Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships     

Brian Hanley 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1189-1195

The aim of this study was to describe the pacing profiles and packing behaviour of athletes competing in the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Finishing and split times were collated for 491 men and 347 women across six championships. The mean speeds for each intermediate 5 km and end 1.1 km segments were calculated, and athletes grouped according to finishing time. The best men and women largely maintained their split speeds between 5 km and 15 km, whereas slower athletes had decreased speeds from 5 km onwards. Athletes were also classified by the type of packing behaviour in which they engaged. Those who ran in packs throughout the race had smaller decreases in pace than those who did not, or who managed to do so only to 5 km. While some athletes’ reduced speeds from 15 to 20 km might have been caused by fatigue, it was also possibly a tactic to aid a fast finish that was particularly beneficial to medallists. Those athletes who ran with the same competitors throughout sped up most during the finish. Athletes are advised to identify rivals likely to have similar abilities and ambitions and run with them as part of their pre-race strategy.  相似文献   

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Kazumasa Takahashi  Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1366-1375

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.  相似文献   

Circadian rhythm effect on physical tennis performance in trained male players     

Álvaro López-Samanes  Diego Moreno-Pérez  José L. Maté-Muñoz  Raúl Domínguez  Jesús G. Pallarés  Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2121-2128

To determine the effect of circadian rhythm on neuromuscular responses and kinematics related to physical tennis performance, after a standardised warm-up, 13 highly competitive male tennis players were tested twice for serve velocity/accuracy (SVA), countermovement vertical jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (IS), agility T-test (AGIL) and a 10-m sprint (10-m RUN). In a randomised, counter-balance order, tennis players underwent the test battery twice, either in the morning (i.e., AM; 9:00 h) and in the afternoon (i.e., PM; 16:30 h). Paired t-tests were used to analyse differences due to time-of-day in performance variables. Comparison of morning versus afternoon testing revealed that SVA (168.5 ± 6.5 vs. 175.2 ± 6.1 km · h^?1; P = 0.003; effect size [ES] = 1.07), CMJ (32.2 ± 0.9 vs. 33.7 ± 1.1 cm; P = 0.018; ES = 1.46), AGIL (10.14 ± 0.1 vs. 9.91 ± 0.2 s; P = 0.007; ES = 1.23) and 10-m RUN time (1.74 ± 0.1 vs. 1.69 ± 0.1 s; P = 0.021; ES = 0.67) were significantly blunted during the morning testing. However, IS was not affected by time-of-day (P = 0.891). Thus, tennis performance may be reduced when competing in the morning in comparison to early evening. Therefore, coaches and tennis players should focus on schedule the SVA, power, speed and agility training sessions in the afternoon.  相似文献   

对青少年短跑运动员放松技术训练的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张青 《安徽体育科技》2003,24(1):31-32

通过运用调查法、文献资料综合法和实验方法对放松技术进行分析探讨，结果表明短跑运动员放松技术的提高，对提高运动成绩有重要作用。  相似文献   

中学生短跑运动员专项力量及其训练   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈起倪 《福建体育科技》1997,(4)

短跑专项力量是运动员完善专项技术，提高运动成绩的决定因素。短跑专项力量训练必须重视以应为轴的摆动力量；以踝关节肌群为主的离心—向心收缩力量；以肩为轴的上肢摆动力量，才能使短跑的力量训练产生事半功倍的效果。  相似文献   

提高短跑运动员技术水平应注意的问题   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

赵巍 《体育成人教育学刊》2003,19(2):73-74

在短跑训练中，普通存在的问题是：摆动腿后摆折叠不充分；摆动力量差；没有缓冲动作。因此，教练员必须把握目前短跑技术结构的发展规律，明确训练方向，并施之有效的训练手段，以达到提高短跑运动水平的目的。  相似文献   

青少年业余短跑训练中的若干问题     

戴建华  余维立 《体育科学》1996,(4)

针对当前我国青少年业余短跑训练在技术训练、力量训练全面发展和多年规划等方面的一些现象和问题、进行反思剖析和讨论,并在此基础上提出探讨性结论和建议。  相似文献   

短跑运动员肌肉能量消耗与肌肉损伤的研究     

陈丽英 《体育科学研究》2009,13(4):57-59

通过查阅国内相关文献资料,分析了短跑运动能量消耗的基本规律。由于短跑技术动作的不规范、缺乏准备活动或准备不充分、肌肉的紧张、全程节奏紊乱、肌肉柔韧性差、过度紧张的心理,造成了运动员身体能量的大量消耗,致使能量不足而出现肌肉损伤现象。并由此论述短跑运动员肌肉能量消耗与肌肉损伤的相关机理,提出了有利于运动员能量储备的训练方法。  相似文献   

我国短跑训练指导思想的误区及相应对策研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋亮  魏晓芸  宋惠娟 《山东体育科技》2005,27(4):1-3

雅典奥运，我国体育代表团取得了辉煌的战绩，但令人遗憾的是在短跑项目上仍未有所突破。针时近年采我国短跑项目的低迷状态，本文通过查阅文献资料，对我国短跑训练指导思想进行了深入的分析，认为我国在短跑训练思想上尚存在着一些误区。并针对主要误区提出了相应的对策和建议，希望广大教练员能从中获得启发。期盼我国短跑能在北京奥运会取得突破性进展。  相似文献   

高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术表面肌电(sEMG)特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张杰  吴瑛  康文峰 《成都体育学院学报》2011,37(9)

运用表面肌电遥测和高速摄像同步测试方法,结合功能解剖学知识,揭示我国部分高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术肌肉活动特征.结果表明:短跑途中跑摆动技术肌电特征表现为明显的时序性,肌肉间的收缩具有高度协调性.在完成摆动技术动作中,折叠前摆阶段,阔筋膜张肌、股直肌等屈髋肌以及胫骨前肌是参与活动的主要肌群;下压着地阶段,臀大肌、股二头肌长头、半腱肌是参与活动的主要肌群.在专项力量训练实践中,教练员应结合髋关节屈伸肌群的发力范围、发力特点,优选专项力量训练的手段,以提高训练效果.  相似文献