Guiding Low Spatial Ability Individuals through Visual Cueing: The Dual Importance of Where and When to Look     

Victoria A. Roach  Graham M. Fraser  James H. Kryklywy  Derek G.V. Mitchell  Timothy D. Wilson 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(1):32-42

Research suggests that spatial ability may predict success in complex disciplines including anatomy, where mastery requires a firm understanding of the intricate relationships occurring along the course of veins, arteries, and nerves, as they traverse through and around bones, muscles, and organs. Debate exists on the malleability of spatial ability, and some suggest that spatial ability can be enhanced through training. It is hypothesized that spatial ability can be trained in low-performing individuals through visual guidance. To address this, training was completed through a visual guidance protocol. This protocol was based on eye-movement patterns of high-performing individuals, collected via eye-tracking as they completed an Electronic Mental Rotations Test (EMRT). The effects of guidance were evaluated using 33 individuals with low mental rotation ability, in a counterbalanced crossover design. Individuals were placed in one of two treatment groups (late or early guidance) and completed both a guided, and an unguided EMRT. A third group (no guidance/control) completed two unguided EMRTs. All groups demonstrated an increase in EMRT scores on their second test (P < 0.001); however, an interaction was observed between treatment and test iteration (P = 0.024). The effect of guidance on scores was contingent on when the guidance was applied. When guidance was applied early, scores were significantly greater than expected (P = 0.028). These findings suggest that by guiding individuals with low mental rotation ability “where” to look early in training, better search approaches may be adopted, yielding improvements in spatial reasoning scores. It is proposed that visual guidance may be applied in spatial fields, such as STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine), surgery, and anatomy to improve student's interpretation of visual content. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Discussing adapted physical education during IEP meetings: First-hand parent experiences and a supporting tool     

Scott W.T. McNamara  Lauren Lieberman  Brad Weiner  Brock McMullen 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2021,21(4):302-311

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The impact of physiological load on anticipation skills in badminton: From testing to training     

D. B. Alder  D. P. Broadbent  J. Stead  J. Poolton 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1816-1823

Research remains unclear on the impact of physiological load on perceptual-cognitive skills in sport. Moreover, no study has examined the training of perceptual-cognitive skills under physiological load. The current study comprised two phases. Firstly, we examined the impact of badminton-specific physiological load on anticipatory skills in expert badminton players (n = 13), including key underlying mechanisms, such as gaze behaviour. Under high physiological load, participants displayed less efficient visual search behaviour and showed a reduction in response accuracy. Secondly, we examined the effects of combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with the high physiological load. Ten of the expert badminton players were assigned to a combined training group, where the simulation training and the physiological load intervention occurred simultaneously or an independent training group, whereby the two components were completed independently. The combined training group showed a positive change in the efficiency of their visual search behaviours compared to the independent training group, but no significant performance improvements were found. Overall, findings demonstrate that high physiological load is detrimental to experts’ anticipatory skills. However, combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with high physiological load can potentially negate these debilitating effects.  相似文献   

What do we see out of the corner of our eye? The role of visual pivots and gaze anchors in sport     

Christian Vater  Andrew Mark Williams  Ernst-Joachim Hossner 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2020,13(1):81-103

ABSTRACT

The role and importance of peripheral vision have been discussed across various sports. Yet, its functionality remains unclear and the terms employed in the literature to characterize the use of peripheral vision are not well defined. We present a review of 29 studies focusing on the use of peripheral vision in sports. We focus on the methodological approaches employed to study its use and identify the mechanisms that may underlie the effective use of peripheral vision in sport. We define key differences between ‘gaze anchors’ and ‘visual pivots’ and introduce the concept of a ‘foveal spot’. All three gaze behaviors, while being characterized by a consistent, dynamically adjustable gaze location, have different functionalities. A gaze anchor is a cue-optimized position used for the monitoring of peripheral cues and avoiding the negative consequences of saccades (i.e. information suppression), especially under time pressure. A visual pivot is a distance-optimized location between relevant cues which allows athletes to optimally initiate saccades to those cues, especially if the costs of eye-movements are low. A foveal spot is primarily used for information processing via the fovea. Finally, we highlight suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of the functional differences between these gaze behaviors.  相似文献   

Toward an Ethical Rhetoric of the Digital Scientific Image: Learning From the Era When Science Met Photoshop     

Jonathan Buehl 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2014,23(3):184-206

Over the past two decades, scientific editors have attempted to correct “mistaken” assumptions about scientific images and to curb unethical image-manipulation practices. Reactions to the advent and abuse of image-adjustment software (such as Adobe Photoshop) reveal the complex relations among visual representations, scientific credibility, and epistemic rhetoric. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's model of argumentation provides a flexible system for understanding these relations and for teaching students to use scientific images ethically and effectively.  相似文献   

浅谈东西方不同企业形象模式     

党明 《技术与创新管理》2006,27(4):109-109,112

鉴于企业形象识别中的主要部分——企业识别要素和企业形象设计在实际CI过程中和起主要作用,在此,针对企业识别要素和设计来进行探讨,并论述了企业形象设计发展和东西方的不同的企业形象模式的认识问题。  相似文献   

基于视觉注意计算模型的图像压缩新方法     

刘伟  汪云九  童勤业 《科技通报》2006,22(6):775-780

图像可以被分为重要的感兴趣区域和不重要的背景区域。提出了一种新的基于感兴趣区域的图像压缩方法。该方法首先使用一个基于视觉生理和心理物理实验基础的视觉注意计算模型计算图像中的感兴趣区域,然后用JPEG算法对感兴趣区域和背景区域采用不同的压缩比进行压缩。实验结果表明,该算法具有比JPEG算法更高的压缩效率,同时保证了图像良好的视觉效果。  相似文献   

舞台视效联动控制系统软件设计与实现     

白石磊  锁意涵  徐开  吴智勇  范绪威  庄畅 《演艺科技》2020,(3):44-48

解析一款舞台视效设备联动控制系统,可实现对舞台灯光、LED屏、投影等视效设备的联动控制,根据应用特点设计软件结构,并在实现中加以优化。  相似文献   

Childhood fears among children who are blind: the perspective of teachers who are blind     

Eman Al-Zboon 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2017,37(2):158-172

The aim of this study was to investigate childhood fears in children who are blind from the perspective of teachers who are blind. The study was conducted in Jordan. Forty-six teachers were interviewed. Results revealed that the main fear content in children who are blind includes fear of the unknown; environment-, transportation- and people-related fear; and fear of animals. The teachers reported that the reasons for fear in children with visual impairment include child-related reasons (internal reasons), lack of training (hearing, social skills, orientation and mobility [O&M] and tactile training), family factors and an unsuitable physical environment. O&M training, independence training, family counselling and environment adaptation were reported to be the best procedures to deal with fear in these children. Recommendations are provided in the light of the study.  相似文献   

Teaching students with visual impairments in an inclusive educational setting: a case from Nepal     

Kamal Lamichhane 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2017,21(1):1-13

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