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1.
近年来,学者们对制造商双渠道(制造商拥有在线渠道,零售商只拥有传统线下渠道)进行了广泛而深入的研究,对于零售商双渠道(零售商同时拥有线上渠道和传统线下渠道)却鲜有研究.通过Stackelberg博弈理论分析了零售商双渠道供应链的决策策略,给出制造商和零售商的均衡策略,并探讨了均衡解与各参数之间的关系.通过对分散式决策下和集中式决策下的供应链总体利润进行比较,得出分散决策下零售商双渠道供应链总体利润小于集中决策下零售商双渠道供应链总体利润.据此,设计3种收益共享契约.研究表明:第一种和第二种收益共享契约不能实现零售商双渠道供应链的协调,而第三种收益共享契约可以实现零售商双渠道供应链的协调,针对第三种收益共享契约给出了协调证明和数值算例分析. 相似文献
2.
零售商双渠道下闭环供应链协调策略研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
考虑零售商在传统销售渠道基础上建立网上销售渠道,以博弈论为基本方法,假定制造商和零售商都是风险中性和完全理性的,研究零售商负责废旧产品回收的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制。通过分析比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和收益状况,得出分散决策下的双渠道闭环供应链没有达到帕累托最优,供应链成员的利润仍有改进空间。为了实现供应链整体利润最大化,设计了零售商销售收益共享-回收成本共担的契约来激励制造商和零售商,且当契约参数满足一定条件时,供应链系统实现协调,然后给出契约参数的合理范围,使制造商和供应商的收益均达到帕累托最优。最后应用一个算例分析其有效性。 相似文献
3.
研究考虑反展厅现象的家居行业的双渠道定价决策和服务努力问题,构建集中决策和分散决策两种博弈模型,比较分析了反展厅效应和市场份额对制造商和零售商影响.研究表明:反展厅效应很强或很弱,利于集中决策模式下的供应链总利润;反展厅效应加剧了分散决策模式下双方的价格竞争;当制造商和零售商的市场份额存在较大差异,集中决策模式下的供应链总利润更大;在分散决策下,当市场份额均处于较低水平时,制造商和零售商均能获得更大利润;在集中决策模式下的总利润大于分散决策模式下两方利润之和. 相似文献
4.
在考虑碳税和消费者低碳意识下,从供应链之间合同关系的角度研究合同形式对制造商减排及供应链成员利润的影响。首先求出分散式供应链下制造商的最优碳排放量和批发价及零售商的边际利润,然后求出减排成本分担和成本分担下纳什讨价还价模型下零售商的最优分担比例,并对3种情况进行对比分析。研究发现,减排成本分担和成本分担下纳什讨价还价模型中制造商的最优碳排放量要低于分散式供应链下制造商最优碳排量,其零售商和制造商的均衡利润也要高于分散式供应链。通过数值分析,分析减排成本对于制造商和零售商均衡利润及分担比例的影响。 相似文献
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6.
《技术与创新管理》2017,(2)
为激励制造商进行绿色技术创新,提高绿色产品的市场需求,针对单一制造商和单一零售商构成的双边垄断供应链,建立制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型。考虑到绿色技术创新可以降低制造商的生产成本,研究普通产品和绿色产品在分散决策下的优劣,分析绿色产品在分散、集中两种策略下的决策与收益,进而提出基于绿色技术创新的收益共享成本分担契约。研究表明:绿色产品较普通产品更能提高供应链的经济和环境效益;集中决策和契约机制的引入,能提高产品绿色水平、订货量及供应链成员的利益,并推导出制造商和零售商参与约束的最优收益分享系数的取值范围。最后,通过数值分析了制造商的绿色技术创新意愿和消费者对绿色产品的偏好对供应链最优决策及利润的影响,验证了契约机制的有效性。 相似文献
7.
在制造商和零售商同时进行CSR投入下,研究制造商许可第三方回收及再制造的闭环供应链定价决策及协调问题.利用博弈理论讨论了分散与集中式决策下闭环供应链节点企业的最优决策,分析了制造商和零售商的CSR投入对闭环供应链成员及整体绩效的影响.研究表明随着制造商和零售商CSR投入的增加,新产品的批发价格、零售价格,专利保护费都会随之增加,制造商、零售商及系统整体的利润也会随之增大.针对分散式决策存在"双重边际"的问题,以集中式决策的最优解为基准,设计了"收益共享成本共担"契约,该契约不仅可以实现闭环供应链系统协调,还能促使制造商和零售商提高CSR投入水平. 相似文献
8.
本文针对单个制造商和零售商组成的闭环供应链系统,基于博弈论的基本方法,分别构建了集中式、制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈、零售商领导的Stackelberg博弈、制造商和零售商存在Nash均衡博弈等模式下的闭环供应链决策模型,进而对比分析消费者搭便车行为对不同权力结构闭环供应链的决策及利润等影响问题。研究表明,集中式决策闭环供应链的总利润和分散式决策中各权力主体的利润受到搭便车系数的影响;各权力结构下网络直销渠道的销售价格和市场需求均随搭便车系数的增加而增加等。 相似文献
9.
针对供应链低碳产品高成本破解难题,引入零售商持股制造商减排投资战略,研究两级低碳供应链股权合作问题,比较分析了制造商减排与不减排、零售商对制造商减排投资持股与不持股两种情形下的供应链企业最优决策及利润变化。研究发现零售商按照合理比例持股,能够减少碳排放同时制造商和零售商的利润会实现帕累托改进,且主导者制造商能够分享更多剩余供应链价值,消除了持股前零售商对制造商碳减排投资"搭便车"现象。进一步发现,当消费者低碳偏好增加、价格敏感性降低或减排技术有较大改进且三者达到一定比例关系时,股权合作契约可以实现供应链协调。最后,通过数值分析对结论进行验证并探讨了持股比例对制造商和零售商利润的关系。 相似文献
10.
在由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的制造商回收再制造闭环供应链中,考虑系统成员间存在Nash均衡博弈、制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈和零售商领导的Stackelberg博弈等权利关系,研究并比较三种分散式决策闭环供应链的定价决策及利润问题。研究结论表明:在制造商领导的市场中,零售商的零售价与获得产品的批发价呈正相关关系;在零售商领导的市场中,制造商的批发价和回收率均与零售商的零售价呈负相关关系;回收产品的潜在期望收益是回收行为的驱动因素;在分散式决策闭环供应链中,市场无领导者时,消费者获得的收益最多,闭环供应链也越有利于降低资源消耗,且制造商和零售商均有动机成为领导者,其拥有的权利越大,议价能力会越强,获得的利润就会越多;与分散式决策相比,集中式决策闭环供应链的零售价最低,回收率和渠道总利润最高。最后,我们设计了可协调三种分散式决策闭环供应链的收益共享契约。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献