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认知结构迁移理论认为,学习的迁移是通过认知结构的作用而实现的.笔者通过对学习迁移理论,特别是认知结构迁移理论的介绍,结合近年来的研究,探讨其在教学中的应用价值. 相似文献
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迁移理论在高中数学教学中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
倪鸣春 《数学学习与研究(教研版)》2011,(5)
迁移现象从效果上来分包括正迁移与负迁移两种,一般情况指的是正迁移,即一种学习对另一种学习积极、正面的影响.学生在学习中普遍存在着迁移现象,教师在教学中如果创设适宜的迁移情境,运用好迁移规律,充分注意正迁移及其产生的条件,就能促使学生学习的正迁移,使学生自觉地运用已有的认知结构,不断地去同化新知识,从而达到调整、扩充和优化原有认知结构,建设新的认知结构,提高学生的学习效用. 相似文献
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迁移是一个教育心理学传统的命题,现代认知同化论及信息加工论付于迁移以新的内涵,形成现代认知迁移理论。这对当前实施素质教育有着重要的指导意义。本文谈如何运用现代认知迁移理论,促进有效学习迁移的教学策略。1.设计先行组织者,改变学生原有认知结构变量,促进学习迁移奥苏伯尔提出,应用“先行组织者”来改革学生原有认知结构变量,以达到迁移的目的。所谓先行组织者,是先于学习材料呈现之前呈现的一个引导材料,是学习者原有认知结构中已具有 相似文献
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认知学习的迁移及其教学策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杨心德 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》1998,(1)
认知学习迁移的实质是原有认知结构与新学习的相互影响,认知结构的可利用性、可辨别性和稳定性是学习迁移的三个关键因素．确立为迁移而教的教学目标、改革内容,设计先行组织者,加强变式练习和学习策略训练,是促进学习迁移的主要教学策略． 相似文献
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刘颖 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2016,(4):55-56
学习的迁移是指已经获得的知识、动作技能、情感和态度等对新的学习的影响。成人英语学习者具有特殊的心理认知特点和学习特点。深刻探究影响其英语学习迁移的主、客观因素,重视适当的学习目标、合理的学习内容、有效的教学过程等方面,将对有效促进其英语学习正迁移、优化其英语学习效果,并促进成人英语教育的进一步发展有着重要意义。 相似文献
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现代认知迁移理论主要有如下4个观点: 1.一切有意义学习均是在原有学习基础上产生的,因而学习过程中始终存在迁移: 2.既然新知识是在旧知识基础上得以产生的。则新旧学习活动之间必然有联系,迁移必然表现为双向,且有正迁移和负迁移之分; 3.影响学习迁移的主要因素与学习者认知结构的稳定性、清晰性、概括性、 相似文献
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高校强化成人高等继续教育学生能力结构培养与完善继续教育师资方阵结构,两者具有紧密的逻辑联系且互为推进,将成为探求增创继续教育师资人才工程新优势的一个切入点,亦是践行教育发展质量观、终身学习观与创新继续教育师资工作机制的结合点。文章从高校加强成人高等继续教育学生能力结构培养与增强继续教育师资任教能力的关联视角,再递进到继续教育师资的需求与供给联动层面,对动态调整继续教育师资方阵结构问题试作辩证思考,以期继续教育师资整体结构在协调发展中拓新上水平。 相似文献
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"为迁移而教"已成为当今教育界的响亮口号.认知学习迁移的教学策略,对于塑造学生良好的认知结构,促进学生有效地进行学习,有着十分重要的作用.认知学习迁移的教学策略主要包括完善教材呈现的程序、精心设计引导性材料、科学组织变式练习和注重学习策略训练. 相似文献
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心理学中把先前的学习对后继学习的影响叫做学习的迁移.这种影响分积极的与消极的两种,积极的影响叫做正迁移(或迁移),消极的影响叫做负迁移(或干扰)。在教学中,教师要有效的促进学生学习中的正迁移,防止学习中产生负迁移。在数学中如何有效地促进数学知识技能的正迁移呢?这里,谈谈个人的一些浅见。根据有意义学习理论,一切新的有意义学习都是在原有学习基础上产生的,不受学习者原有认知结构影响的学习不存在的。所以,在有意义的学习中,学生的认知结构始终是一个最关键的因素,良好的认知结构是影响学习迁移的关键。一、提高知识的概括水平学… 相似文献
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《学习科学杂志》2013,22(2):173-208
In this article, I present a longitudinal study comparing problem-solving performance for medical students trained using 2 different approaches to medical education. The first approach is the traditional medical education that involves lectures supplemented by laboratory exercises. The second approach is problem-based learning (PBL). In PBL, students learn basic science in small groups in the context of authentic patient problems. Because an expected outcome of medical education is to move students along the path from naive laypersons to novice physicians, the effects of these approaches should be understood in terms of how they affect the early acquisition of cognitive skill. The results indicate that there are important cognitive benefits of the PBL approach. 相似文献
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Marcy Perkins Driscoll 《Contemporary educational psychology》1985,10(1):38-51
One purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive structure, assessed by psychometric measures of concept interrelatedness, can be developed when the students initially do not know what concept relationships exist and what they mean. The second purpose was to apply those measures to a learning situation that has produced a nonspecific transfer effect, i.e., the facilitative effect of concrete examples on learning abstract passages, to attempt to explain this effect more completely. Five groups of 20 students each read two prose passages and took recall and structure assessment tests on the second passage. Results (1) indicated that the nonspecific facilitative transfer effect was replicated and (2) offered some support for the contention that the cognitive structure which proximity measures assess can be trained to correspond to content structure, but that related recall remains low. With resolution of some of the methodological issues surrounding these measures, however, clearer explanation of transfer effects and assessment of higher order learning may be facilitated. 相似文献
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Hui-Chen Lin 《Interactive Learning Environments》2019,27(8):1011-1027
ABSTRACTMedical education is a domain with fast-changing knowledge and attention to knowledge application and higher order thinking; therefore, how to implement effective teaching is a crucial issue. Based on the technology-based learning model, this study provides a multi-dimensional analysis of published papers on the flipped classroom in medical education from the SCOPUS database, including the form of the learning materials, learning system or player, learning strategies, educational technology, application domains, research issues, participants, and research methods. Based on the results, the application of flipped classrooms in medical education has grown rapidly over the past decade, with the number growing dramatically from 7 papers in 2014, to 16 papers in 2015, and 22 papers in 2016. It was found that a great number of studies adopted instructional videos uploaded on online learning systems or used existing online videos to conduct before-class teaching in the before-class stage of the flipped classroom; moreover, most studies involved no online discussion in the before-class stage. As for learning strategies in the in-class stage, the most frequently adopted strategies were issue discussion, practicing or doing exercises, and problem-based learning. This implies that most studies mainly emphasized basic knowledge understanding and skills training, while little attention was paid to developing learners’ higher order thinking skills. In addition, the majority of studies explored students’ learning interest/satisfaction, learning experience, and performance on the cognitive aspect, while little research was found to investigate their preparation degree or cognitive loading. Based on the review results, this study provides the research trends and potential research issues of flipped medical education to serve as a reference for researchers, instructors, and decision makers. 相似文献
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童文杰 《现代远程教育研究》2005,(4):46-49
随着信息化教育的到来,网络环境下的学习正发挥着越来越重要的作用,并出现了大量的全新的学习模式.如何有效地利用这些学习模式是广大网络教育工作者关注的重点.本文从学习方式的角度分析了自主学习模式、协作学习模式、Web课程讲授型学习模式、探究学习模式等四种学习模式及其优缺点,探讨了不同学习模式对人的发展水平如认知发展水平、认知结构、情感态度等方面的一般要求,在此基础上分析了网络环境下的学习模式在小学教育、中学教育、大学教育、成人教育、老年教育等不同教育阶段的适用性. 相似文献
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Florence Mihaela Singer 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2007,1(2):84-97
ABSTRACT— Effective teaching should focus on representational change, which is fundamental to learning and education, rather than conceptual change, which involves transformation of theories in science rather than the gradual building of knowledge that occurs in students. This article addresses the question about how to develop more efficient strategies for promoting representational change across cognitive development. I provide an example of an integrated structural model that highlights the underlying cognitive structures that connect numbers, mathematical operations, and functions. The model emphasizes dynamic multiple representations that students can internalize within the number line and which lead to developing a dynamic mental structure. In teaching practice, the model focuses on a counting task format, which integrates a variety of activities, specifically addressing motor, visual, and verbal skills, as well as various types of learning transfer. 相似文献
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以SOLO分类为基础的学生学习质量评价初探 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以SOLO分类为基础的学生学习质量评价，将教育目标表述为对学生学习能力的要求，以测验的方式了解学生解决问题时表现出的认知发展水平。它不局限于考察学生掌握知识的量和类型，而是重视评价学生学习效果的质量。SOLO分类用结构特征解释学生对问题的五种结构反应，通过学生的反应与教师预设的教学目标的比较，分析影响学生学习效果的因素，为教师改进教学提供依据，帮助不同认知水平的学生在他们自身的基础上提高。 相似文献
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马晓丹 《天津市教科院学报》2021,(1):75-82
在过去的70年里,问题解决一直是我国数学教育领域的研究热点,其成果不仅影响着学生高层次思维的发展,还促进了积极的学习态度。基于问题解决的数学教育研究历程可分为三个阶段:初兴阶段、发展阶段和深化阶段。问题解决在不同阶段的名称反映了不同时期的价值追求。认知结构研究的抽象化、过程模型研究的多元化、策略研究的高度概括以及元认知研究的外显是数学问题解决研究的趋势。展望未来,关注同一情境中的不同结构、同一结构在不同情境间的迁移,为知识、技能向问题解决能力的转化匹配学习条件,加强数学问题解决的表现性评价研究是今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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Sophia Mahler Ron Hoz Dita Fischl Esther Tov-Ly Omri Z. Lernau 《Instructional Science》1991,20(1):25-47
This paper describes the use of concept mapping for didactic purposes in higher education at the university level, namely, in medical schools. The first study involved the use of concept mapping to evaluate students' self learned knowledge of subject matter during their clerkship in a department of surgery. The individually constructed cognitive maps facilitated learning by being used in group discussions with the tutor, to identify correct ideas as well as misconceptions, and to convey the tutor's view, and thereby facilitated learning. The second, unrelated study employed concept mapping to evaluate an inservice Orientation Workshop for medicine school faculty. The cognitive structure characteristics of the participants and their congruence with those of the workshop teachers were assessed. These provided evidence regarding the attainment of the workshop's objectives for different kinds of participant. For example, by using concept mapping in planning instruction or preparing materials for teaching, teachers become learners. Potential didactic uses in higher education are discussed in light of these studies. 相似文献
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Pat Hardr 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2001,14(3):43-74
Advances in technology for distance learning present better‐than‐ever opportunities for designing learning environments that bring optimal features of the conventional classroom to distributed learners. Yet, with the advantages of reaching learners come corresponding challenges for meeting many and varied cognitive, motivational, and organizational needs. Anchoring design of distance learning instruction solidly in current research from cognitive science and motivation, as well as utilizing tested principles of instructional design theory, provides for optimal balance of strategic decision‐making and appropriate management of trade‐offs in design of effective learning environments. This paper shows how Bransford, Brown, and Cocking's (1999) four characteristics of effective learning environments can be developed for continuing education, to maximize learning, transfer of learning, and motivation. As illustration, I will focus on the process of translating traditional continuing education (CE) from lecture‐based, on‐site instruction to Web‐based instruction, a trend in many institutions of higher education. 相似文献