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1.
从影响及调节的角度切入,采用SBM-ML指数法、面板门槛和面板向量自回归模型,厘清我国环境政策自深化稳定以来差异化环境规制工具与工业绿色发展之间的关系。结果显示：(1)命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应随规制强度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,但前者影响更大；市场激励型则与规制强度成反比。(2)短期内命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的调节效应灵活且相反,但后者幅度更大；长期内则有市场激励型持续正向调节。至此,提出综合差异化环境规制工具建立一个平衡、动态协调的环境规制混合系统的建议。 相似文献
2.
《科技管理研究》2020,(12)
从影响及调节的角度切入,采用SBM-ML指数法、面板门槛和面板向量自回归模型,厘清我国环境政策自深化稳定以来差异化环境规制工具与工业绿色发展之间的关系。研究结果显示:(1)命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应随规制强度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,但前者影响更大;市场激励型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应则与规制强度成反比。(2)短期内命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的调节效应灵活且相反,但后者幅度更大;长期内则有市场激励型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展呈持续正向调节。基于研究结论,提出综合差异化环境规制工具建立一个平衡、动态协调的环境规制混合系统的建议。 相似文献
3.
为探讨公众参与理论对“波特假说”的影响机制,利用SE-SBM模型测得各省市“经济-资源-环境-社会”四位一体的绿色全要素生产率,并从客观层面、主观层面和结果层面3个层面的指标采用熵权法合成公众参与度测量标准,通过运用空间计量模型和门槛效应模型,研究公众参与理论视角下环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的作用机制。结果发现:(1)公众参与对绿色全要素生产率具有正向直接效应和空间溢出效应,环境保护领域的公众参与理论得到验证;(2)在目前阶段,公众参与和正式环境规制工具尚未能相互配合、相互促进达到提高绿色全要素生产率的目的,即未能发挥正向交互作用;(3)公众参与程度是经济激励型环境规制方式“波特假说”成立的边界条件;(4)命令控制型环境规制水平对公众参与环境保护效果具有门槛效应。 相似文献
4.
以30家海工装备制造企业为研究案例,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从命令控制型环境规制、市场激励型环境规制、自愿型环境规制以及隐性环境规制四个方面探究影响海洋企业技术创新的环境规制组态.研究发现,产生高技术创新绩效和非高技术创新绩效的组态解分别有两个;自愿型环境规制与隐性环境规制之间存在潜在替代关系;强市场激励型环境规制... 相似文献
5.
结合计划行为理论,以高端制造企业为例,探讨了不同类型的环境规制、绿色技术创新意愿与绿色技术创新行为之间的内在逻辑关系和相互作用程度。层级回归分析结果表明：环境规制中的命令控制型和市场激励型均对绿色技术创新意愿和行为有显著的直接正向诱导作用,其中命令控制型环境规制对绿色技术创新意愿的诱导性更强,市场激励型环境规制对绿色技术创新行为的诱导性更强;绿色技术创新意愿能够对绿色技术创新行为产生显著的直接正向影响。研究结果还表明：绿色技术创新意愿在不同类型的环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间所起的中介作用具有差异性,对命令控制型环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间的关系发挥着完全中介效应,对市场激励型环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间的关系发挥着部分中介效应,这揭示了“不完全规制”现象背后产生的原因以及“波特假说”得到进一步支持的中介变量。 相似文献
6.
本文利用1997—2013年中国30个省区市的资源消耗、环境污染和经济发展数据,结合Super-DEA方法对中国省际工业绿色全要素生产率进行测算,并以此为基础探究中国不同环境规制工具的节能减排效应差异.结果表明： 市场激励型比命令—控制型规制工具更具减排灵活性和激励长效性,命令—控制型规制手段对区域工业绿色全要素生产率的影响呈U形关系,基于经济激励方式下“利用市场”的环境政策工具——排污收费制度效应为正,而“建立市场”的环境政策工具——排污权交易试点政策并未表现出显著稳定的效应;东部地区的规制运行整体优于中西部地区,西部次之,中部最差;环境法制的完善对政府“利用市场”起到一定的促进作用,但“建立市场”的法制体系尚未健全.最后,提出相应的政策建议. 相似文献
7.
随着环境规制联合治理体系的构建,政府规制工具的变更很大程度上依赖于当地绿色经济的发展现状,厘清两者间的互动反馈机制,有助于政府选择合适的规制手段推动绿色经济螺旋式上升。本文基于2007—2016年中国省际环境规制和经济投入产出的面板数据,采用非径向方向性距离函数构造绿色经济绩效指标,运用面板VAR模型测度环境规制体系互动视角下的绿色经济发展与各主体环保行为的互动效应。在此基础上,将绿色经济增长率分解为“追赶效应”“创新效应”和“领先效应”,分别探究东、中、西部地区3种效应与地方政府环保行为的互动影响。结果表明：①全国层面,绿色经济发展与政府偏好下的命令型环境规制呈互动正相关关系,形成“绿色经济发展—命令型环境规制”的螺旋上升机制,而与市场型环境规制手段负相关,同时虽然公众环保行为未有效助力绿色经济发展,但绿色经济仍对其存在拉动作用。②分地区考察发现,政府环保工具的选择存在显著的地区依赖特征。绿色经济绩效的提升致使东部地区致力于自主型环境规制的开发,但现阶段绿色经济发展仍依赖于市场型环境规制,中部地区政府环保更依赖于命令型环境规制,而西部地区现阶段并没有环保的意愿。③由于绿色技术的区别,地方政府的规制手段受到不同效应的差异化影响。各地区应综合考虑自身特征,因地制宜完善环境规制体系,设定阶段性技术创新目标。 相似文献
8.
加快海水养殖业绿色转型对于全面推进海洋生态文明建设具有重要的现实意义,然而环境规制能否以及如何促进海水养殖业绿色转型尚无定论。本文以波特假说理论为基础,深入分析环境规制影响海水养殖业绿色转型的作用机制,以2009—2019年中国沿海地区省际面板数据为样本,采用基于系统GMM的动态面板模型和面板门限回归模型实证检验环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型的影响。研究发现：①环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型总体呈现先抑制后促进的“U”型非线性影响,且影响具有一定的滞后性。②不同环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型的影响存在异质性,命令型环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型产生先抑制后促进的“U”型非线性影响,市场型环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型的影响在短期内不显著。③市场型环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型的影响存在基于命令型环境规制的单门限效应,当命令型环境规制强度跨越阈值时,市场型环境规制对海水养殖业绿色转型的影响将失效。本文结论丰富了波特假说理论在海水养殖业方面的应用,为促进海洋环境治理与海水养殖业绿色转型双赢提供了有力的科学依据。 相似文献
9.
为进一步探究董事绿色联结关系在重污染企业绿色并购后绿色技术创新中的纽带作用，回答企业内部因素如何影响企业绿色并购后绿色技术创新的问题，考察不同类型的环境规制在董事绿色联结与绿色并购后绿色技术创新之间的异质性调节作用，以2012—2020年我国沪深A股重污染行业上市公司绿色并购为对象，采用多元回归分析法进行实证检验。结果发现：具有绿色联结关系的董事能够显著促进重污染企业绿色并购后的绿色技术创新，且这一促进作用在非国有企业、高研发投入企业以及高竞争度行业更为显著；命令控制型环境规制在董事绿色联结对企业绿色并购后绿色技术创新的影响中起负向调节作用，而市场激励型环境规制“U”型调节两者之间的关系。因此重污染企业在进行绿色并购后绿色技术创新重大决策时，应重视董事绿色联结这一非正式制度，并准确判断市场动向和政策导向，充分发挥董事绿色联结的作用，推动企业实现更高效的绿色发展。 相似文献
10.
不同环境规制政策对中国规模以上工业企业技术创新的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考察不同环境规制工具对中国企业技术创新及路径选择的影响,有利于中国实施高效的环境规制政策。本文使用2013—2017年中国30个省规模以上工业企业的面板数据,将企业技术创新分为内部自主研发和外部引进,探究市场激励型和命令控制型两类环境规制政策对工业企业技术创新的影响。结果表明：①两类环境规制工具对企业技术创新均发挥了不同程度的促进作用,且呈现出一定的结构和时序特征,部分验证了波特假说“弱”版本。具体如下：命令控制型工具在2016年新一轮“环保风暴”后对企业创新行为具有显著的促进作用;市场激励型工具对企业创新行为具有显著促进作用,但呈现作用随年递减的趋势;相较于企业技术引进而言,两类环境规制工具对企业自主研发的激励效果更大;在市场激励型工具中,碳交易市场对工业企业技术创新发挥了促进作用,且主要体现在外部引进方面。②分地区而言,东部和中部地区的结果与全国的结果呈现出相对的一致性;西部的结果符合波特假说“狭义”版本,即市场激励型环境政策工具比命令控制型环境规制对西部工业企业的创新激励更大。本文创新性地在环境规制中引入了可再生能源发电补贴和碳排放交易制度,细化了波特假说的内在作用机制,为国家进一步优化环境政策体系进而激励工业企业技术创新提供了科学依据。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献