Exercise and bone     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):141-144

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the interrelationship between aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in 9- and 15-year-olds. The 270 participants were randomly selected from 18 primary and secondary schools in Iceland. Aerobic fitness was assessed by a graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Body composition was estimated via: logarithm of sum of four skinfolds (log_e skinfolds), waist adjusted for height, and body mass index (BMI). Physical activity was measured with Actigraph activity monitors using total activity each day as the physical activity variable. Aerobic fitness was chosen as the primary outcome variable, body composition as the secondary variable, and physical activity as the tertiary variable. All the full models explained a similar proportion of fitness variance for both age groups (45–65%). Among the 15-year-olds, log_e skinfolds explained a significantly larger proportion of the fitness variance (54%) than waist adjusted for height (29%) and BMI (15%), but all the body composition variables explained a similar proportion of the fitness variance (35–42%) among the 9-year-olds. Physical activity explained a smaller proportion (0%) of the unadjusted variance in fitness for the 9-year-olds than for the 15-year-olds (19%). This group difference became non-significant (0% vs. 4%) when adjusting for log_e skinfolds but remained significant when controlling for waist adjusted for height (0% vs. 15%) and BMI (0% vs. 18%). Gender differences in aerobic fitness after puberty can largely be explained by gender differences in log_e skinfolds and physical activity. In conclusion, the interrelationship between fitness, body composition, physical activity, and gender is not the same among 9- and 15-year-olds.  相似文献   

Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Objectively Measured Hearing Sensitivity Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes     

Paul D. Loprinzi  Ben Gilham  Bradley J. Cardinal 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):390-397

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and hearing sensitivity among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with diabetes. Method: Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. One hundred eighty-four U.S. adults with diabetes wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer and had their hearing function objectively assessed. A negative binomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and hearing sensitivity. Results were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, comorbidity index, marital status, cotinine, homocysteine, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycohemoglobin (HbA_1c), C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria, noise exposure, and vision impairment. Results: Compared to those with hearing within normal limits, results showed that participants with mild hearing loss and moderate or greater hearing loss, respectively, engaged in 93% fewer minutes of MVPA (incident rate ratio = 0.07; 95% CI [0.01, 0.60]) and 94% fewer minutes of MVPA (incident rate ratio = 0.06; 95% CI [0.01, 0.54]). Conclusion: Adults with diabetes who have greater hearing impairment are less physically active. Future research is needed to determine the direction of causality.  相似文献   

An Analysis of Playground Surface Injuries     

Mick G. Mack  Donna Thompson  Susan Hudson 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):368-372

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the development of skill competence and tactical sophistication during a games unit conducted following the features of sport education provided by Siedentop (1994). One team of six players was followed through a 30-lesson season of “Ultimate.” Using Gréhaigne, Godbout, and Bouthier's (1997) formula for an efficiency index, together with a number of other measures of skill and tactical competence, it was determined that these students made significant improvements in selection and execution dimensions of the game. Furthermore, lower skilled students did not feel marginalized within their teams and believed they had equal opportunities for improvement. The key reasons for developing competence in this setting were the sufficient length of the season to allow for significant practice opportunities and the consistent team membership throughout season, which allowed all players to develop a sense of usefulness. This curriculum model provides one way students can develop skills through a system of game playing, provided sport education units are structured to prevent the more skillful players from dominating the games.  相似文献   

Conceptions of Research and Methodology Learning     

Mari Murtonen Corresponding author  Erno Lehtinen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):217-224

In 15–16 year olds from Oslo, Norway, we investigated the occurrence of self‐reported dyslexia and reading/writing difficulties (RWD), and we measured dyslexic symptoms using the Duvan dyslexia screening test. The prevalence of self‐reported dyslexia was 8.2%, while 10.4% reported severe or moderate RWD. The group of self‐reported dyslexics obtained lower mean‐values on Duvan than the non‐dyslexic group (125.7 [SD = 20.2] versus 153.2 [SD = 23.4]), but not on the test of general ability. The questionnaire items on dyslexia and RWD, as well as gender, ethnicity and general ability, significantly predicted Duvan scores (explained variance, R ² = 0.25). More research is needed to explore the precision of Duvan as a screening tool for dyslexic symptoms among Norwegian adolescents.  相似文献   

中国优秀沙滩排球运动员运动损伤流行病学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张晓丹  葛春林 《北京体育大学学报》2008,31(2):211-213

运用问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法对参加第十届全运会沙滩排球决赛阶段的全部男女运动员进行运动损伤的流行病学调查,旨在探讨我国优秀沙滩排球运动员的运动损伤发生规律,为预防和减少沙滩排球运动损伤提供有效依据.结果显示,我国优秀沙滩排球运动员的运动损伤总体发生率为47.7%;急性运动损伤发生率的解剖学分布由肢体近端向远端逐渐增高,慢性损伤则呈相反趋势;我国优秀沙滩排球运动员的足踝部急、慢性损伤以及拦网时的运动损伤发生率显著高于国外.及时根据运动员的身体状态调整运动负荷、积极创新多样有效的训练方法、进一步提高准备活动质量、完善技术动作等手段可以在一定程度上预防运动员的运动损伤.  相似文献   

运动员前交叉韧带损伤的流行病学研究   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

敖英芳  田得祥  崔国庆  胡跃林  史和福  任玉衡 《体育科学》2000,20(4):47-48,88

１９９１年８月￣１９９３年９月对国家,省,市级等４７个人共６８１０名运动员进行了运动创伤流行病学调查,其中ＡＣＬ损伤３２例,癖发病率为０．４７％,损伤病因中技术失误伤首位,为５９．４％,上外与损伤（１５．６％）,场地（３．１％）等因素有关,全部病例均有不同程度的膝关节症状。尽管有３１％的人可参加正常训练,但５３．６％的同受到不同程度的影响,有些不得以停训或手术治疗。本文对ＡＣＬ损伤的致伤因素,诊断  相似文献   

我国游泳运动员官能流行病学的调查分析     

吕小峰  乔小杉  牛健壮  王小刚 《体育学刊》2005,12(6):74-76

对我国8省市110名二级以上游泳运动员进行耳、鼻、咽喉官能损伤调查,结果发现损伤发病率高达100%.相关损伤发病率最高的9种疾病依次为:中耳炎、迷路炎、外耳道炎、慢性鼻炎、急性化脓性鼻窦炎、鼻中隔歪曲、慢性咽炎、急性喉炎、慢性上颌窦炎等.疾患以慢性损伤为主,对运动员身体、训练及比赛影响较大.结合游泳运动的特点及游泳运动员的健康状况与培养价值,就发病率较高的9种损伤及其原因进行分析,并依据调查结果提出预防监督建议.  相似文献   

Analgesics use in competitive triathletes: its relationship to doping and on predicting its usage     

Pavel Dietz  Robert Dalaker  Stephan Letzel  Rolf Ulrich  Perikles Simon 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):1965-1969

The two major objectives of this study were (i) to assess variables that predict the use of analgesics in competitive athletes and (ii) to test whether the use of analgesics is associated with the use of doping. A questionnaire primarily addressing the use of analgesics and doping was distributed among 2,997 triathletes. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the use of analgesics. Moreover, the randomised response technique (RRT) was used to estimate the prevalence of doping in order to assess whether users of analgesics have a higher potential risk for doping than non-users. Statistical power analyses were performed to determine sample size. The bootstrap method was used to assess the statistical significance of the prevalence difference for doping between users and non-users of analgesics. Four variables from a pool of 16 variables were identified that predict the use of analgesics. These were: “version of questionnaire (English)”, “gender (female)”, “behaviour in case of pain (continue training)”, and “hours of training per week (>12 h/week)”. The 12-month prevalence estimate for the use of doping substances (overall estimate 13.0%) was significantly higher in athletes that used analgesics (20.4%) than in those athletes who did not use analgesics (12.4%). The results of this study revealed that athletes who use analgesics prior to competition may be especially prone to using doping substances. The predictors of analgesic use found in the study may be of importance to prepare education material and prevention models against the misuse of drugs in athletes.  相似文献   

The prevalence and risk indicators of symptoms of common mental disorders among current and former Dutch elite athletes     

Vincent Gouttebarge  Ruud Jonkers  Maarten Moen  Evert Verhagen  Paul Wylleman  Gino Kerkhoffs 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2148-2156

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and comorbidity of symptoms of common mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders, adverse alcohol use) among current and former Dutch elite athletes, and to explore the inference between potential risk indicators (severe injury, surgery, life events, sport career dissatisfaction, social support) and the outcomes measures under investigation. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study among 203 current and 282 former elite Dutch athletes (response rate: 28% among current athletes and 95% among former athletes). Based on validated scales, an electronic questionnaire was set up and distributed. Prevalence (4-week) ranged from 6% for adverse alcohol use to 45% for anxiety/depression among current elite athletes, and from 18% for distress to 29% for anxiety/depression among former elite athletes. A higher number of past severe injuries, higher number of past surgeries, higher number of recent life events, higher level of career dissatisfaction and lower level of social support were related to the occurrence of symptoms of common mental disorders among both current and former elite athletes. On average, the 4-week prevalence of common mental disorders as shown in our study among current and former Dutch elite athletes were similar to the ones found among athletes from other sports disciplines and does compare with the lifetime prevalence estimates in the general population of the Netherlands.  相似文献   

肥胖的研究现状与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘学哲 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(2):113-114

肥胖，逐渐成为当今流行病学研究的热点问题。它已不是某个地区或某个国家的现象，而是一种普遍存在的严重危害人类健康的疾病。本综述主要介绍肥胖的现状和相关研究以及今后的发展趋势。  相似文献