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1.
为更好发挥北京高校在基础研究、产学研协同创新和区域科技创新等方面的优势,进一步推动科技创新中心建设,采用实证分析方法,依据2012—2017年北京高校在RD人员、RD经费投入、科技产出及成果、专利所有权转让及技术合同成交等方面的数据,找出北京高校参与科技创新中心建设的问题与短板,针对存在的问题给出对策与建议。 相似文献
2.
在界定科技服务业的投入要素和产出要素的基础上,以西安市为例对科技服务业投入要素与产出要素的影响关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,科研项目完成数显著影响科技论著发表数、专利授权数、科技服务业增加值,是影响科技产出的共性因素;科技活动人员数显著影响专利授权数和科技服务业增加值,但对科技论著发表数影响不显著;而上年RD经费支出数只对科技服务业增加值有显著影响,对其他产出要素无显著影响。 相似文献
3.
《科学学与科学技术管理》2016,(1)
对比分析我国不同类型产业的专利产出对RD投入要素的敏感程度,采用产业专利申请量变化率与RD人员全时当量变化率、RD经费总量变化率、RD项目总量变化率的比值作为弹性的计算方法,按产业年均专利申请规模划分产业类型并进行对比研究。结果表明:低规模和高规模专利产出的产业中专利申请量受RD人员全时当量的影响最为明显;中规模专利产出的产业中专利申请量受RD经费总量的影响最为明显。因此,在制定相关产业政策时需要考虑产业的不同类型,以便建立最有效的RD投入组合。 相似文献
4.
本文基于创新成果类型视角,将高校科技创新成果分为学术产出成果和经济产出成果,采用随机前沿模型对高校科技创新的学术产出效率、经济产出效率及其关键影响因素进行了探索性的研究。主要的研究发现有:(1)样本期内,高校的学术产出是投资驱动型的,学术产出成果的增加主要依靠RD资本经费的投入来实现;RD资本存量对高校经济产出效率具有负向影响,而适当增加RD活动人员有助于提升经济产出效率。(2)各省份高校之间的学术产出效率、经济产出效率存在明显差异,但都呈现东部最高、中部次之、西部最低的分布特征,表明高校的科技创新效率与当地的经济发展水平存在一定的关联程度。(3)加强高校的科技活动交流可以显著提升高校学术产出效率和经济产出效率;高校普遍偏重"数量"的考评制度使得RD人员素质和学术产出效率显著正相关,与经济产出效率非显著负相关;样本期间,加大政府经费支持力度不能有效提升学术产出效率。 相似文献
5.
技术创新资源投入与产出绩效的关系是学术界一直关注的焦点之一。在回顾分析国内外相关文献的基础上,基于我国电子与通讯设备制造业1995—2008年的面板数据,引入非RD投入指标对以往的分析指标进行完善,建立新的理论模型,实证回归分析了技术创新资源投入与产出绩效的关系。结果表明:RD经费投入和非RD投入对产出绩效具有正向影响,尤其是对发明专利拥有量的影响十分显著;而RD人员投入却对不同的产出绩效指标产生不同的影响。最后就进一步提高我国电子与通讯设备制造业的产出绩效提出了具有针对性的政策建议。 相似文献
6.
《科学学研究》2017,(7)
借鉴经济学中弹性理论,将RD活动产出指标变化率与投入指标的变化率的比值定义为弹性系数,选取我国31个省市2009-2013年RD投入与产出数据,在考虑滞后期的基础上对比分析各省市RD产出对投入的敏感性,并探究RD产出对投入的弹性系数的动态演变过程。研究表明:我国大多省市RD投入对专利授权量转化效率高呈规模报酬递增;科技论文数量对RD人员全时当量的弹性系数受各省市高等院校和科研机构数量影响较大;各省市RD经费投入对科技论文数量产出的转换效率低呈规模报酬递减;对比2009年和2013年数据,各省市RD投入稳步增加,但弹性有下降趋势。因此,我国各省市科技政策制定工作的侧重点应该逐步从不断增加RD投入向合理调整RD资源的分配组合倾斜,推动各个级别的科研经费的改革与调整迫在眉睫。 相似文献
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8.
为探明各种科技要素投入和各种科技产出对品牌资产的不同影响,以连续5年进入中国500强企业中的86个企业为样本,分别用科技创新的投入和产出维度与品牌价值做多元回归,结果表明,投入和产出两个维度都正向影响品牌价值,其中研发经费投入存量、研发人员投入存量和研发经费投入强度都正向显著影响品牌价值,但研发人员投入强度的影响不显著;三种专利产出也都显著正向影响品牌价值,且质量高的专利影响更大。 相似文献
9.
基础研究是区域技术创新和经济增长的重要源泉,而科技基础设施是科研活动的重要保障。运用2003—2016年我国30个省区相关数据,基于经典生产函数形式,实证分析高校基础研究投入、科技基础设施对区域创新绩效的影响效应,得出结论如下:从全国范围看,高校基础研究和科技知识基础设施对区域专利产出具有显著正向促进作用,科技物力基础设施则产生显著负向影响效应,高校基础研究和科技基础设施的协同作用对区域专利产出产生影响效应确实存在。从各地区看,基础研究、科技基础设施对不同地区专利产出的影响效应存在差异;基础研究和科技物力基础设施对各地区专利产出均产生显著正向协同影响效应,且东、中部优于西部。基础研究和科技知识基础设施对各地区具有正向协同影响效应,西部影响系数最高。 相似文献
10.
利用面板数据,进而运用stata软件,采用多元回归运算,建立各科类学校的科研产出模型,揭示不同科类高校科研活动基本态势。研究发现,不同科类院校普遍存在忽视基础研究及科技服务职能的现象;各科类高校在获取科研资金能力方面存在差异,政府对工科院校投入偏多,对医药院校投入偏少,综合院校与工科院校在获取竞争性科研资金方面明显强于其他三类院校;各科类高校在专利授权产出及论文和专著方面对投入资金与RD人员的需求各异。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献