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工程师伦理责任的生成及其表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
工程师职业与其它职业不同,其伦理责任直到20世纪初才形成和确立.本文分析了工程师伦理责任从"无"到"有"的转变过程;探讨了工程师对职业、对人、对社会的伦理责任. 相似文献
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质量管理本身的意义在于强化生产过程中的质量控制。但在质量信任危机的今天,一般的质量管理已经显得十分乏力,这既有质量信息不对称的原因,也有企业社会责任缺失的缘故。仅仅强调质量管理技术和制度是不够的,还需要从伦理上和战略上强化质量管理。在企业社会责任与伦理的基础上提出企业质量伦理战略,强调企业社会责任表现。这一战略可能是产品质量信息不对称下的最优选择,有助于构建高成本壁垒,提升企业经营的正当性,有利于形成差异化竞争,树立企业品牌。 相似文献
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王京跃 《科学技术与辩证法》2007,24(4):77-79
紫河车文化蕴涵了中华民族独特的利用人体脱离组织的风俗习惯、价值取向和思想观念,在世界医学伦理史上独树一帜,成为现代社会极其宝贵的生命伦理资源。利用紫河车,应杜绝食用与买卖人胎盘现象,建立"知情同意"与"有偿捐赠"的伦理准则和法律保障制度,强化现代"紫河车"伦理规范。 相似文献
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科技伦理责任的主体系统包括科技工作者、政府及其它决策者、社会公众等。科技工作者的伦理责任包括职业伦理责任和社会伦理责任两个层面,其社会伦理责任在于预见、通告、建议,政府及其它决策者的伦理责任是预防、保障、决策,社会公众应承担关注、了解、参与的伦理责任。 相似文献
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作为社会大众获取信息主要来源的公共机构,大众传媒在很大程度上直接影响着社会的道德价值理念取向和实践行为方式,由此可见,大众传媒在行使其"自由"权利的同时,必须要考量"责任""伦理",即大众传媒实践活动中对其所应承担的社会责任问题的伦理考量和道德追问。面对现实中大众传媒的种种问题,需要政府社会、大众传媒、受众群体之间的相互协调、共同努力,构建起一个富有责任、勇于担当的大众传媒。 相似文献
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缪航 《科学对社会的影响》2012,2(4)
11月29日,中国科学院学部在京组织召开了2012 ＇科技伦理研讨会.这是继2011年以"转基因技术伦理问题"和"纳米技术伦理问题"为主题召开的科技伦理研讨会之后,由学部组织的又一次关于新兴科技的伦理、法律和社会问题(ELSI)以及科学家责任问题的学术研讨会.本次研讨会以"干细胞研究中的伦理问题及科学家社会责任"为主题,由中国科学院学部科学道德建设委员会、生命科学和医学学部常委会主办,院士工作局、学部道德与科技伦理中心承办.中国科学院学部科学道德建设委员会主任许智宏院士、科学道德建设委员会副主任周远院士、国家自然科学基金委员会主任陈宜瑜院士、中国科学院副院长李静海院士、中国科学院学部主席团秘书长曹效业,干细胞领域的院士专家,科技伦理、科技政策、科研管理的专家学者,以及来自有关部委的分管领导等50余人参加了本次会议. 相似文献
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贺善侃 《科学技术与辩证法》2006,23(2):78-81
技术的伦理本性,在高科技的发展中表现得更为显著。在传统伦理未涉及的新领域中,高科技的发展遇到了严峻的伦理新挑战,主要包括来自生命医学伦理的挑战和来自环境伦理的挑战。我们应确立的高科技发展原则有:尊重生命,维护人类尊严原则、增进人类利益,维护社会公正原则和保护人类环境,维护生态平衡原则。 相似文献
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高科技企业非伦理技术行为不仅局限于企业与冲突方之间的关系相背离,还影响着社会、自然等生态圈平衡。而技术伦理原则寻求的是平衡和谐,实现整个环境的融洽稳定。本文从技术伦理原则的十二个指标研究高科技企业的非伦理技术行为,具体分析核伦理、太空伦理、生态伦理、基因伦理等方面,最后从宏观与微观两个层面提出了发展型伦理意识。宏观层面从整体上关注企业与自然、企业与技术、企业与未来之间的关系;微观层面具体地考察企业与人之间的技术伦理关系。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献