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1.
Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely： inhalation and ingestion, ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system, heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil （total or bioavailable concentration） that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include： soil type which includes soil pH, organic matter content, clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition, the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals, thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity. 相似文献
2.
Heavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agriculture. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, in which, microbial populations are known to affect heavy metal mobility and availability to the plant through release of chelating agents, acidification, phosphate solubilization and redox changes, and therefore, have potential to enhance phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation strategies with appropriate heavy metal-adapted rhizobacteria have received more and more attention. This article paper reviews some recent advances in effect and significance of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. There is also a need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transfer and mobilization of heavy metals by rhizobacteria and to conduct research on the selection of microbial isolates from rhizosphere of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils for specific restoration programmes. 相似文献
3.
Heavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agriculture. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, in which, microbial populations are known to affect heavy metal mobility and availability to the plant through release of chelating agents, acidification, phosphate solubilization and redox changes, and therefore, have potential to enhance phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation strategies with appropriate heavy metal-adapted rhizobacteria have re-ceived more and more attention. This article paper reviews some recent advances in effect and significance of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. There is also a need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms in-volved in the transfer and mobilization of heavy metals by rhizobacteria and to conduct research on the selection of microbial isolates from rhizosphere of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils for specific restoration programmes. 相似文献
4.
Daqing Wetland was contaminated by heavy metals for holding lots of industrial and domestic waste water. Due to their high stability and non-degradation, heavy metals are possible to gather in human body through the food chain and then threaten health. Water samples were collected from Longfeng Wetland and lake marshes in the vicinity of Daqing City. The contents of heavy metals （Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni） were determined, and the contamination degrees were evaluated simultaneously. The results indicate that heavy metals of Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pd have contaminated the Longfeng Wetland severely. In addition the concentrations of Cr and Cd in some lakes around oil wells are excessively high, and have overrun the grade V based on the threshold values of surface water given by the National Environmental Protection Agency of China. Some measures have to be taken to tackle heavy metal contamination of Longfeng Wetland and lake marshes in Daqing City. 相似文献
5.
刘丹萍 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2013,33(3):4-6
重金属是引起水体污染的重要因素,将对环境及社会生活带来灾难性后果.综述目前水体中重金属检测所使用的一些技术手段.着重介绍电化学方法在检测水体中重金属离子的原理、方法和该法的优势特点. 相似文献
6.
重金属的开采和冶炼不仅破坏生态平衡,而且严重威胁人类的健康。以毕节地区2个铅锌矿为研究对象,采用现场采样、室内分析的方法,调查研究了该地区土壤及优势植物中重金属含量。结果表明：研究区土壤主要受到Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属污染,其中,Cd污染最为严重,Pb、Zn为轻度污染。优势植物重金属含量测定表明,野艾蒿属于重金属富集型植物,苦苣菜属于规避型植物,马刺蓟属于根部囤积型植物。以上几种优势植物对重金属均具有一定的耐性,可以作为铅锌矿区弃地植物修复的优选物种。 相似文献
7.
Physico-chemical characterization of a farmland affected by wastewater in relation to heavy metals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Emmanuel U. ONWEREMADU 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(3):366-372
This study investigated selected properties of soils affected by wastewater and its relationship with some heavy metals A free survey technique involving target sampling was used in siting soil profile pits. Soil samples were collected based on horizon differentiation and analyzed using routine and special analytical techniques. Soil data were subjected to correlation analysis using SAS program. Results show that all heavy metals studied had values above critical limits in the polluted soils using known standards and that these biotoxic metals decreased with soil depths. Highly significant （P=0.01 and 0.05） relationships were established between investigated heavy metals and some soil properties, especially soil pH and organic matter. Further studies involving more edaphic properties, biotoxic metals and their bioaccessibility in crops growing on wastewater soils will surely enhance knowledge and management of these highly anthropogenically influenced soils of the study site. 相似文献
8.
河南大学校园土壤中主要重金属状况及其评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以河南大学校园的绿地、教学和生活区土壤中重金属和微量元素为研究对象,分析并评价了校园土壤中全量铜、锌、镍、铅、铬和有效态铜、锌、铁、锰、硼、钼的分布状况,污染程度及丰缺水平.结果发现:校园土壤除了锌污染严重之外,几乎没有重金属污染或重金属污染程度较低,并且重金属含量在绿地、教学和生活区存在一定的差异,表现出一定的随土地利用方式不同而变化的特点. 相似文献
9.
重金属的排放造成了严重的环境问题。而消除重金属污染成为世界性的难题．有关研究结果表明。虽然重金属污染对植物有毒害作用，但是某些特殊植物具有从污染环境中吸收、转移以及积累重金属的潜能。从而修复土壤和水体等环境中的重金属污染．植物修复技术的出现虽然有很好的应用前景，但仍存在一些问题。 相似文献
10.
ZHANG Ming-kui ZHENG Shun-an 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(11):1808-1815
Soils can often be contaminated simultaneously by more than one heavy metal. The sorption-desorption behavior of a metal in a soil will be affected by the presence of other metals. Therefore, selective retention and competitive adsorption of the soils to heavy metals can affect their availability and movement through the soils. In this study, the simultaneous competitive adsorption of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) on ten agricultural soils collected from the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas, China was assessed. The results showed that the competition affected the behavior of heavy metal cations in such a way that the soils adsorbed less Cd and Hg, and more Pb and Cu with increasing total metal concentrations, regardless of the molar concen- tration applied. As the applied concentrations increased, Pb and Cu adsorption increased, while Cd and Hg adsorption decreased. The adsorption sequence most found was Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. The maximum adsorption capacity for the heavy metal cations was calculated, and affected markedly by soil properties. The results suggest that Hg and Cd have higher mobility associated to the lower adsorption and that Pb and Cu present the opposite behavior. Significant correlations were found between the maximum adsorption capacity of the metals and pH value and exchangeable acid, suggesting that soil pH and exchangeable acid were key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the agricultural soils. 相似文献
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巴夫金藻耐受Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)毒害作用的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
[目的]研究单胞藻对重金属离子毒害的耐受性,为生物去污提供依据。[方法]分别用不同浓度(c=1～150mg/L)Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)处理巴夫金藻(Monochrysis lutheri),观察了重金属离子对其生长的影响;用微量减压法研究毒害抑制呼吸作用;用ICP法研究毒害抑制下重金属离子的富集。[结果]①2种离子的毒性强度的顺序为Cu~(2+)>Cd~(2+);②Cu~(2+)对生长的抑制较强,其EC_(50)(72h)为15.0mg/L;Cd~(2+)对生长的抑制较弱,其EC_(50)(72h)为75mg/L;③在EC_(50)毒害浓度下,毒害组均提前进入生长静止期,缩短了种群生长周期;呼吸作用先增强后降低;④在EC_(50)毒害浓度下,单胞藻对Cu~(2+)的富集量为6866.1mg·kg~(-1),对Cd~(2+)的富集量678.25mg·kg~(-1)。[结论]巴夫金藻具有较强的耐受重金属离子毒害能力,耐受顺序为Cd~(2+)相似文献
13.
综合土壤重金属污染评价的单因子综合指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和地积累指数法的优点,以重金属含量平均值、毒性指标、变异系数和相关性四个因素建立层次分析结构图,通过构造成对比较矩阵,计算出了单因子综合指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和地积累指数法三种方法在土壤重金属污染评价中的综合权重,利用综合权重对土壤重金属的污染程度进行了排序和评估。 相似文献
14.
目的:研究成都、镇江、太原、天津4城市的成人膳食和血液中主要重金属的差异以及相关性。方法:用ICP-MS、双道原子荧光光度计测定膳食和血液中的5种重金属元素的浓度,并对重金属元素在城市间的差异以及血液与膳食中重金属的关系进行了统计分析。结果:4城市的成人膳食和血液中重金属含量差异有统计学意义,成都、镇江的膳食重金属含量高于太原、天津,但血液中的重金属含量成都、太原高于天津、镇江;血液中Cd、As分别与膳食中Cd、As的相关有统计学意义;除膳食中Hg与As的比值外,4城市成人血液、膳食中重金属比值差异均有统计学意义,血液与膳食间的多数重金属元素比值相关有统计学意义。结论:4城市成人膳食、血液中重金属含量差异一定程度上反映了城市环境的差异;膳食是血液中Cd、As重要来源,而血液中Cu、Hg、Pb可能与空气污染有关;重金属比值可能是反映血液和膳食中重金属间关系,以及环境污染状况的更好指标。 相似文献
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以宿州煤矿区为例,通过现场采样和室内试验测定,探讨了土壤-豆类作物系统中重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd和Mn的含量特征及富集状况,并利用潜在生态风险指数和健康风险模型对土壤及农作物的安全风险水平进行了评估,结果表明:矿区农田土壤中Cd严重超标,导致土壤潜在生态风险达到强等级程度;豆类作物对土壤中各重金属元素的富集系数依次为ZnCuCdMnPbCr,大豆与绿豆相比,更易于吸收Cu、Pb、Cd和Mn,而对Zn和Cr的富集能力稍弱;两种日均摄食量情境下,豆类作物的重金属致癌危害风险以Cr最高,风险值超出ICRP和USEPA的最大可接受风险水平,而非致癌危害风险以Cu最高,风险值高于HCEPD的可忽略风险水平。 相似文献
17.
Lin Tang Wei-jun Luo Zhen-li He Hanumanth Kumar Gurajala Yasir Hamid Kiran Yasmin Khan Xiao-e Yang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(2):147-158
Vegetables are important constituents of the human diet. Heavy metals and nitrate are among the major contaminants of vegetables. Consumption of vegetables and fruits with accumulated heavy metals and nitrate has the potential to damage different body organs leading to unwanted effects. Breeding vegetables with low heavy metal and nitrate contaminants is a cost-effective approach. We investigated 38 water spinach genotypes for low Cd and nitrate co-accumulation. Four genotypes, i.e. JXDY, GZQL, XGDB, and B888, were found to have low co-accumulation of Cd (<0.71 mg/kg dry weight) and nitrate (<3100 mg/kg fresh weight) in the edible parts when grown in soils with moderate contamination of both Cd (1.10 mg/kg) and nitrate (235.2 mg/kg). These genotypes should be appropriate with minimized risk to humans who consume them. The Cd levels in the edible parts of water spinach were positively correlated with the concentration of Pb or Zn, but Cd, Pb, or Zn was negatively correlated with P concentration. These results indicate that these three heavy metals may be absorbed into the plant in similar proportions or in combination, minimizing the influx to aerial parts. Increasing P fertilizer application rates appears to prevent heavy metal and nitrate translocation to shoot tissues and the edible parts of water spinach on co-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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在赣南18个脐橙产区县(市),根据不同土壤类型,选择具有代表性的果园约90个作为取样果园,采用BCR法对土壤样品的土壤重金属的形态进行分析,研究果园土壤中不同重金属元素的形态分布特征.结果表明:赣南脐橙果园土壤中生物有效性重金属形态含量所占比例从高到低依次为:Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr,同时,重金属元素Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn和Pb在不同类型土壤中的含量和形态分布规律基本一致,且均以残渣态为主,五种重金属元素的潜在环境风险都较小. 相似文献
19.
南京市城郊零散菜地土壤及青菜中重金属含量特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
丁爱芳 《南京晓庄学院学报》2003,19(4):28-31
采集了南京市城郊零散菜地土壤和青菜配对样品各18个,用原子吸收光谱仪测定了其中铜、锌、铅、镉的含量,结果表明:南京市城郊菜地土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd全量高于农区菜地土壤,Cu、Zn达到显著差异,重金属含量在土样之间有较大的变异性,反映了人为活动已对南京城郊土壤重金属产生了明显影响。城郊土壤上种植的青菜其可食部分重金属含量高于农区,尤其是对人体健康影响较大的Pb、Cd含量与农区相比存在显著差异,大大超过国家食品卫生标准。 相似文献
20.
以调查宿州市土壤的重金属污染状况数据为基础,按照有关标准和方法,对宿州市土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:宿州市土壤中Cu,Zn,Cr,Cd,Hg,Pb,As 7种重金属含量都存在着一定幅度的变化,矿区土壤单因子污染指数Hg,Cr为重度污染、Cd,As轻度污染水平,耕地除Hg,Cr有部分超标外,其他重金属含量均达标;28.57%的土壤属于安全等级,32.86%的土壤属于警戒线,7.14%的土壤属于轻污染,2.86%的土壤属于中污染,28.57%的土壤属于重污染;67.14%的土壤属于低风险等级,5.71%的土壤属于中等风险等级,强风险等级土壤占15.72%,很强风险等级土壤占11.43%,而属于强风险、很强风险等级土壤都是矿区土壤,耕地均属于低风险等级;土壤中7种重金属对污染的贡献大小顺序为:Hg>Cr>Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb. 相似文献