共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic member of the alphaherpes virus family, is among the most prevalent and successful human pathogens. HSV-1 can cause serious diseases at every stage of life including fatal disseminated disease in newborns, cold sores, eye disease, and fatal encephalitis in adults. HSV-1 infection can trigger rapid immune responses, and efficient inhibition and clearance of HSV-1 infection rely on both the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host. Multiple strategies have been used to restrict host innate immune responses by HSV-1 to facilitate its infection in host cells. The adaptive immunity of the host plays an important role in inhibiting HSV-1 infections. The activation and regulation of T cells are the important aspects of the adaptive immunity. They play a crucial role in host-mediated immunity and are important for clearing HSV-1. In this review, we examine the findings on T cell immune responses during HSV-1 infection, which hold promise in the design of new vaccine candidates for HSV-1. 相似文献
2.
Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),a human gammaherpesvirus carried by more than 90% of the world’s population,is associated with malignant tumors such as Burkitt’s lymphoma(BL),Hodgkin lymphoma,post-transplant lymphoma,extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma,and nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas in immune-compromised patients.In the process of infection,EBV faces challenges:the host cell environment is harsh,and the survival and apoptosis of host cells are precisely regulated.Only when host cells receive sufficient survival signals may they immortalize.To establish efficiently a lytic or long-term latent infection,EBV must escape the host cell immunologic mechanism and resist host cell apoptosis by interfering with multiple signaling pathways.This review details the apoptotic pathway disrupted by EBV in EBV-infected cells and describes the interactions of EBV gene products with host cellular factors as well as the function of these factors,which decide the fate of the host cell.The relationships between other EBV-encoded genes and proteins of the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma(Bcl) family are unknown.Still,EBV seems to contribute to establishing its own latency and the formation of tumors by modifying events that impact cell survival and proliferation as well as the immune response of the infected host.We discuss potential therapeutic drugs to provide a foundation for further studies of tumor pathogenesis aimed at exploiting novel therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated diseases. 相似文献
3.
The immune system protects our bodies against infections and cancers. This review introduce readers to the thymus – a primary lymphoid organ – which is the site of development and maturation of functional T lymphocytes. Progenitor stem cells arise from the bone marrow and undergo sequential development in the thymus where non-self-reactive T cells are selected. Subsequently, post selection and maturation, the mature T cells exit the thymus as naïve T cells into the peripheral lymph nodes. Studies on the thymus are likely to enhance our understanding of T cell development and reduce disease burdens by improving the cellular immune response. 相似文献
4.
Ying Shan Zi-qi Liu Guo-wei Li Cong Chen Hao Luo Ya-jie Liu Xun-hui Zhuo Xing-fen Shi Wei-huan Fang Xiao-liang Li 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(7):570-580
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diseases in pigs and result in enormous economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. Previous studies revealed that PEDV exhibits an obvious capacity for modulating interferon (IFN) signaling or expression. The newly discovered type III IFN, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, has strong antiviral activity against PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein on type III IFN-λ. We found that the N proteins of ten PEDV strains isolated between 2013 and 2017 from different local farms shared high nucleotide identities, while the N protein of the CV777 vaccine strain formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. The N protein of the epidemic strain could antagonize type III IFN, but not type I or type II IFN expression induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) in IPEC-J2 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the inhibition of poly(I:C)- induced IFN-λ3 production by PEDV N protein was dependent on the blocking of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. These findings might help increase understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV and its mechanisms for evading the host immune response. 相似文献
5.
Ri-sheng Que Cheng Lin Guo-ping Ding Zheng-rong Wu Li-ping Cao 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(5):352-360
Background
Tumor-derived exosomes were considered to be potential candidates for tumor vaccines because they are abundant in immune-regulating proteins, whereas tumor exosomal miRNAs may induce immune tolerance, thereby having an opposite immune function.Objective
This study was designed to separate exosomal protein and depleted exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), increasing the immune activity of exosomes for activating dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells (DC/CIKs) against pancreatic cancer (PC).Methods
PC-derived exosomes (PEs) were extracted from cultured PANC-1 cell supernatants and then ruptured; this was followed by ultrafiltered exosome lysates (UELs). DCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PE, and UEL, followed by co-culture with CIKs. The anti-tumor effects of DC/CIKs against PC were evaluated by proliferation and killing rates, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and perforin secretion. Exosomal miRNAs were depleted after lysis and ultrafiltration, while 128 proteins were retained, including several immune-activating proteins.Results
UEL-stimulated DC/CIKs showed a higher killing rate than LPS- and PE-stimulated DC/CIKs.Conclusions
miRNA-depleted exosome proteins may be promising agonists for specifically activating DC/CIKs against PC.6.
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)是肿瘤微环境中比例最高的免疫细胞,对肿瘤的发生和发展起着重要的作用。在肿瘤的进展过程中,microRNA可以通过转录后调控的方式作用于多种靶点与信号通路来影响TAM的表型。本文主要讨论了microRNA对巨噬细胞分化、功能性极化和细胞间信息交流的调控作用。首先,microRNA参与了从髓样细胞向成熟巨噬细胞的分化过程,这一过程直接影响了肿瘤微环境中肿瘤细胞对巨噬细胞的招募。其次,microRNA参与了TAM的功能极化,使之表现为促癌或抑癌表型,影响了肿瘤的生长和转移。第三,肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞间的相互作用对肿瘤微环境的形成和肿瘤的进展而言是必要的,microRNA可以通过胞外颗粒的形式作为交流的媒介。此外,本文还讨论了巨噬细胞相关microRNA作为肿瘤诊断和预后标志物的潜在价值,以及基于巨噬细胞相关microRNA的肿瘤治疗新策略的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
How is the immune system designed to choose between making antibodies against some targets, killer cells against viral infections and helper cells for infected macrophages? 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨啤酒酵母菌对白色念珠菌感染的影响作用及机制.方法:用啤酒酵母免疫家兔后,经家兔耳的皮下注射白色念珠菌,建立播散性念珠菌病动物感染模型,观察啤酒酵母菌免疫组和对照组家兔的感染状况;通过测定抗体效价和巨噬细胞吞噬功能,了解啤酒酵母的免疫效果.结果:观察显示:①免疫组兔耳皮下注射区红肿面积明显小于对照组;②肾脏充血及肿胀程度免疫组小于对照组,同时,对照组肾脏出现肉眼可见的脓肿灶;③病理诊断显示,免疫组炎性细胞浸润范围小;④免疫组抗体效价明显高于对照组,吞噬百分率与吞噬指数,免疫组与对照组有明显差异(P<0.01).结论:啤酒酵母能够提高机体免疫功能,减轻白色念珠菌的局部感染及全身感染. 相似文献
9.
Mukta Deobagkar-Lele Chetana Bhaskarla Rajkumar Dhanaraju Manikandan Ponnusamy Dipankar Nandi 《Resonance》2012,17(10):974-995
The 2011 Nobel Prize inMedicine or Physiology was awarded to Jules Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler and Ralph Steinman for their contributions in the area of Innate Immunity. This review introduces the readers to innate immunity and links the studies of the awardees to this area of research. The cells and mechanisms involved in the innate immune response are reviewed with a special emphasis on the discovery of the Toll receptors in Drosophila and the Toll-like receptors in mammals. The importance of the innate response during inflammatory conditions is discussed and examples of genes related to innate immunity that cause disease are also highlighted. Finally, the roles of innate immunity in modulating adaptive immune response, especially with respect to dendritic cells, are discussed. Further studies in this area are likely to enhance our understanding of the immune response and may lead to drugs to ameliorate excessive inflammatory responses. 相似文献
10.
目的研究临床呼吸道感染病原菌的分布和耐药性。方法对2005年1月-2006年12月襄樊市中心医院门诊和住院部送检的呼吸道感染痰标本进行细菌培养和鉴定,分离出病原菌536株,并按照NCCLS标准用K-B法对临床肺部感染患者分离的病原菌进行药物敏感试验。结果共从1327份合格痰液标本中检出536株病原菌,以革兰阴性杆菌居首位,占66.04%,对亚胺培南的耐药性最低;革兰阳性菌占33.96%,对万古霉素100%敏感。结论:引起呼吸道感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且耐药菌株逐年增加,铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是引起呼吸道感染的主要细菌,且其耐药性严重,合理使用抗生素对有效控制呼吸道感染和避免越来越多的耐药菌株出现尤为关键。临床上有呼吸道感染证候的可疑患者,应做痰液标本的细菌培养和药物敏感性试验,以避免在临床上盲目用药。 相似文献
11.
Lang QL Zhou XC Zhang XL Drabek R Zuo ZX Ren YL Li TB Chen JS Gao XL 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(2):116-125
A large number of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are now documented in the miRBase, among which only 30 are for Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Clearly, there is a far-reaching need to identify and profile the expression of miRNAs in this important crop under
various physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we used an in situ synthesized custom microarray of plant
miRNAs to examine the expression and temporal presence of miRNAs in the leaves of tomato plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Following computational sequence homology search and hairpin structure prediction, we identified three novel tomato
miRNA precursor genes. Our results also show that, in accordance with the phenotype of the developing leaves, the tomato miRNAs
are differentially expressed at different stages of plant development and that CMV infection can induce or suppress the expression
of miRNAs as well as up-regulate some star miRNAs (miRNA*s) which are normally present at much lower levels. The results indicate
that developmental anomalies elicited by virus infection may be caused by more complex biological processes. 相似文献
12.
Xin-chun Zhang Xin Yu Hui-juan Zhang Feng-ming Song 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(10):731-739
We cloned and characterized a rice gene OsBIABPI encoding an AMP-binding protein. The full-length cDNA of OsBIABP1 is 1912-bp long and is predicted to encode a 558-aa protein. OsBIABP1 contains a typical AMP-binding signature motif and shows high similarity to members of AMP-binding protein family. OsBIABP1 is expressed in stems, leaves and flowers of rice plants, but is not expressed, or expressed at a very low level, in rice roots. The expression of OsBIABP1 was induced by some defense-related signal molecules, e.g., salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole, jasmonic acid (JA), and 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which mediate SA-and JA/ethylene (ET)-dependent defense signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of OsBIABP1 is activated by the infection of Magnaporthe oryzae, and the induced expression is quicker and stronger during early stages of pathogenesis in incompatible interaction than that in compatible interaction between rice and M. oryzae. Our results suggest that OsBIABP1 may be a defense-related AMP-binding protein that is involved in the regulation of defense re-sponse through SA and/or JA/ET signaling pathways. 相似文献
13.
Li-qin Wang Yu He Hao-fang Wan Hui-fen Zhou Jie-hong Yang Hai-tong Wan 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(7):586-596
This study investigated the protective effect of the compatibility of hypaconitine (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on H9c2 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury, and the possible mechanisms. We found that HA+GA significantly improved pathology and morphology of the nucleus and ultrastructure of H9c2 cells under OGD as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tests. It also reduced the releases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme (CK-MB), and aspartate transaminase (AST) from the cultured supernatant of H9c2 cells, which were tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, it lessened the apoptotic rate as determined by a fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V/propidium iodide (FITC-AV/PI) double staining assay. It was also found that HA+GA might regulate the protein expression associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, the study demonstrated that HA+GA protected H9c2 cells against OGD-induced injury, and the signaling mechanism might be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. 相似文献
14.
目的通过统计与分析泌尿系统感染性病原菌的构成比,评价其检测方法,为有效地控制医院感染提供参考依据。方法查阅近年来国内医药类核心期刊等杂志上报道的相关数据,进行统计学处理与综合分析。结果所分析的11种病原菌是泌尿系统感染性常见病原菌,其中以大肠埃希菌的构成比最高;培养检查法是诊断泌尿系统感染的金标准。结论大肠埃希菌是医院感染最常见的条件致病菌,需认真加以控制。对其他病原菌的控制也不容忽视。培养检查法是诊断泌尿系统感染的金标准,不可用其他方法取代。 相似文献
15.
应用溶血素测定方法检测润神口服液对小鼠抗体产生的影响,发现2号口服液比1号口服液有更好稳定体液免疫功能的作用,并且能使雌鼠有效拮抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制作用(P<0.05)。伴随该实验的饮食测定,以及自然感染死亡率的观察、体力增强测定、常压耐缺氧试验等佐证资料说明,2号口服液确有“扶正固本”的功效,从而提高、稳定机体免疫功能。同时提示2号口服液如在抗肿瘤化疗中应用,可能会明显提高疗效,提高抗感染能力,减轻副作用。 相似文献
16.
植物抗病的物质代谢基础 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
植物在其与痛原物相互关系长期进化过程中,通过各种代谢途径在体内可以形成各种抵抗病原物有关的物质。这包括植物凝集素、富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白、胼胝质、类黄酮和萜类植保素、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶(chitinease)和1,3-β-葡聚糖酶、病程相关蛋白和水杨酸等等。寄主植物细胞壁在感染病原菌后的木质化作用-木质素含量的增加是寄主植物抗性反应的一种特性,为阻止病原菌的进一步侵染提供保护圈。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL),肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(CA4H)和4-香豆酸-CoA联结酶(4CL)是苯丙烷代谢途径的关键酶。这三个酶的活性在植物体内的变化与植物的抗病性存在一定的联系。水杨酸的Mr小,适宜于植物韧皮部中的长距离传输,被认为是植物诱导抗性的信号分子。 相似文献
17.
G. Sivakumar Swanty 《Resonance》2000,5(8):43-53
Self defense is the basic response of every living organism. This response is readily observed in animals because of their
physical movements typically involved in that process. Being immobile, plants have evolved highly complex defense mechanisms
that differ from those commonly seen in animals. Plants are able to use chemicals of various kinds as their weapons against
enemies. 相似文献
18.
张彦 《贵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2005,(2)
挫折教育是心理素质教育的一项重要内容。大学生正处于青春中期,正是人生“暴风雨时期”,随着高校扩招,就业形势日趋严峻,从而使其在面对新的学习环境和新的人际关系时产生了诸多不适应,导致心理受挫,影响了正常的学习生活。因此,对大学生进行挫折教育应该以认知教育与耐挫力训练同步进行,避免不良应对,在了解其挫折心理形成原因的同时,利用心理防卫机制对学生进行心理调整和教育。 相似文献
19.
Wen-biao CHEN Jian-rong HUANG Xiang-qi YU Xiao-cong LIN Yong DAI 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(3):235-250,166
目的:寻找来源于Alport综合征患者与正常对照者的多能干细胞差异性表达的microR NA,并对差异性表达的microR NA靶基因进行预测。创新点:本研究不同于一般的试验标本,试验标本是来源于尿肾脏管细胞诱导而成的多能干细胞。基于Alport综合征是遗传疾病,我们对一遗传家系进行了系统的分析。寻找特异性的差异性表达microR NA及其靶基因,从基因水平对Alport综合征进行研究。方法:在前期工作中,成功地从实验者与对照者的尿肾脏管细胞诱导成多能干细胞。运用高通量测序技术分析并发现实验者与对照者之间差异性表达的microR NA。对差异性表达的microR NA靶基因进行预测,并进行靶基因聚集分析,研究靶基因主要参与的生物学过程。同时进行靶基因信号传导通路的分析,研究靶基因主要参与的细胞信号传导通路。结论:在实验组与对照组之间,发现了30个具有显著差异性表达的microR NAs,包括19个上调表达与11个下调表达。差异性表达的microR NA的靶基因主要聚集在细胞膜和细胞代谢过程;靶基因主要参与嘌呤代谢通路与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路。 相似文献