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1.
技术创新政策分析与工具选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着全球科技革命的加速,高技术竞争全面加剧。创新过程中的市场失灵使其从过去的一种单纯的企业行为发展成为今天的宏观化行为,成为以政府支持为主导力量的社会化行为。由于技术创新是一个动态的过程,政策系统应该具有足够的灵活性以应对各种迅速变化的可能性。文章通过对不同的技术创新政策及其工具手段进行研究,探讨在技术创新的不同环节和层面多种政策工具的选择与配合,以充分发挥政策支持作用。 相似文献
2.
探索宅基地自愿有偿退出机制是深化宅基地制度改革、促进乡村全面振兴、优化城乡人地资源配置的重要举措。科学设定政策目标、合理配置政策工具是构建宅基地退出机制的关键内容。基于文本分析视角,以浙江义乌、湖北宜城、山东禹城、宁夏平罗4个宅基地制度改革试点地区为案例区,展开县域宅基地退出的政策工具与实践比较分析,并结合地方特色探究案例区宅基地退出政策的适应性,总结其特征规律。结果表明：①不同地区的政策工具选择差异较大,义乌市以供给型政策工具为主,禹城市、宜城市和平罗县以环境型政策工具为主。②各地政策目标存在差异,义乌以经济目标为主,兼顾社会目标并适当考虑生态目标;禹城和平罗以社会目标为主,兼顾经济目标;宜城主要关注社会目标。③各地宅基地退出不同实践模式中使用的主要政策工具与政策文本中使用的主要政策工具类型不完全一致,除义乌外,其他三地的主要政策工具在实践中均有变化;不同实践模式中的主要政策目标与政策文本中体现的主要政策目标均保持一致。④经济发展水平、地方财政实力、第一产业在经济发展中的重要程度、城镇化水平以及地域文化特色对宅基地退出政策工具和政策目标选择有较大影响。基于此,提出宅基地退出政策制定应考虑地方特色和现实需求科学设定宅基地退出政策工具,综合运用多种政策工具建立宅基地退出长效机制,依据宅基地功能价值论制定差异化的农民宅基地退出方案。 相似文献
3.
中国制造业转型升级政策的纵向协同性分析 《科学学研究》2022,40(2):237-246
转型升级是当前制造业面临的核心议题,各级政府均将产业政策作为推动制造业高质量发展的重要选择。文章基于“政策目标-政策工具”分析框架对中央-河南-许昌三级政府的政策文本进行细粒度量化分析,解析中国制造业转型升级政策的纵向协同性问题。研究发现,制造业转型升级政策体系在纵向层级方面趋于耦合,其核心政策目标聚焦于信息化改造、创新能力提升,核心政策工具围绕着人才、资金、知识产权等领域;中央政府与地方政府在政策设计上存在一定差异,主要体现在政策目标的精细化以及政策工具的创新性方面;各级政府在政策工具选择上,已经形成相对一致的行为模式,即环境型政策工具、供给型政策工具、需求型政策工具的数量呈现阶梯式下降的差序格局。本文构建的研究方法为分析政策纵向协同性提供了参考,相关的对策建议对于政府部门优化政策设计具有一定启示意义。 相似文献
4.
基于政策工具视角,以命令性工具、激励性工具、能力建设工具、系统变化工具和劝告工具为X维度,以现代学徒制人才培养模式要素为Y维度,构建“政策工具——现代学徒制人才培养模式要素”二维分析框架,借助NVivo 12 Plus质性分析软件对我国35份有关现代学徒制的政策文本进行内容分析。研究发现,我国现代学徒制人才培养模式存在政策工具结构不尽合理、人才培养模式各要素政策工具分配不均衡、政策工具与现代学徒制人才培养模式要素匹配度不够等问题。基于此,应提高现代学徒制人才培养模式的政策工具结构的合理性,保证现代学徒制人才培养模式要素分配的均衡性,提高政策工具与现代学徒制人才培养模式要素的匹配度。 相似文献
5.
基于新媒体时代下信息传播模式的现状,从网络未确认信息在理性人群体与有限理性人群体中传播的特点入手。基于演化博弈理论,针对虚拟网络及其中的理性人与有限理性人对于消息的不同行为,建立在不同行为下的收益-风险矩阵。通过博弈进化计算,讨论了两方均转发得到的净收益、仅一方转发时各自的净收益对选择策略的影响。从而得到不同情形下网民群体之间的进化稳定策略。结果表明：由于有限理性转发者的参与,导致即使只有一方选择转发仍能够得到整体的最大收益;仅一方转发时,总收益受到两方是否合作的影响。最后根据演化结果对网络监管部门的控制提出相关意见。 相似文献
6.
政策工具对农户秸秆还田技术采纳行为的影响效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于388份农户的调研样本数据,对农户秸秆还田技术采纳情况分别构建二元选择Logit模型,定量分析政策工具刺激影响的效果。结果表明监管约束与惩罚、补贴、信息诱导3种政策工具的刺激对总体样本农户秸秆还田技术采纳行为具有正向影响。为进一步验证政策工具在不同地区刺激的影响效果,分别对样本中属于大西南(非平原)和华北平原两类地区农户采纳行为进行分析比较,发现监管约束与惩罚、信息诱导措施在两类地区中都发挥着积极的作用,有效刺激农户采纳该技术;补贴激励措施在非平原地区中的影响不显著,未起到预期效果,而在平原地区中对促进农户采纳秸秆还田技术起到积极的效果。 相似文献
7.
政策工具是连接政策目标与结果之间的桥梁,也是政策制定与执行的关键环节,开展公共政策工具选择的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。基于创新价值链视角,建构“政策工具-创新价值链”二维分析框架,采用内容量化分析方法,对2018-2021年上半年中央政府出台的5G技术发展政策进行文本编码。结果发现：供给面政策工具被政府频繁使用,政府较多使用环境面政策工具,需求面政策工具使用的次数最少；5G技术研发环节和产业化环节选取的政策工具集中于供给面政策工具这一类别,商业化环节使用的政策工具主要是需求面政策工具和环境面政策工具两大类别。从政策目标、工具属性及其实施环境三个影响因素解释和归纳中央政府关于5G技术发展政策工具选择的缘由,认为政策目标是政策工具选择的首要前提；政策工具的特性影响政策工具优化配置；政策工具的选择与实施环境紧密相关。 相似文献
8.
《中国科技论坛》2017,(9)
基于低碳技术存量差异,本文构建了两类企业选择创新模式的演化博弈模型,在碳税税率与碳交易价格不同的情境下,通过数值仿真模拟了企业低碳技术创新模式的动态选择过程。研究表明:技术能力与存量是企业低碳技术创新战略选择的根本约束,技术能力较弱的企业对碳税税率、碳交易价格变化相对敏感,技术劣势迫使其选择模仿创新,而技术能力较强的企业大多倾向于自主创新,通过碳交易机制获取创新补偿收益;适度税率可以刺激低技术企业加强研发活动,同时为高技术企业提供创新补偿,成为碳税政策工具发挥价格控制功能的临界条件;碳交易政策为不同技术水平企业运营提供了市场协调方式,与碳税政策组合出差异化的补偿机制与替代机制。 相似文献
9.
文化消费是中国近年来的热点议题,然而,关于文化消费心理的专项研究尚显匮乏.探析不同消费者群体的文化消费心理,不但具有理论意义,对于文化经营者进行更加精细化的市场定位,优化文化产品与服务供给,亦具有现实意义.首先,探析不同气质类型消费者的文化消费心理和行为特征;其次,探析ABCDE型性格消费者的文化消费心理和行为特征;进... 相似文献
10.
群体心理资本作为一种重要的战略资源对个体知识共享产生积极影响,但至今鲜有研究对两者关系进行分析。整合工作要求-资源模型、社会交换理论,本研究构建了群体心理资本影响个体知识共享的跨层次模型,探讨了群体信任在两者关系间的不同行为效应,并通过多层线性分析等方法对问卷调查收集的数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：(1)群体心理资本对个体工作参与、个体知识共享具有显著的正向预测效果;(2)群体心理资本对群体信任具有显著的正向预测效果,且群体信任在群体心理资本与个体工作参与关系之间起到中介作用;(3)群体信任跨层次正向调节个体工作参与与个体知识共享之间的关系。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
17.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献