足球比赛的负荷量化-结构、方法和特征     

缪律  史国生  黎涌明 《成都体育学院学报》2020,(2):93-99,106

足球比赛负荷是球员在比赛情景下完成各类动作所承受的物理、生理和心理等方面刺激之和。比赛负荷的量化结构分为外部和内部负荷,外部负荷的量化方法包括人工视频分析技术、自动轨迹追踪技术和全球定位设备,通过球员体能或技术表现的负荷量和强度来评定足球比赛中的行为活动特点,外部负荷特征表现为间歇性运动下频繁变向和短距离变速跑,高比例的中低强度无球跑穿插较少的高强度带球跑。内部负荷的量化方法包括耗氧量、心率和血乳酸等指标的测定,通过上述指标的变化幅度来评定足球比赛中的能量代谢水平;内部负荷特征表现为有氧供能为主、无氧磷酸原和糖酵解供能交替进行。现有研究局限为外部负荷低估了变向运动对足球比赛负荷的影响,内部负荷无法概括正式比赛的供能特征等。未来可尝试在优化量化方法基础上结合内外负荷,从而更精准地量化比赛负荷。  相似文献   

Bio-inspired untethered fully soft robots in liquid actuated by induced energy gradients     

Liang Xiong Lyu  Fen Li  Kang Wu  Pan Deng  Seung Hee Jeong  Zhigang Wu  Han Ding 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(5):970

Soft robotics with new designs, fabrication technologies and control strategies inspired by nature have been totally changing our view on robotics. To fully exploit their potential in practical applications, untethered designs are preferred in implementation. However, hindered by the limited thermal/mechanical performance of soft materials, it has been always challenging for researchers to implement untethered solutions, which generally involve rigid forms of high energy-density power sources or high energy-density processes. A number of insects in nature, such as rove beetles, can gain a burst of kinetic energy from the induced surface-energy gradient on water to return to their familiar habitats, which is generally known as Marangoni propulsion. Inspired by such a behavior, we report the agile untethered mobility of a fully soft robot in liquid based on induced energy gradients and also develop corresponding fabrication and maneuvering strategies. The robot can reach a speed of 5.5 body lengths per second, which is 7-fold more than the best reported, 0.69 (body length per second), in the previous work on untethered soft robots in liquid by far. Further controlling the robots, we demonstrate a soft-robot swarm that can approach a target simultaneously to assure a hit with high accuracy. Without employing any high energy-density power sources or processes, our robot exhibits many attractive merits, such as quietness, no mechanical wear, no thermal fatigue, invisibility and ease of robot fabrication, which may potentially impact many fields in the future.  相似文献   

Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist     

Johannes Funken  Kai Heinrich  Steffen Willwacher  Ralf Müller  Jonas Böcker  Hiroaki Hobara 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):75-87

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon), four force plates (Kistler) and a modified mathematical human model (ALASKA) were used to compare clockwise and counter clockwise curve sprinting lower limb kinematics and kinetics of a Paralympic medalist with a left-sided knee exarticular amputation. Results reveal that vertical ground reaction force application and total vertical impulse were lower when the affected limb was at the inside of the curve. The unaffected limb showed joint mechanics different to those established for non-amputee athletes and might contribute better to propulsion when being the inside limb. Curve sprinting biomechanics and the ability to attain high radial velocities are directly dependent on the side of amputation relative to the curve direction in a unilateral amputee athlete of highest performance level.  相似文献   

Carnosine in health and disease     

Guilherme Giannini Artioli  Craig Sale  Rebecca Louise Jones 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):30-39

Abstract

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have been conducted on skeletal muscle. Given this and the potential for muscle carnosine content to be increased with supplementation, there is now a large body of research examining the ergogenic effects (or otherwise) of carnosine. More recent research, however, points towards a potential for carnosine to exert a wider range of physiological effects in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, kidney and cancer cells. Taken together, this is suggestive of a potential for carnosine to have therapeutic benefits in health and disease, although this is by no means without complication. Herein, we will provide a review of the current literature relating to the potential therapeutic effects of carnosine in health and disease.  相似文献   

The effect of exercise interventions on resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders  Jaimon T. Kelly  Daniel So  Vernon G. Coffey  Nuala M. Byrne 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1635-1649

ABSTRACT

The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day^-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies.  相似文献   

车辆工程专业实践教学系统的改革     

张雨 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(19):46-48,59

讨论了我国汽车产业要求将车辆工程专业内涵定位于新能源汽车的原因;提出了新能源汽车相比于传统内燃机汽车的特点;给出了以新能源汽车为专业内涵的车辆工程专业对其实践教学系统进行改革的思路,介绍了实施改革所做的工作内容。  相似文献   

人类新基因HBVDNAPTP1结合蛋白的生物信息学分析     

伦永志  刘为国  朱莹  张国元  毛小强  司红敏  王琳 《大连大学学报》2006,27(6):80-83

[目的]应用生物信息学分析人类新基因乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA聚合酶(Polym erase)反式调节蛋白(HBVDNAPTP1)结合蛋白(HBVDNAPTP1BP).[方法]利用生物信息学技术分析HBVDNAPTP1BP基因的染色体定位与组织表达,以及编码蛋白的化学物理性质与结构特征.[结果]HBVDNAPTP1BP基因染色体定位于1号染色体短臂3区5带1亚带,可在组织中低表达,但在多个组织中无表达.HBVD-NAPTP1BP的相对分子量为11 905.6,理论pI为7.72,不同条件下的消光系数为14 230 M-1cm-1或13 980M-1cm-1(280 nm),在体外哺乳动物网状细胞中的半寿期为30 h,并且无卷曲螺旋区域,但具有3个较强的疏水区域.HBVDNAPTP1BP无特殊二级结构,仅有1个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,不具有跨膜螺旋结构,无信号肽序列,定位于细胞核中.[结论]应用生物信息学对HBVDNAPTP1BP进行了分析,为进一步研究其生物学功能及其在乙型肝炎、肝细胞癌中的作用机制提供了依据和线索.  相似文献   

穆旦:"自我"聚积起新诗的能量     

肖严 《钦州学院学报》2005,20(2):18-21

穆旦诗歌充满了不同的自我的声音,展示了人类心灵最为丰富而神秘的一面.以"带电的肉体"和"丰富而且危险"的写作方式直逼当前中国诗歌中"那一团模糊不清的诗意",颠覆了现代诗歌中残留的古典性和传统性,在此之上建立的是一个独异的穆旦世界多重、分裂的现代自我,苦涩的现代感情,人与世界、人与自身之间更加暧昧而复杂的关系.  相似文献   

普朗克与早期量子论     

王立  张小安  张辉 《咸阳师范学院学报》2002,17(2):40-43

回顾了量子力学发展初期的重要概念之一的能量子产生的背景及过程。探讨了普朗克大胆创新与守旧思想的主客观原因，以及普朗克对量子力学所做出的杰出贡献。  相似文献   

常量法和微量法测定蛋白质含量综合性实验设计     

赵玉荣  陈翠霞  张黎民  李幸凡  王文鑫 《实验技术与管理》2021,(2):44-48

蛋白质含量测定是生物化学和分子生物学研究中最常用的分析方法之一。该文以Bradford法为基础,利用紫外分光光度计(常量法)和多功能酶标仪(微量法)分别进行蛋白质含量测定。在此基础上,总结了常量法和微量法在测定蛋白质含量中的异同点。结果表明:常量法适合样品数量少、体积大的体系;而微量法则可以大大提高测试效率,特别适宜样品数量多、体积少的体系表征。由于微量法在相同条件下可同时完成多个样品的测试,具有更高的测量准确性。两种方法在实验中的综合运用可大大提高实验效率,有助于学生掌握Bradford法测定蛋白质含量的原理,认识常量法和微量法测定蛋白质含量的共性及特性,提高学生对紫外分光光度计和多功能酶标仪工作原理及工作特点的认识,显著提升学生的实验能力和逻辑思维能力,为从事相关科研工作奠定基础。  相似文献