中英高校科技成果转移转化比较研究及经验借鉴     

韩小腾  严会超  郑鹏  韩雨辰 《科技管理研究》2019,39(7)

高校在英国国家创新体系中发挥着至关重要的作用。为将英国大学强大的科研成果优势转化为经济增长的动力,英国政府针对高校科技成果转化颁布实施了一系列卓有成效的政策。通过对牛津大学、剑桥大学、卡迪夫大学、清华大学和中山大学等高校科研竞争力、科技成果转化政策、方法与模式的对比分析,剖析英国对研究管理体制和科研评估系统的创新改革举措与成效,借鉴英国高校科技成果转化的先进经验,为我国深入实施创新驱动发展战略,构建创新型国家,促进高校科技成果转化提供有益参考。  相似文献   

基于三阶段DEA模型的国家中心城市制造企业创新效率研究     

康年  顾倩雯  宋波 《科技管理研究》2019,39(8)

国家中心城市是各地区创新生产的排头兵,其创新生产的效果直接影响地区的技术创新和经济发展。本文采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,从投入与产出角度对2012-2015年间国家中心城市72家制造企业创新活动进行了评价与分析。在环境因素选取上,将制度环境对制造企业创新效率的影响纳入分析中。结果表明：国家中心城市制造企业创新综合效率总体偏低,不同城市的企业创新效率差异较大,制度环境对中心城市制造企业的创新效率有显著影响,可以通过改善制度环境来提高其创新效率。  相似文献   

供给侧结构性改革背景下技术创新对京津冀产业结构升级调整的影响——基于京津冀1985-2016年面板数据实证考察     

陈福中  刘成  卢景新 《科技管理研究》2019,39(9)

党的十八届五中全会确立了“五大”新发展理念,将创新放在首位,其重要性不言而喻。推进京津冀一体化,不断加快产业结构升级调整,更是需要技术创新为其提供强劲的内在动力。本文构建了技术创新作用于产业结构升级调整的理论模型,揭示了技术创新的重要推动作用,进而采用京津冀1985-2016年面板数据进行了实证分析。研究发现,技术创新与京津冀产业结构升级调整呈现显著的正相关关系。教育水平和科技水平的提升,都会加速京津冀产业结构升级调整的步伐,特别是科技水平对于服务业生产率增长的促进作用更加明显。因此,应增加教育和研发支出,强化人力资本培养,以技术创新带动京津冀产业结构升级调整;以制度创新带动技术创新,从而为技术创新提供良好的内部动力和外部环境;以供给侧结构性改革加速技术创新,进一步推进京津冀产业结构的升级调整。  相似文献   

政府科技投入影响作用企业创新的机制分析 ——基于认知及信息反馈视角     

尹翀  贾永飞 《科技管理研究》2019,(22)

将政府科技投入分解为环境、企业认知和企业投入三个层面要素,分析对企业创新机会、意愿、倾向和绩效的影响,及政策的信度、效度、口碑和偏好的反馈作用,揭示了其同企业创新系统信息交互的“三重影响—四重反馈”机制。基于SEM的实证分析发现环境要素促进企业获得创新机会、企业认知提升企业创新意愿和实质性创新倾向,综合提高企业创新绩效,企业环境同企业投入存在强相关性。持续性政策环境及手段优化,顺畅的双向互动渠道及敏捷的政策反馈反应机制等可确立政府创新投入的有效性和可信性,提升政策的市场兼容性。  相似文献   

“中国制造”技术创新与标准化协同程度及其影响因素的实证研究     

陶忠元  王艳秀 《科技管理研究》2019,(20)

基于投入——产出角度的技术创新与标准化协同评价模型和指标体系构建,对2000-2016年间七类细分制造行业的耦合协调度测评发现,化学、医疗设备行业已达到中级协调水平,而纺织、医药、航空航天、电子通信、计算机行业仍处于较低的初级协调水平。运用变系数面板数据模型的实证结果表明,技术创新成果、标准化进程对七类行业的协同程度提升产生了促进作用,而对外贸易规模和利用外资规模分别仅对纺织、化学、医药、医疗设备四类行业和化学、医疗设备两类行业的协同程度产生了显著促进作用,政府支持力度的作用则均不显著。  相似文献   

广东珠三角地区创新政策分析——基于科技型中小企业技术创新视角     

郭秀强  孙延明 《科技管理研究》2019,39(11)

在广东省实施创新驱动发展战略的背景下,以科技型中小企业为研究对象,梳理了珠三角地区出台的促进企业技术创新的各项政策文件。采用编码分析方法分析各类政策工具的内容和特点,剖析当前政策体系中存在问题,提出未来出台促进科技型中小企业技术创新政策应注重需求侧政策的制定,从长远的战略与规划上全局谋划、整体布局政策体系。  相似文献   

National health innovation systems: Clustering the OECD countries by innovative output in healthcare using a multi indicator approach     

Dorian Proksch  Julia Busch-Casler  Marcus Max Haberstroh  Andreas Pinkwart 《Research Policy》2019,48(1):169-179

The importance of innovation in healthcare has increased within the last decades as challenges, like rising costs and an aging demographic, have to be solved. The degree of innovativeness in healthcare is strongly influenced by the National Health Innovation System, which as a sectoral innovation system encompasses a wide variety of actors and related knowledge. Despite the highly practical relevance of the topic, there are only a few studies that analyze innovation in healthcare on a national level. Thus, this study is a starting point and, building on the theoretical framework of national innovation systems, answers the following questions: “Can countries be grouped by their innovation output in healthcare and do those groups differ in factors describing the healthcare system? Do countries with strong national innovation systems also have strong national health innovation systems and vice versa?” We compare the healthcare innovation output of 30 OECD countries using a multi-indicator approach and categorize them into four distinct groups using cluster analysis. The cluster consisting of the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands and Switzerland shows the highest innovation output measured in knowledge production and knowledge commercialization. Surprisingly, these countries, with the exception of Switzerland, only rank in the medium group when considering the entire national innovation system. Policymakers and researchers might be particularly interested in studying the healthcare systems of these countries.  相似文献   

Towards a typology of intermediaries in sustainability transitions: A systematic review and a research agenda     

Paula Kivimaa  Wouter Boon  Sampsa Hyysalo  Laurens Klerkx 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):1062-1075

Intermediary actors have been proposed as key catalysts that speed up change towards more sustainable socio-technical systems. Research on this topic has gradually gained traction since 2009, but has been complicated by the inconsistency regarding what intermediaries are in the context of such transitions and which activities they focus on, or should focus on. We briefly elaborate on the conceptual foundations of the studies of intermediaries in transitions, and how intermediaries have been connected to different transition theories. This shows the divergence – and sometimes a lack – of conceptual foundations in this research. In terms of transitions theories, many studies connect to the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management, while intermediaries in technological innovation systems and transition management have been much less explored. We aim to bring more clarity to the topic of intermediaries in transitions by providing a definition of transition intermediaries and a typology of five intermediary types that is sensitive to the emergence, neutrality and goals of intermediary actors as well as their context and level of action. Some intermediaries are specifically set up to facilitate transitions, while others grow into the role during the process of socio-technical change. Based on the study, as an important consideration for future innovation governance, we argue that systemic and niche intermediaries are the most crucial forms of intermediary actors in transitions, but they need to be complemented by a full ecology of intermediaries, including regime-based transition intermediaries, process intermediaries and user intermediaries.  相似文献   

Abandoning innovation activities and performance: The moderating role of openness     

Christos Tsinopoulos  Ji Yan  Carlos M.P. Sousa 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1399-1411

Firms are encouraged to continually initiate innovation activities as part of their new product development processes and to be open to the use of external knowledge sources. Yet, many are abandoned. Openness to external knowledge sources and the experience of abandoning innovation activities are, therefore, becoming a part of an organization’s reality and innovation strategy. In this paper, we aim to explore how the experience of having abandoned an innovation activity can affect innovation performance and the role two key dimensions of openness, external search breadth and formal innovation collaboration breadth, play. Using data from the UK Innovation Survey, we find that the experience of having abandoned an innovation activity leads to improved innovation performance and that this is negatively moderated by the two dimensions of openness. When external search breadth is high, i.e. when an organization engages with a higher number of different types of knowledge sources, the link between abandoning innovation activities and innovation performance weakens. Similarly, when formal innovation collaboration breadth is high, i.e. the breadth of a firm’s formal collaboration relationships is high, the link between abandoning innovation activities and innovation performance also weakens. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.  相似文献   

Towards a segmentation of science parks: A typology study on science parks in Europe     

Wei Keat Benny Ng  Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek  Myriam Cloodt  Theo Arentze 《Research Policy》2019,48(3):719-732

Although science parks are established globally for decades as an innovation policy instrument to foster growth and networking, there is limited attention given towards research into possible types within these real estate objects. Prior attempts in categorising science parks are characterised by the limited number of cases and/or variables. Science parks are believed to enhance innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic value for firms and regions. Past academic research showed mixed results on these performances and it is reasoned that distinct types within science parks exist that might explain these unclear results. We argue that before we can grasp what science parks can do, we should know what they are. Therefore, a survey on science park characteristics was completed by 82 science park managers in Europe. A cluster analysis was conducted which grouped the 82 participating science parks in three types; ‘research’, ‘cooperative’, and ‘incubator’ locations. Next, differences and similarities of these three types within science parks in Europe were analysed as a basis for advancing the academic debate. The types provide further understanding of science parks and offer researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers a means to compare, market, and benchmark science parks more adequately.  相似文献