Positive beliefs about errors as an important element of adaptive individual dealing with errors during academic learning     

Maria Tulis  Gabriele Steuer  Markus Dresel 《教育心理学》2018,38(2):139-158

Research on learning from errors gives reason to assume that errors provide a high potential to facilitate deep learning if students are willing and able to take these learning opportunities. The first aim of this study was to analyse whether beliefs about errors as learning opportunities can be theoretically and empirically distinguished from adaptive reactions to errors in an affective-motivational sense (including the maintenance of motivation and activating emotions), and in terms of learning behaviour and metacognitive activities specifically adjusted in response to a specific error. The second aim was to validate the proposed distinction across different domains. The third aim was to investigate the added value of beliefs about errors besides domain-specific self-concept and mastery goal orientation for understanding the preconditions for adaptive reactions to errors at school. We assessed all variables in three different school subjects (N = 614 students, Grades 5–7). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated distinctness and a moderate domain specificity of error-related reactions. Positive error-related beliefs predicted students’ affective-motivational and action adaptivity of error reactions, above and beyond self-concepts and goal orientations. Taken together, the current findings provide a more complete understanding of the intra-personal mechanisms of adaptive responses to errors in different school subjects.  相似文献   

The Library of Congress and the "Bibliography" Note     

《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2):59-70

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风险投资契约中人力资本与控制权配置关系研究     

赵根宏 《深圳信息职业技术学院学报》2009,7(1):85-88

由于风险投资中的合约相比于一般合约不完全性更加严重,因此剩余控制权的配置就极为重要,它决定了事后租金的分配,从而影响到合约双方事前的投资决策。本文将人力资本引入风险投资契约治理的分析框架中,从人力资本的专用性、专有性及其引致的双边道德风险角度来解释风险资本家与创业者之间的控制权配置问题。  相似文献   

地区供电公司成本管理困境的解析——基于资产专用性的思考     

蒲养正 《兰州石化职业技术学院学报》2009,9(3):45-47

成本控制是企业管理的一项重要工作,供电经营所需资产的专用性程度高、经营活动的不确定性,加大了成本控制的难题.从资产专用性视角,分析供电工作中各经营环节、各级组织之间的利益冲突,构建以价值为导向的成本控制模式.  相似文献   

几种环境条件对唾液淀粉酶活性的影响     

杨玉萍 《平原大学学报》2009,(4)

讨论了不同条件下唾液淀粉酶活性的差异。实验结果表明,影响唾液淀粉酶活性的因素很多,必须在各种条件适宜的情况下,才能发挥其最佳的催化作用;淀粉酶具有高度专一性,其活性受温度、pH值、激活剂及抑制剂、酶浓度以及作用时间等多种因素影响;每个人产生唾液淀粉酶的量不同,活性强弱也有差异。  相似文献   

关于独生子女家庭教育的思考     

李京蔓 《四川教育学院学报》2009,25(9):7-9

在独生子女的家庭教育中,家长应正确面对独生子女的特异性,认识到这种特异性不在于孩子是否独生,而在于家庭生活和教育环境。在家庭教育中,家长一味严格和一味宠爱对独生子女的教育都是不利的。不要剥夺独生子女在家庭中生活的元素,而是要把五颜六色的生活体验还给孩子。面对独生子女的教育问题仅仅去寻求对策不是明智之举,重要的是,家长要在家庭教育中直面自己和孩子的生命。  相似文献   

Challenges to Cognitive Bases for an Especial Motor Skill at the Regulation Baseball Pitching Distance     

Jeffery P. Simons  Jacob M. Wilson  Gabriel J. Wilson  Stephen Theall 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):469-479

We tested expert baseball pitchers for evidence of especial skills at the regulation pitching distance. Seven college pitchers threw indoors to a target placed at 60.5 feet (18.44 m) and four closer and four further distances away. Accuracy at the regulation distance was significantly better than predicted by regression on the nonregulation distances (p < .02), indicating an especial skill effect emerged despite the absence of normal contextual cues. Self-efficacy data failed to support confidence as a mediating factor in especial skill effect. We concluded that cognitive theories fail to fully account for the patterns of observed data, and therefore theoretical explanations of the especial skills must address noncognitive aspects of motor learning and control.  相似文献   

Which drop jump technique is most effective at enhancing countermovement jump ability, “countermovement” drop jump or “bounce” drop jump?     

Brendan Michael Marshall  Kieran Andrew Moran 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1368-1374

Abstract

The drop jump is a popular form of plyometric exercise often undertaken to enhance countermovement jump ability (jump height). Despite its popularity the effects of drop jump training on countermovement jump height are often inconsistent. Such inconsistencies may be as a result of differences in the drop jump technique being employed. Two recognised forms of drop jump are the “countermovement” drop jump and the “bounce” drop jump and the current study examined the effects of eight weeks of training with these drop jump techniques on countermovement jump height. Methods: A kinetic and kinematic analysis of each participant's countermovement jump, bounce- and countermovement drop jumps was undertaken prior to training. Participants were then randomly assigned to a bounce drop jump training group (n = 34), a countermovement drop jump training group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 34). Changes in jump height were examined following training. Results: The countermovement drop jump training group increased their countermovement jump height by 2.9 cm (6%), which was a significant change (P < 0.05) in comparison to that experienced by the bounce drop jump (-0.2 cm, -0.4%) and the control group (-0.1 cm, 0.2%). Conclusion: The countermovement drop jump may be more effective than the bounce drop jump at enhancing countermovement jump height.  相似文献   

Specificity of a Maximal Step Exercise Test     

Lynn A. Darby Ph.D.  Jennifer L. Marsh M.Ed.  Patricia A. Shewokis Ph.D.  Roberta L. Pohlman Ph.D. 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(3):131-148

To adhere to the principle of “exercise specificity” exercise testing should be completed using the same physical activity that is performed during exercise training. The present study was designed to assess whether aerobic step exercisers have a greater maximal oxygen consumption (max VO₂) when tested using an activity specific, maximal step exercise test (SET; arms and legs) versus a maximal running test (legs only). Female aerobic step exercisers (N=18; 20.7 ± 1.5 years) performed three maximal graded exercise tests (GXTs): 2 SETs; 1 treadmill test (TMT). The SET consisted of six 3-min progressive stages of alternate lead, basic step, basic step with biceps curls, knee raise with pull-down, repeater knee with pull-down, lateral lunge with pull-down, and side squat with shoulder presses. Stepping rate was 32 steps· min^?1 on an 8-in (20.32 cm) step for stages 1–3, and a 10-in (25.4 cm) step for stages 4–6. Submaximal and maximal heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO₂) were recorded at the end of each stage. Test–retest reliability for the first five stages of the SET ranged from .91 to .97 for HR, and from .84 to .96 for VO₂. Maximal HR was significantly greater (p =.0001) for the SET (200 ± 6.2 beats·min^?1) as compared to the TMT (193 ± 7.9 beats·min^?1). No significant difference was found for max VO₂ (42.9 ± 8.5, 41.2 ± 5.9 ml·kg^?1·min^?1, p =.14). The SET was a valid and reliable protocol for assessing responses of these aerobic step exercisers; however, max VO₂ from a TMT did not differ significantly from the SET. Conversely, max HR obtained from the criterion TMT was 7 beats·min^?1 lower than from the SET. If a training HR for step exercise (arms and legs exercise) is prescribed based on the max HR from treadmill exercise (legs only), then the training HR should be calculated from a TMT max HR that has been increased by 7 beats·min^?1 to obtain an intensity of step exercise comparable to that of running.  相似文献   

Variations of Normal Children     

Thomas Goetz  Anne C. Frenzel  Oliver Lüdtke  Nathan C. Hall 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(1):84-101

Previous research indicates that academic emotions are largely organized along domain-specific lines. In the present study (N = 1,687; Grades 8/11), the authors explored the domain specificity of academic emotions in terms of the moderating influence of having the same versus a different course instructor across domains. The authors evaluated discrete emotions consisting of enjoyment, pride, anxiety, anger, and boredom as experienced in the academic domains of mathematics and physics. Consistent with previous findings, between-domain relations for these emotions were relatively weak. These relations were, however, significantly stronger in classes having the same instructor in mathematics and physics compared with classes having different instructors for each subject. Nevertheless, the between-domain relations in classes having the same instructor were not strong enough to disconfirm the domain-specific conceptualization of academic emotions. Last, the authors discuss directions for future research on additional factors potentially affecting the strength of between-domain relations of academic emotions.  相似文献