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1.
简要分析了我国国家创新体系研究的要点与局限，设计出一种以人的创新为核心的螺旋型国家创新体系模型，对推动螺旋形国家创新体系演化的人、技术与制度三个要素分别进行论述，并分析了它们之间内在的相互作用，最后阐明了螺旋型国家创新体系演化的内在机制与动力。 相似文献
2.
分析高新技术产业基地的制度性含义以及高新技术产业制度的一般演化逻辑,揭示演化视角下与开发区、高新区的制度性差异及其制度优势:集聚优势,专业化优势,创新优势. 相似文献
3.
国家创新体系研究在中国:演化与未来展望 《科学学研究》2021,39(9):1683-1696
依据国家创新体系研究在中国的发展,本文将其划分为引入期、探索期、发展期和新时期四个阶段,跟踪讨论了国家创新体系研究主题的演化。研究表明,国家创新体系国内研究自20世纪90年代以来,伴随着我国科技体制改革的不断深入,发生了较为显著的变化,演化过程为:由引入期对国家创新体系内涵与功能的初探到探索期对知识经济时代国家创新体系建设的深入分析,再到发展期强化自主创新体系建设研究,直到当前新时期创新驱动发展战略下关于创新能力与开放合作的研究。此外结合对主要研究主题的系统回顾与我国推进创新型国家与科技强国建设的需求,本文对国家创新体系未来研究重点议题进行了展望,提出迫切需要加强对满足或实现高效协同、举国体制、开放合作、转型发展、安全可控等特征或要求的国家创新体系的研究。本文的研究为更加全面地了解国家创新体系国内研究的发展脉络和演化进程,把握国内研究的研究热点与发展趋势提供了新的参考依据。 相似文献
4.
在“跟跑、并跑与领跑”的三大阶段,中国成功构建从政府主导下“产学研”松散联系到“政产学研”紧密互动,再至“政产学研金介用”七位一体协同联动的国家创新体系结构演化路径,为中国式现代化奠定制度安排。本研究系统梳理了中国国家创新体系的实践演进与理论脉络,从超越追赶视角阐释了政府引导、多元协同、包容适应的中国式创新基本特点与实现路径,拓展了技术追赶理论的情境解释与适用边界,从创新环境、创新主体、创新资源和创新体制四个方面解析后发国家构建国家创新体系的战略必要性并提出针对性建议。在新一轮科技革命加速全球要素资源颠覆性重组的背景下,我国亟待深化认识国家创新体系发展规律,建成与特殊国情、阶段需求相匹配的新型国家创新体系,构建高质量发展新格局下的长期制度安排。 相似文献
5.
杨忠泰 《科学技术与辩证法》2008,25(2):105-110
国家高新技术产业开发区作为我国发展高新技术产业的高地和促进区域经济内涵发展的增长极,与区域创新体系在地域、结构、功能和目标等方面存在着高度关联性;为区域创新体系建设提供了良好的科技智力、产业、环境和法律制度基础.因此,应以我国发展比较成熟的国家级高新区为支撑点和载体,逐步形成以点带面的区域性的创新网络,推动区域创新体系的建设和形成. 相似文献
6.
纵观历史,每次工业革命都催生了国家创新体系的不断发展和演化。领先国家凭借其组织基因和制度基因在前三次工业革命中脱颖而出。通过对三次工业革命的对比分析,可得三次工业革命的制度基因分别为:(1)专利制度、土地制度;(2)科研型大学制度;(3)拜杜法案、金融市场的风险投资制度。组织基因分别为:(1)大工厂生产形式;(2)发明家创办企业、企业实验室、科学管理、标准化大规模生产、股份制企业、两权分离;(3)高新技术产业集群。后发国家在继承领先国家制度基因的基础上,通过发展创新制度体系和组织生产形式,不断完善国家创新体系,推动并领导新一轮工业革命,实现追赶和超越。 相似文献
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8.
工业革命最先发生在英国，其之创新体系的演化对于我国有重要的借鉴意义。本文将英国国家创新体系的演进过程分为三个时间段，即工业革命—19世纪末、19世纪末到二战前，以及二战后至今。在这三个时间段中，英国的国家创新系统发生了一系列变化。文中分别就这三个阶段，分析了英国国家创新系统演变的整体经济环境，各创新主体的发展状况及相关制度及其建设的影响，以及各创新主体之间的相互关系与作用。 相似文献
9.
《中国科技论坛》2021,(6)
新兴产业监管是新一轮科技革命和产业变革浪潮下国家治理体系的重要组成部分。从动态演化视角出发,梳理和剖析新兴产业监管实践的发展脉络对理解其现实路径选择和把握未来发展趋势具有重要意义。网约车是新兴产业的典型代表,从合法化到规范化、成熟化,其监管模式经历了一个渐进演化的过程。通过对网约车监管的分析可以发现,新兴产业监管模式的演化是路径依赖、众创试验,以及监管规则的"双向建构"这三种机制共同作用的结果,其演化动力是技术与制度的协同创新,演化核心是权力结构的重塑,演化关键是风险和创新的动态平衡。未来要进一步强化新兴产业监管模式创新,从而为科技进步成果向发展新动能的转化提供良好制度环境。 相似文献
10.
系统梳理了国家创新体系及其国际化的相关理论研究进展,在前人有关国家创新体系"结构-主体"分析模型的基础上,首次从系统和动态演进的视角,研究提出了国家创新体系国际化"要素-制度-功能-阶段"四维分析模型。基于该模型,参鉴国际权威创新评价报告的基础指标及数据,研究构建了国家创新体系国际化评价指标体系,并对包括中国在内的21个国家的国家创新体系国际化综合水平进行了实证评价。结果显示,美国国家创新体系国际化综合水平得分最高,中国的得分在所有发达国家之后,但领先于其他发展中国家;中国与发达国家之间的差距主要体现在制度维度。最后,本文从三个维度提出了中国国家创新体系国际化发展的改进建议。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
17.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
18.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
19.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献