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1.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(6):420-430
ABSTRACT The author examined corporal punishment practices in the United States based on data from 362 public school principals where corporal punishment is available. Results from multiple regression analyses show that schools with multiple student violence prevention programs and teacher training programs had fewer possibilities of use corporal punishment, whereas schools that served a greater percentage of ethnic minority students and special education students had a 2.1 times greater and a 1.8 times greater likelihood of use corporal punishment, after controlling for students’ problem behavior and school characteristics. Policy implications for an equal implementation of corporal punishment practice were offered. 相似文献
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This article examines secondary school teachers’ perceptions of corporal punishment in India. Although it has been banned in Indian schools, various types of corporal punishment are still used by teachers. It has been mainly used as a mechanism for controlling disciplinary problems in schools. Based on a pilot study of 160 secondary teachers, the result of the research reveals that teachers still perceive corporal punishment as an effective method of controlling indiscipline in class. However, some teachers state that corporal punishment is ineffective in deterring students from misbehaving. Corporal punishment is not a good method to maintain discipline. Adopting harsh methods indicates a lack of proper training in managing students in a classroom situation and a poor understanding by the teachers of students’ mental states. An awareness program for secondary school teachers about the effects of corporal punishment on children is needed. The solution is proper training for teachers and student-teachers in the use of counseling to manage behavioral problem. Also full-time counselors can be appointed in schools. 相似文献
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Corporal punishment use in schools has decreased significantly over the past several decades; however, little research has explored the implications of such reductions in corporal punishment use. Theoretically, reducing or banning the use of corporal punishment could alter student and teacher behavior, resulting in changes in rates of other forms of discipline, such as suspension. Using nationally representative, longitudinal data from the Civil Rights Data Collection, this study estimates the relationship between corporal punishment use and suspension rates. Results from a series of fixed effects regression models suggest that reduced use or elimination of corporal punishment predicts lower rates of suspension overall but may predict higher rates of suspension in school districts serving larger proportions of racial minority students. Implications of these findings for current policy discussions around corporal punishment bans and for racial equity in school discipline are discussed. 相似文献
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校园零体罚是目前中小学教育最关切的议题之一。教育部早已发布了禁止对学生体罚或变相体罚的指示学生自主权获得了更进一步的保障,然而学校及教师对学生的管教态度与方式却也同时面临了前所未有的挑战。因此,本文主要针对美国学校体罚之现况、相关法律基础,探讨目前美国中小学生管教方法之替代方案。期望通过本研究增进我国对美国学校体罚状况的了解以及新的思考方向。 相似文献
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Clive Glaser 《History of education》2019,48(3):395-409
This paper focuses on the now-discarded practice of corporal punishment at Morris Isaacson High School, an important public school in Soweto. Corporal punishment, widely accepted by both students and parents, was central to the disciplinary regime of the school during the 1960s and 1970s. ‘Morris’ was one of the very few high schools in Soweto to remain open and functional during the turbulent 1980s; some argue that it was the rigid discipline that allowed the school to survive in a context of generational upheaval. During the late 1980s and early 1990s pressure mounted on the educational authorities to abolish corporal punishment until it was eventually outlawed under the new constitution in 1996. Though many saw this an important victory for human dignity, there remains a very popular nostalgic narrative that blames the abolition of corporal punishment for the collapse of school discipline in the democratic era. 相似文献
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在美国,公立学校对学生实施体罚一直都是备受争议的话题。传统上,对学生的体罚被看作是合理合法的行为。1977年的英格拉罕案判决具有重大意义。美国联邦最高法院判决,公立学校体罚学生并未违反联邦宪法修正案第八条＂禁止残酷和异常惩戒＂的规定,公立学校中的体罚涉及修正案第十四条所规定的实体性正当程序权利。此案例可以看,美国法院相关判决对学生实体性正当程序权利的侵害标准规定得过于严苛和僵化,不利于学生权利的保护。因此,这一标准应该加以改变,以便为学生提供更高程度的保护。 相似文献
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The adverse effect of harsh corporal punishment on mental health and psychosocial functioning in children has been repeatedly suggested by studies in industrialized countries. Nevertheless, corporal punishment has remained common practice not only in many homes, but is also regularly practiced in schools, particularly in low-income countries, as a measure to maintain discipline. Proponents of corporal punishment have argued that the differences in culture and industrial development might also be reflected in a positive relationship between the use of corporal punishment and improving behavioral problems in low-income nations. In the present study we assessed the occurrence of corporal punishment at home and in school in Tanzanian primary school students. We also examined the association between corporal punishment and externalizing problems. The 409 children (52% boys) from grade 2 to 7 had a mean age of 10.49 (SD = 1.89) years. Nearly all children had experienced corporal punishment at some point during their lifetime both in family and school contexts. Half of the respondents reported having experienced corporal punishment within the last year from a family member. A multiple sequential regression analysis revealed that corporal punishment by parents or by caregivers was positively related to children's externalizing problems. The present study provides evidence that Tanzanian children of primary school age are frequently exposed to extreme levels of corporal punishment, with detrimental consequences for externalizing behavior. Our findings emphasize the need to inform parents, teachers and governmental organizations, especially in low-income countries, about the adverse consequences of using corporal punishment be it at home or at school. 相似文献
9.
Joseph S Agbenyega 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2006,33(3):107-122
This paper reports on a study that compared the practice of corporal punishment in ten basic schools in the Greater Accra District in Ghana. Five of the ten schools were designated as inclusive project schools (IPS) and the other five as non-inclusive project schools (NIS). The primary purpose was to find out if the inclusive project schools were more effective in eradicating corporal punishment from their schools than were the non-project schools. One hundred teachers responded to a six-item questionnaire. A further 22 participants comprising ten teachers from the survey group, ten pupils and two directors of education were interviewed. Observation of the classroom practices, where these teachers work, substantiated the questionnaire and interview findings. The overall results indicated that corporal punishment still persists in both school sites at relatively the same scale. Three themes were found to underpin the administration of corporal punishment to students in these schools. (1) Punishment as an effective learning imperative (2) Punishment as a moral imperative (3) Punishment as religious imperative. The implications of these findings pertaining to inclusive education are discussed. 相似文献
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Sara Humphreys 《Gender and education》2008,20(5):527-540
In the last few years the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children has been gathering momentum, with a submission to The United Nations Secretary General’s study on violence against children the most recent addition to the cause. Nevertheless, corporal punishment in schools is still condoned in many countries and its practice persists even where it is now illegal. However, it is usually discussed within a gender‐‘neutral’ human rights framework rather than being more usefully considered as a gendered practice, pivotal in sustaining the gender regimes of schools. Drawing primarily on an ethnographic study in four junior secondary schools in Botswana, in conjunction with other related studies in Sub‐Saharan Africa, it is argued that corporal punishment is gendered at the level of both policy and practice. Female and male students and teachers understand and experience the ‘giving’ and ‘receiving’ of corporal punishment differently as gender interacts with, and often takes precedence over, age and authority relations. Understanding corporal punishment as a gendered practice has important implications for how its persistence in schools might be more successfully addressed as part of the current drive to achieve the Millennium Development and Education for All Goals in relation to universal primary education and gender equality. 相似文献
12.
公立学校体罚在当今美国仍然是一个充满争议的话题.1977年英格瑞罕诉莱特案中,联邦最高法院基于对宪法修正案第八条和第十四条的解释,确认了体罚的合宪性,赋予各州自行决定体罚政策的权力.这一判决不仅在司法上构成类似案件的先例,更直接造就了各州法律对体罚存废态度不一的现状.保护儿童权利的诉求使得废除体罚运动开始兴起,并与美国学校体罚的传统产生了激烈冲突.在二者相持不下的局面下,一种主张改革学校教育以逐步消除体罚的实践开始出现,为消除体罚难题开辟了新的道路. 相似文献
13.
A look at corporal punishment and some implications of its use 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F C Wilson 《Child abuse & neglect》1982,6(2):155-164
The author notes several legal, social, philosophical and educational attitudes common to Canada and the United States which have, for centuries, characterized the uses of corporal punishment with children. Specifically, corporal punishment is viewed as a technique for developing discipline within the school system. Inconsistencies in both Canada and the U.S. are noted regarding court decisions and their application in the classroom. Recent revisions to The Ontario Child Welfare Act are discussed in light of its implications for parents and teachers who physically punish their children or students. Research findings related to corporal punishment and their implications for schools are cited. Negative side-effects of administering punishment are also described. The evidence suggests that corporal punishment besides being an ineffective learning technique, is not the uncomplicated, quick solution many may think it. The author concludes by proposing that because of their important role in the lives of developing children and considering the resources devoted to teacher training, teachers should be held as legally accountable for their use of corporal punishment with children as parents are. As well, he indicates the need for (1) increased teacher training in the areas of child management, classroom management and interactional processes; (2) greater opportunity to devise creative problem-solving strategies; and (3) a re-ordering of priorities at universities, colleges and faculties of education which would benefit not only teachers, but ultimately their students. 相似文献
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J S Solheim 《Child abuse & neglect》1982,6(2):147-154
It appears that Sweden and the United States may be a study in contrasts regarding the sanction and use of corporal punishment on children. A 1979 study of American parents noted that 81% of them employed corporal punishment with children. A different study done in Sweden in 1978 noted that only 26% of parents used corporal punishment with children. What points to the differences in these parenting patterns within the two countries? In addition, a 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case entitled Ingraham vs. Wright ruled that “schools are empowered to carry out corporal punishment.” This court case involved two high school boys in Florida who had been repeatedly struck with wooden paddles. In contrast, Sweden had statutes which prohibited corporal punishment of children in their secondary schools as early as the 1920s. In 1957, the country passed a law which defined corporal punishment as unacceptable for small children in the schools. Then, in 1979, the Swedish government passed a statute prohibiting corporal punishment by parents. Are there differences in the way the two countries view law and its uses? Or, do the cultures sanction violence in general or just violence against children in different ways? This article examines some of the similarities and differences found in American and Swedish treatment of children and proposes what appear to be extreme differences in the way the countries and their people approach corporal punishment. 相似文献
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G. E. Bookbinder 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):213-218
The effect of higher education upon student attitudes is one of increasing liberality and decreasing authoritarianism. In this study of 345 women students in a college of education similar trends were recorded concerning teacher‐role expectations during a three‐year period of anticipatory professional socialization. The early part of the course is seen as particularly significant in changing attitudes. The nature of the change is complex, for whilst on home‐school relationships, curriculum, organization and motivation students become more ‘open’ in their teacher‐role expectations, a hardening of attitudes was seen towards corporal punishment and teachers’ leisure time involvement with their school children. Some changes may be attributed to the orientation of the college towards certain professional beliefs and practices. The process of professional socialization is marked by increasing differentiation among students at different stages of their course on questions relating to teachers’ instrumental (task‐centred) roles. Further, this college's stress upon primary education may be responsible for only slight differences developing between the role‐concepts of groups training for different levels of school. 相似文献
16.
郑超 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020,(1):69-76
教师教育惩戒不同于学校惩戒,通过对《关于深化教育教学改革全面提高义务教育质量的意见》的解读可以发现,其中所使用的“教师教育惩戒”一词与广义上包含了警告、退学等学校处分在内的惩戒概念不同,而是属于狭义上的惩戒概念。通过与日本中小学教育惩戒权中相关狭义惩戒内容的比较分析,研究者认为,当前我们的视野不应该仅仅局限在如何设定教师教育惩戒的方式与程序上,而是应该将学生失范行为当作一个更大的课题。教育惩戒的目的在于帮助学生遵守正确的校内规范并进一步养成健全的人格,其所要面对的不仅仅包括违反课堂纪律、不认真对待学业,更有可能包括但不限于校园欺凌、校园暴力等等,而后者的问题很难单纯地通过教师教育惩戒进行应对。应该允许教师在实施教育惩戒上具有一定的裁量权。如果认可教师教育惩戒包含一定物理有形力的行使,那么有必要在惩戒方式的客观必要性、相当性与实施主体的主观目的正当性上进行限定,根据事件的具体情境进行判断,防止惩戒过当变为体罚。 相似文献
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张涛 《河南科技学院学报》2012,(8):78-80
农村中小学的隐性伤害主要表现为体罚、变相体罚、心理惩罚和校园欺侮,而落后的教育观念、教师素质低下、学生自身的素质、学校教育中的"过度社会化"等是造成隐性伤害的主要原因。为了减少农村中小学隐性伤害事件的发生,必须要改变落后的教育观念、提高教师的综合素质、保护特殊群体学生的身心健康、实施人性化管理、重视家庭教育,以加深对农村中小学隐性伤害的认识,促进农村中小学教育教学工作的顺利进行。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence, type and associations of harsh corporal punishment in Yemen. METHODS: Caregiver and teacher reports were obtained on 1,196 Yemeni 7-10-year olds obtained by systematic random sampling of children in the 1st to 4th grades of urban and rural schools. Caregivers (86% mothers) reported on disciplinary practices, socio-familial background, and child psychopathology. Teachers reported on school performance and child psychopathology. RESULTS: More than half of the rural caregivers and about a quarter of the urban caregivers reported using harsh corporal punishment (hitting children with implements, tying them up, pinching them, or biting them). Harsh corporal punishment was significantly associated with poor school performance and both behavioral and emotional difficulties. The socio-familial factors that were independently associated with harsh corporal punishment were: rural area, male gender of the child, low maternal education, and large family size. CONCLUSION: Harsh corporal punishment is very common in Yemen. International findings suggest that the association with school failure and psychological maladjustment may well be causal. Promoting parental use of effective and non-violent disciplinary methods should be a public health priority. Practice implications: Yemen urgently needs to develop and evaluate programs that teach parents how to use culturally appropriate rewards and non-abusive sanctions to shape children's behavior without stunting their academic and emotional development. Persuading parents to adopt such approaches may need programs that focus not just on techniques but also on attitudes, e.g. challenging the commonly held belief that children will not develop properly unless they are beaten when they do wrong. 相似文献
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This study examined the relations between parental harsh discipline (psychological aggression and corporal punishment) and adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors and the moderating effects of adolescents’ perceived normativeness of harsh discipline in Chinese society. Using a sample of 1158 Chinese middle-school students, our findings revealed that parental harsh discipline was associated with high levels of adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Adolescents’ perceived normativeness of psychological aggression buffered the association between parental psychological aggression and adolescents’ internalizing problem behaviors, whereas their perceived normativeness of corporal punishment buffered the association between parental corporal punishment and adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors. The findings from the current study highlight the importance of considering how adolescents’ perceptions may influence the effects of parental harsh discipline on adolescent adjustment. 相似文献
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鉴于近年来权威主义非主流儿童观返潮,借鉴贝卡利亚倡导废除死刑时的分析框架,笔者对权威主义儿童观从法学、社会学、心理学等视角进行跨学科批判和分析。笔者认为,体罚无论从一般预防还是从特殊预防的角度而言,都是有害无益的。对受罚学生本人在心理和生理两方面的有害影响可能从幼年持续终老。体罚源自成年人的过度自恋,维护这种自恋的方式本身是一种恶,一旦把克制体罚的理由移除,自制力一点小小的弱化,就足以导致体罚冲动的升级。 相似文献