Does inequality in opportunity perpetuate inequality in outcomes? International evidence from four TIMSS cycles     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2021

Entrenched socioeconomic inequalities in achievement have been observed in international assessments for decades, with previous research suggesting that these inequalities may be exacerbated by differentiation in the opportunities provided to various social groups. Much previous research in this field has been US-based or subject to measurement issues. This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in outcomes and opportunities using four cycles of international assessment data across 78 countries. Further, the paper questions whether inequalities in opportunities are related to inequalities in outcomes. The findings indicate global social inequalities in mathematics and science outcomes, while inequality of opportunity was particularly concentrated in economically advanced countries. Little evidence of the perpetuation of socioeconomic inequality in achievement through differentiated educational provision was found.  相似文献   

对李约瑟<中国科学技术史》若干问题的消解     

王汝发 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,39(2):139-142

已故英国名科学史家李约瑟博士对中国科学技术史进行了深入探讨，其所的《中国科学技术史》对中国古代科学技术作出了实事求是的总结与概括，并提出了一些极有启发性的独创见解，对世界了解中国，消除误解与偏见作了极好的宣传。他对中国科学技术史的研究不存在“拔高”或“说好话”的倾向。他的《中国科学与明》被译成《中国科学技术史》并无不妥。否定“李约瑟难题”缺乏理论根据。  相似文献   

孙子“称胜”与“军食”新解     

吴承帮 《滨州学院学报》2007,23(4):7-9

《孙子兵法》中的有些文字历来解释纷纭,这也导致了对孙子某些思想的不同阐释。孙子讲"称胜",既体现了"知彼知己,百战不殆"的思想,又体现了量敌制胜的思想。而"军食"应该是"军"和"食",即军队的人员总数及其配备的各项物资和粮草。  相似文献   

云南高校体育专业学生择业现状及对策研究     

王虹  刘玮宏  杨英  白杨 《思茅师范高等专科学校学报》2008,24(3):100-104

体育专业是一种特殊的专业,随着近几年云南省高校体育专业学生就业面临诸多困难因素,怎样才能做好高校体育专业学生择业工作,是当前地方高校体育院系学生工作的一个重要课题.针对云南省高校体育专业学生择业问题,从学生的择业意向、择业期望、择业心理、择业指导方式、择业时注重因素及学生择业优势的自我评价等方面展开了问卷调查,并提出了相应的对策和建议.  相似文献   

Models and Paradigms in Kuhn and Halloun     

Paul Joseph Wendel 《Science & Education》2008,17(1):131-141

In Modeling Theory in Science Education, Halloun (2004) adopts the word ‘paradigm’, but his use of the term is radically different from that of Kuhn. In this paper, I explore some of the differences between Kuhn’s paradigms and Halloun’s paradigms. Where Kuhn’s paradigms are public, community-defining exemplars of practice, Halloun’s paradigms are private, individualized ways of thinking. Where Kuhn writes of the paradigm shift as a revolutionary, vision-altering conversion experience, Halloun writes of a gradual evolution from one way of thinking to another and an easy back-and-forth switch between paradigms. Since Kuhn’s paradigms are self-enclosed and incommensurable, there is no objective standard by which one paradigm can be shown to be superior to the other. But Halloun uses ‘viability’ as a standard for paradigm choice. Underlying all of this is the more basic question of whether the history of science is an appropriate metaphor for student progress in the classroom. I conclude with some brief thoughts on this question.  相似文献   

Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education     

Taro Numano  Yoshiyuki Nagata  Mariko Ichimi Abumiya 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2002,1(1-2):35-50

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

《孙子兵法》的文化根柢     

喻江 《滨州学院学报》2007,23(5):15-18

《孙子兵法》有着深厚的文化根柢:农耕文化与军事文化合一的社会生存与发展方式,农业文化为主的多种经济文化并存方式是其产生的客观土壤;原始的战争预测术衍生的军事谋略思想,《易经》中的军事哲理思想,春秋中叶以前论兵专著中的思想以及诸子百家的论兵之理是其产生与成熟的文化之源。孙子正是兼收并蓄、融会贯通千百年积累的战争经验、军事原则而创作出兵学经典《孙子兵法》的。  相似文献   

Facilitating teachers' professional growth through their involvement in creating context-based materials in science     

June M. George  Fred Lubben   《International Journal of Educational Development》2002,22(6):419

This paper traces the professional growth of science teachers in Trinidad and Tobago through their involvement in the production of context-based resource materials relevant to the lives of their students during workshop sessions. Grounded theory methods were used to analyse pre- and post-workshop questionnaire responses, tape-recorded group discussions and several draft lesson outlines. The findings show that professional growth is indicated by changes in the nature of the contexts chosen as lesson foci, the role of these contexts in the overall lesson design, and teachers' perceptions of contextualised teaching. Conflicts between students' cultural and scientific understandings were not addressed by these teachers.  相似文献   

论转变教育观念与高职院校科学人文教育融合     

米洪义 《四川职业技术学院学报》2007,17(4):84-86

高职院校科学教育与人文教育没有很好融合,主要原因是受传统教育思想、观念影响.增进高职院校科学教育与人文教育融合,当务之急是转变教育思想、观念,自觉将科学教育与人文教育融合的理念贯穿于高职教育全过程.  相似文献   

科技论文摘要撰写述要   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊华勇  吴红光 《襄樊学院学报》2003,24(6):71-75

在报道性、指示性、报道一指示性、结构式四种科技论的要中，报道性要除了在内容方面比带有指示性成分要更加具体以外，还有一些特征：不用或少用介绍性记述词语；尽量采用直接性语言；叙述时人称隐匿。而结构式要是把报道性要所包含的内容分项列出。要内容的要素有研究目的、研究方法、研究结果、结论和其他五大要素，一般应具备独立性、自含性、客观性、简洁性、清晰性和信息性特点。撰写时，除遵循一些国家标?隹规定的要求外，还应注意甄别和取舍论内容的主要信息；选取恰当的要类型，把握要篇幅和详略；做到“语言最简化，信息最大化”。  相似文献