科学计量学在科学基金管理中的应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

梁立明  武夷山 《科研管理》1997,18(5):56-61

本文讨论了将科学计量学应用于科学基金管理应注意的三个环节：一、解决什么问题；二、选择什么指标，采集何种数据；三、科学计量模型建构与计量结果解释。结合若干关于国家自然科学基金管理的科学计量学研究实例进行了讨论  相似文献   

Convergence of national science and technology policies: the case of Finland   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Tarmo Lemola   《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

It is a commonly held view that differences in national histories, cultures, political contexts, and the timing of a country’s entry into the industrialization process are reflected as diversity among countries in their goals, priorities, boundaries, directions, ranges, instruments and also in the performance of science and technology policy. This article, which examines development processes of Finnish science and technology policy, concludes that instead of divergence there is such startling convergence of organizational forms and practices. Finland has largely adopted its policy doctrines and instruments from the countries, which from the Finnish perspective, have been considered legitimate and successful.  相似文献   

A collaborative autoethnography study to inform the teaching of reflective practice in STEM     

Rachael Hains-Wesson  Karen Young 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(2):297-310

The paper explores a collaborative self-study, autoethnography research project, which aided in informing practice for the teaching of reflective practice in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) at an Australian university. Self-report methods were used, because it enabled the collection of a variety of self-awareness data generated processes to help produce insights and understandings. This was achieved by undertaking a systematic approach to the exploration of a critical friendship between two academic support staff members alongside reflections from a recorded, focus group interview with nine STEM teachers. Four self-awareness data generated processes were used: (1) self-reflections; (2) collaborative reflections; (3) reflections on pertinent literature findings and (4) reflections from nine STEM teachers. A thematic analysis of the data was undertaken, which resulted in the discovery of three turning points such as moments of understandings that challenge assumptions and/or lead to new insights. The findings indicated that a STEM-centric, scaffolded approach that utilised the scientific method for reflective practice enabled the development of a shared understanding around teaching and assessing reflective practice for STEM teachers. First, because it boosted self-confidence and second, because it reduced scepticism around reflective practice as a non-scientific form of learning.  相似文献   

Extending expectancy-value theory predictions of achievement and aspirations in science: Dimensional comparison processes and expectancy-by-value interactions     

《Learning and Instruction》2017

Based on TIMSS data (18,047 Grade 8 students from the four OECD countries that collected data for multiple science domains), this study integrated dimensional comparison theory and expectancy-value theory and tested predictions about how self-concept and value are related to achievement and coursework aspirations across four science domains (physics, chemistry, earth science, and biology). First, strong support for social comparisons suggested that high achievement in a particular domain enhance students' motivation in the same domain, which in turn predicted domain-specific aspirations. Particularly, self-concept significantly interacted with value to predict aspirations. Second, in the processes underlying the formation of self-concept and intrinsic value, students tended to engage in negative dimensional comparisons between contrasting domains (physics vs. biology) but positive dimensional comparisons between assimilating domains (physics vs. chemistry). Similar dimensional comparison processes were evident for the effects of self-concept and intrinsic value on aspirations. The results generalized well across all countries.  相似文献   

Very long-term retention of the control of variables strategy following a brief intervention     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2017

Middle school students (n = 354) were tested for their understanding of the control of variables strategy (CVS) 2.5 years after participating in a study comparing three different interventions for teaching CVS. The key finding was that the pattern of effects observed in the 4^th grade continued to be observed in the 6^th grade. This was because (a) students who had mastered CVS in the 4^th grade were likely to continue to perform at mastery levels in the 6^th grade whereas (b) the learning of students who had not mastered CVS in 4^th grade was independent of the teaching intervention they had received in the 4^th-grade study. These findings demonstrate that a brief intervention of direct instruction in CVS can produce long-lasting learning of the principle of controlling variables.  相似文献   

STEM Is Elementary: Challenges Faced by Elementary Teachers in the Era of the Next Generation Science Standards     

Aaron D. Isabelle 《The Educational forum》2017,81(1):83-91

For students to achieve the goals of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) by Grade 12, thinking and acting like scientists and engineers must begin in the elementary grades. However, elementary teachers may find this challenging -because language arts and mathematics still dominate many classrooms—often at the expense of science. This essay examines the science skills elementary students are expected to learn and how teachers and administrators can approach the increased demands of NGSS.  相似文献   

Computer Technology,Science Education,and Students with Learning Disabilities     

Kumar  David  Wilson  Cynthia L. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1997,6(2):155-160

The ways computer technology could be used to teach science to students with learning disabilities (LD) are explored. Science is for all students and that includes students with LD. Learning science has both cognitive and affective implications for students with LD. In this context, computer technology provides cognitively engaging and motivating instructional tools for individualizing the mode of delivery; developing expert tutors; anchoring instruction; integrating science with other subjects; reducing cognitive load on working memory; and motivating students to stay on task. These applications are discussed with implications for teaching science to students with LD.  相似文献   

《孙子兵法》的企业管理价值     

杨先举 《滨州学院学报》2006,22(5):21-25

《孙子兵法》的思想精髓可以运用到企业管理中,管理有一般管理与特殊管理两方面,军管理与企业管理在这两方面都有其相通之处,也有相异之处,学习《孙子兵法》要区别军管理与企业管理抗争性质、对象、内容、时限、规则不同等特点,学习其悟道、得将、励士、造势、庙算、深攻、策胜等智慧。《孙子兵法》在其他行业运用实践古已有之,并远播海外,在指导工商、企业管理方面取得了显著成效。  相似文献   

《孙子兵法》的仁本观——兼与《司马法》比较     

李元鹏 《滨州学院学报》2007,23(5):49-52

对于《孙子兵法》的权谋用兵思想,历代思想家都给予了足够的重视,但往往忽视《孙子兵法》在战争观和治军思想中所体现出来的仁本精神,从仁本观产生的时代背景入手,分析了《孙子兵法》仁本观产生的根源及其主要内容,并通过与《司马法》仁本观的比较,阐释了《孙子兵法》仁本观的主要特征。  相似文献   

中国教育人类学传统图景的构建与评论     

巴战龙 《当代教育与文化》2020,(1):17-20,46

中国教育人类学是中国人类学学科群中活动最频繁、发展最迅速的分支学科之一,但是长期以来它被看成是改革开放以来的产物,认为其学科史极其短暂,可以叙述但无须研究。陈学金的《中国教育人类学简史》挑战了上述传统观点,不仅开展了较为深入和系统的"中国教育人类学的历史研究",而且提出和论说了若从1905年王国维提出"教育的人类学"的术语和内涵算起,教育人类学在中国已有上百年学科史的新锐观点。从历史和现实相交织的视角出发清晰和准确地界定何谓教育人类学,是分析和论述教育人类学存在与发展的合法性的基本前提,因而在未来的教育人类学的发展进程中,这本学科史的先驱性著作是"绕不开的研究",必将占有重要的学术地位。  相似文献