研项目双元绩效之间的关系.212份问卷的调查结果表明,知识动态能力(感知、构建与重构能力)显著正向影响医学科研项目双元绩效;但项目复杂性在两者之间的调节作用却显著不同,对医学科研项目的公益性绩效呈正向调节,而对经济性绩效却呈显著的负向调节作用.在理论上,本文识别出医学科研项目的经济性与公益性双元绩效指标,并验证公益性绩效的重要性.在实践上,建议科研项目拟资助单位应重视医学项目的公益性绩效,科研项目拟立项单位应重视发展医学科研团队的知识动态能力,医学团队在科学研究上以满足公众健康需求为宗旨. 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨组织双元化构筑竞争优势的过程、特征与原因。本文以联想研发组织为案例研究对象,打开了中国研发组织双元化构筑竞争优势的"黑箱",揭示了其构筑过程、特征、结果与演化路径,总结了组织双元化演化的过程模型,并从外部利益相关者——全球化竞争对手并购的角度,分析了复杂嵌套组织的双元化促进"以小并大"企业的融合,补充与丰富了组织双元化的理论体系,弥补了现有研究忽略企业外部利益相关者视角的不足。研究发现联想全球化成功的原因在于其复杂嵌套组织的双元化,并由此获得了竞争优势。本文也分析了联想吸收能力单极化的问题。实践意义在于指导中国企业通过研发组织双元化,获得可持续发展的创新能力与竞争优势。 相似文献
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Sara Torregrosa-Hetland Antti Pelkonen Juha Oksanen Astrid Kander 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1373-1384
While the role played by the state in stimulating innovation in the private sector has been a prevalent interest in innovation research, studies analysing the impacts of public interventions have usually focused on individual policies, programs or projects. Public stimulation is hence often studied from a relatively restricted and temporarily confined perspective, leaving a macro-level and longer-term perspective unrecognized. This article provides further evidence on the matter by examining how many innovations in Finland and Sweden have been publicly stimulated through funding or research collaboration, over a period of more than four decades (1970–2013). Our main source is a new innovation database constructed following the Literature Based Innovation Output (LBIO) method, which gathers the most significant innovations of both countries for the study period, totalling approximately 4100 Swedish and 2600 Finnish innovations. Our results indicate that the public sector has played a very prominent role in stimulating private innovation in both countries, and with an increasing trend. This is especially true for Finland, where 35–55% of the innovations of the period have been stimulated by public funding and 25–65% by collaboration with public research. In Sweden, the share of publicly stimulated innovations has been somewhat lower and erratic, but has increased over time. 相似文献
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Diana Crane 《Research Policy》1977,6(4):374-395
The recent literature on the role of science and technology in developing countries is reviewed in order to assess the extent of our current knowledge concerning the sociological factors affecting the development of indigenous scientific and technological innovations. Existing studies provide some preliminary evidence in favor of the hypothesis that inadequate linkages between institutions in the various sectors of developing societies inhibit the development and utilization of indigenous technological innovations.In general, relationships between government research organizations and the potential users of their technological innovations are absent or unsatisfactory. Academic research tends to be oriented toward the interests of the international scientific community. The substantial literature on the problems of indigenous technological transfer in India suggests that inadequate coordination between different sectors of that society is in part responsible for its failure to develop its potential for technological innovation.Recent attempts to stimulate the production and diffusion of indigenous technology in developing countries by creating new types of research institutes in the university and coordinating agencies in the government are discussed. Systematic evaluations of these programs are lacking, but coordinating agencies have often performed poorly because of insufficient power to influence the policies of other organizations.A sociological approach based on interorganizational analysis is suggested for future studies of this problem. This literature identifies the optimal characteristics of coordinating organizations at the government level and of research utilizations systems which link research organizations to their clients at the local level.A bibliography comprising 102 references classified by region is included. 相似文献
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As a core organizational resource, business processes are vital for organizational teams. To deal with today’s volatile business environment, organizations need to be ambidextrous in terms of process capabilities. However, little is known about how process ambidexterity, process standardization, and process agility, are enabled by information technology (IT) and related to team-level activities. To fill this gap in the literature, we conducted a field study based on 160 teams of 1081 individuals from seven companies in South Korea. Our results show that IT enables both process standardization and agility, and that a team’s process ambidexterity has a positive effect on inter-team coordination and team innovation, which in turn have a direct impact on team performance. Our findings highlight the importance of process ambidexterity by investigating the enabling role of IT and its outcomes in a team. Our results offer theoretical and practical implications from the perspective of team process ambidexterity. 相似文献
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Keichi Oshima 《Research Policy》1984,13(5):285-301
As a background to the development of Japanese industry, important characteristics of its technological innovations and industrial research are discussed. The parrticular nature of Japanese development, if any, should be explained by the fact that from the start of industrialization by the Meiji Government, technological innovation was pursued as an integrated process from the outset, including important facets such as education, technology transfer, indigenous research, development, commercialization, and diffusion of technology and products.The integrated approach was a natural consequence of the effort of late-coming Japanese industry and the government to catch up with the already highly developed industries abroad. However, the world-wide trend after World War II for technological innovations to take place on an increasingly large scale, required an integrated approach. This favoured the break-through of Japanese industries, especially in the economic environment of high growth in the 1960s.Industrialization in the Meiji Era. technological development of Japanese industry in the post-war period, the characteristics of industrial research which supported development and new innovations in the 1980s are described.It is concluded that the industrial policy of the government in promoting a broad economic and social background for innovation and the activities of innovative enterprises in the private sector have been the two major activities which worked together to achieve the present state of Japanese industry. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):225-242
Abstract Progress towards realizing the full potential of ‘e‐government’—using digital technologies to improve public services and government–citizen engagements—has been slower and less effective than the technologies’ take‐up in spheres such as e‐commerce. Evidence from across Europe reported here, including an online survey and case studies, indicates a significant reason has been an overly narrow focus on substituting electronic for traditional services. Theoretical and empirical perspectives on barriers to e‐government identified (e.g. poor coordination; workplace and organizational inflexibility) suggest greater attention should be given to supporting organization innovations to achieve maximum benefits from networking in the public sector. 相似文献
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第三部门与政府部门的关系模式及实践发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在我国,第三部门的发展明显滞后,其主要原因在于第三部门与政府组织的关系错位。从公共物品的供给效率来分析,可以看到政府将公共物品供给的权力转交给第三部门是资源优化配置。而这也需要政府保持第三部门的独立性。同时社会力量的壮大奠定了第三部门的基础,最终两者形成"生产者—消费者"模式。在这种模式下,从资金支持、法律建设和社会文化建设三个方面提出政府如何促进第三部门的发展,使第三部门在我国经济社会文化建设上发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
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基于动态能力理论,借鉴"投入-过程-产出"范式,本文构建了"组织控制--组织双元--组织创造力"的概念模型,分析了三者之间的作用关系。运用283份有效问卷,对所提出的研究假设进行了验证。研究结果表明,组织双元的联合对于组织创造力的提升具有积极的促进作用,在资源有限的条件下,过分强调组织的双元学习平衡反而不利于组织创造力的发展;结果控制和过程控制不仅对组织创造力具有直接的正向影响,而且会通过组织双元平衡和双元联合对组织创造力产生不同的影响。研究结论对于指导我国中小企业的创造战略实施具有一定的实践意义。 相似文献
20.
论民间组织在公共治理中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
民间组织作为当代公共治理的一支重要力量,在政治、经济、社会领域发挥着作用,充分发挥民间组织在公共治理中的功能与作用已成为时代发展的必然要求。这就要求政府加大对民间组织的支持,推动民间组织的健康发展;民间组织也应加强自律,以更好地参与公共治理,从而形成政府与民间组织的良好互动,实现公共治理主体的多元化。 相似文献