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Prpić K 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(6):733-750
This paper finds that the Croatian public's and the social elites' perceptions of science are a mixture of scientific and technological optimism, of the tendency to absolve science of social responsibility, of skepticism about the social effects of science, and of cognitive optimism and skepticism. However, perceptions differ significantly according to the different social roles and the wider value system of the observed groups. The survey data show some key similarities, as well as certain specificities in the configuration of the types of views of the four groups--the public, scientists, politicians and managers. The results suggest that the well-known typology of the four cultures reveals some of the ideologies of the key actors of scientific and technological policy. The greatest social, primarily educational and socio-spatial, differentiation of the perceptions of science was found in the general public. 相似文献
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The objective of our study was to investigate young people's attitudes towards modern genetics and biotechnology. Quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted among high school students in Rio de Janeiro. These included a survey of students in nine public and private schools as well as focus groups for a complementary analysis of their attitudes and perceptions with respect to these subjects. We observe that, in general, students are relatively well informed about some of the main issues related to the applications of genetics. In their assessment of the utility, the potential risks, and the need for encouragement of the different techniques used in genetic manipulation, they were able to make clear distinctions between the different purposes of each technique. Most students believed that transgenic food could be useful and that it should be encouraged, but they were also aware that there were risks involved. Furthermore, the students were strongly supportive of the labeling of transgenic food. 相似文献
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Shaw A 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2002,11(3):273-291
This paper reports on one aspect of qualitative research on public understandings of food risks, focusing on lay understandings of genetically modified (GM) food in the UK context. A range of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical literature on food, risk, and the public understanding of science are reviewed. The fieldwork methods are outlined and empirical data from a range of lay groups are presented. Major themes include: varying "technical" knowledge of science, the relationship between knowledge and acceptance of genetic modification, the uncertainty of scientific knowledge, genetic modification as inappropriate scientific intervention in "nature", the acceptability of animal and human applications of genetic modification, the appropriate boundaries of scientific innovation, the necessity for GM foods, the uncertainty of risks in GM food, fatalism about avoiding risks, and trust in "experts" to manage potential risks in GM food. Key discussion points relating to a sociological understanding of public attitudes to GM food are raised and some policy implications are highlighted. 相似文献
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T.P. Dweba M.A. MearnsAuthor vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(6):564-571
Indigenous knowledge erodes rapidly. When the loss of this knowledge negatively affects the lives and health of traditionally living rural communities, a drive to conserve indigenous knowledge becomes vital. This article argues that the transfer of indigenous knowledge on traditional vegetables will ensure the availability and utilisation of this important food source for resource-poor rural communities. Data collected on the present use of traditional vegetables at a rural Xhosa village in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa documented indigenous practices of traditional vegetable use and measured attitudes and perceptions of young women. Findings revealed that although traditional vegetables are readily available, there is a decline in the use of traditional vegetables in this village. Since the loss of associated indigenous knowledge is a reality, and in view of the negative attitude towards traditional vegetables, future use of this valuable food source is threatened. The transfer of the associated indigenous knowledge holds the key to the potential future use of traditional vegetables. Altered perceptions of traditional vegetables are crucial for the conservation of the associated indigenous knowledge. As a result awareness campaigns to promote the use of traditional vegetables, related nutritional education, including proper cooking and preservation techniques are necessary. 相似文献
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We examine how the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), a recent U.S. government science and technology (S&T) program launched in 2000, affects the nature of university research in nanotechnology. We characterize the NNI as a policy intervention that targets the commercialization of technology and a focused research direction to promote national economic growth. As such, we expect that the NNI has brought about unintended consequences in the direction of university–industry knowledge flows and the characteristics of university research output in nanotechnology. Using a difference-in-differences analysis of U.S. nanotechnology patents filed between 1996 and 2007, we find that, after the NNI, U.S. universities have significantly increased knowledge inflows from the industry, reduced the branching-out to novel technologies, narrowed down the research scope, and become less likely to generate technological breakthroughs, as compared to other U.S. and non-U.S. research institutions. Our findings suggest that, at least in the case of the NNI, targeted government S&T programs may increase the efficiency of university research, but potentially do so at a price. 相似文献
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Godard B Ozdemir V Fortin M Egalité N 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2010,19(4):469-485
Substantial investments were made in population based biobanks over the past decade. Ethnocultural community members are both sponsors and beneficiaries of biobanks. In addition, the success of biobank projects depends on community support and participation. Yet there are few empirical data on views, perceptions and interests of ethnocultural communities on biobanks. This silent gap in genomics, ethics and policy literatures has to be addressed. We conducted a qualitative research study with in-depth interviews of ethnocultural community leaders (e.g., members of the Canadian Parliament, school commissioners) on their perspectives concerning population specific genomics research and biobanks. An equal partnership model where public is not only informed, but also involved in decision-making processes was perceived as an essential democratic requisite. These empirical data on ethnocultural community leaders' views, interests and perceptions identify several key socio-cultural and ethical factors that can be decisive for effective and sustainable community involvement in biobanks. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]医暴舆论空间积聚的情感能量推动观点衍化并深刻影响事件发展趋势,识别不同维度的情感认知且关注能量特征可有效循迹医患冲突的情感焦点。[方法/过程]以情感维度为能量源、情感能量特征为能量波构建医暴舆论情感能量域空间模型,能量源基于关键词云划分为自我认知、民生民意、社会发展三大维度,能量波以各认知维度的情感倾向、情感强度与扩散速度综合刻画能量趋势,最终依据能量域模型立体剖析突发医暴事件舆论空间。[结果/结论]结果显示,能量域空间模型能够真实反映医暴舆论情感演化趋势;各能量源均持续积聚负向情感能量;民生民意为医暴舆论的情感焦点。 相似文献
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林梅 《科学学与科学技术管理》2007,28(12):107-110
实证分析了知识和能力对中国企业集团多元化战略和国际化战略的影响,发现能力对两种战略的支持作用不明显,且能力本身存在结构性缺陷,知识对能力培育和战略扩张的促进作用明显,但知识基础单一。认为能力结构性缺陷源自资源结构单一,中国企业集团的发展亟需在获取知识渠道、发展知识多样性和质量方面加大努力。 相似文献
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Parales-Quenza CJ 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2004,13(2):131-153
This paper explores the public perceptions of genetically modified foods in Colombia in a phase considered germinal: the topic was too novel at the time of research. The analysis covers media, informal conversations, and the word associations made by a sample of residents in the city of Bogotá. The results show that the public capability of associating with the topic, even intuitively, is due to the availability of culture themes, the primary categories that help conceptual elaborations, and the construction of common-sense theories. Three themes are proposed: natural/artificial, tradition/change, and health/disease. It is argued that cultural themes are not only cognitive, but also affectively laden entities, which explains the evaluative force expressed by social beliefs. Acknowledging the relevance of the non-attitude thesis, the author suggests that people associate novel objects with latent cultural meanings, explaining why words, images, and metaphors are readily available in elaborating social knowledge. 相似文献
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科技馆是提高全民科学素质的重要科普场所.因此在科技馆内,特别是沿海多台风地区的科技馆内设置有关介绍台风知识的科普展品,如何让人们正确认识台风灾害,避害为福,实现人与自然的和谐相处,提高公众对台风的认识与防范意识,与普及地震知识的展品一样,有十分重要的意义.本文将就科技馆内有关台风知识介绍的专题展品的设置,提出一些设想. 相似文献
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This paper investigates domestic and foreign innovating firms’ determinants of R&D collaboration with domestic universities and public knowledge institutes in Finland and the Netherlands. We put particular emphasis on the impact of incoming academic spillovers on the probability to co-operate with these public R&D institutes.Based on data from Community Innovation Surveys we find that foreign firms in the Netherlands are less likely to co-operate with domestic public knowledge institutions than domestic firms, while in Finland no significant difference can be detected. Another result is that incoming knowledge spillovers are an important determinant for R&D collaboration with domestic public knowledge institutions in both countries. In case of foreign firms in Finland, incoming knowledge spillovers affect the probability to co-operate with public knowledge institutions more positively compared to domestic firms. For the Netherlands no substantial difference could be found in this respect. Further, innovating firms in Finland that require academic or basic knowledge do not co-operate significantly more with public knowledge institutions than those that need applied knowledge. At the same time they are willing to share knowledge with public R&D partners. In the Netherlands innovating firms that require relatively more basic than applied knowledge, increase the probability of co-operation with Dutch universities and public knowledge institutions but there is reluctance to share proprietary knowledge with public R&D partners. For both countries no significant difference between foreign and domestic firms with regard to academic knowledge requirements could be found. This raises the issue whether Finnish innovation policies with a strong focus on R&D co-operation provide incentives for strategic behaviour by domestic public partners to put more emphasis on applied research. 相似文献
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In this paper I question the claims made for a ‘coming era of nanotechnology’ and the ethical challenges, it is argued, that
are entailed by this particular technological revolution. I argue that such futurist claims are sustained by an untenable
modernist narrative which separates the technical and the social. This is exemplified by the work of K. Eric Drexler and his
claim that whilst the course of scientific knowledge may remain unpredictable we nevertheless can predict with accuracy the
trajectory of technology and particularly the emergence of nanotechnology. The problem then, on the basis of knowledge about
the future state of technology, is to make choices now which will forestall unintended and undesirable consequences. Firstly,
the paper argues for a radical scepticism towards all forms of forecasting or prediction but especially technological forecasting
of the type exemplified in the debate around nanotechnology. Secondly, given this radical scepticism the paper criticises
the idea that a prospective ethics can be created on the basis of an assessment of consequences of nanotechnology. 相似文献
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日常语境下,我们常常将科学与知识相等同,但实际上它们有着截然不同的内涵。知识意味着一种事实;而科学则通常建立在一些理想化模型、假说等的基础之上,科学的见解在更多情况下并不是事实。较之知识论对知识的定义和对知识价值的褒扬,科学的非事实性特征表明了它与知识的本质区别,如此,科学的价值似乎也远低于知识。然而,这一结论显然与实际不符。从理解入手来思考知识论问题,不仅可以促使我们对知识的价值问题作出深刻的反思,而且也可以论证出科学所基于的非事实性的理解同样是一种重要的认知价值。 相似文献
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关于公安情报学与情报学的关系学术界存在两种截然相反的观点:一是公安情报学是情报学的分支学科;二是公安情报学与情报学无从属关系,公安情报学应完全脱离情报学进行专业建设。文章从学科名称、产生背景、历史渊源、研究对象、研究内容、学科定位、学科重点、实践工作、方法技术、基础学科与学科建制等多方面对两者异同与关系作了分析,据此指出:两种观点各有其合理性,但也有失偏颇,公安情报学与情报学关系密切亦有较大区别,公安情报学不宜作为情报学的分支学科而应作为公安学的分支学科进行建设,但也不能完全脱离情报学,情报学是公安情报学重要的基础学科。 相似文献
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本文比较了公众和科技工作者自己对我国科技工作者群体在科研能力、科研道德与精神、与社会的沟通联系以及社会经济地位方面的评价,发现我国科技工作者的公众形象远远好于其自我形象.我们认为,由于我国公众对科技工作者的工作情况了解不多,对后者的印象有过度乐观和美化的倾向.这种倾向不利于科技共同体的自律,从长远来看,也不利于良好的科技工作者公众形象的塑造. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 区别于单一维度的情感强度测度,基于情感语义空间的食品安全舆情情感分析从立体空间角度探析情感的细粒度表征及情感焦点,对政府及有关部门提升舆情治理水平具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 运用PAD情感模型构建情感语义空间,以2018年食品安全舆情为例,一方面,将情感词映射至情感语义空间,根据位置判别情感词多维情感强度;另一方面,根据情感语义空间的表现形式划分情感层次,探寻不同情感指向特征。[结果/结论] 多维情感语义空间中,食品安全舆情情感的自我认知层愉悦度较高,表明公众认为自身对食品安全有较好的认知;舆情中社会发展和民生民意空间呈现明显的负向情绪,且网民在表达该类情感时的神经生理激活水平较高,应引起政府高度重视。食品安全舆情中的意见领袖对他人情感有较强的影响力,政府应加强与该领域意见领袖的沟通与引导。 相似文献