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通过对辽河干流石佛寺水库生产、生态、信息功能的全面分析,明确了平原水库在功能运用上,除传统地供水、防洪等功能外,可以更多地为周边提供生态系统服务。本文通过对石佛寺水库水生产品的提供,对区域小气候地调节,对生物多样性地保障,以及通过人造景观的建设,对人们休闲娱乐场地的提供等方面的论述,总结出石佛寺水库生态系统服务功能的价值,对其他水库生态系统服务的运用也具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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乌梁素海湿地生态系统服务功能及价值评估 总被引：36，自引：3，他引：36
干旱半干旱区湿地生态系统服务功能对区域环境具有重要的意义.该文在大量详实的基础数据和实地调查的基础之上,综合运用生态学、经济学方法对内蒙古乌梁素海建立湿地生态系统服务功能及价值评价的框架和方法.将湿地生态系统服务功能分为具有直接使用价值的生产产品功能和具有间接使用价值的生命支持系统功能进行评估.结果表明,直接使用价值(包括提供生态系统产品功能、休闲娱乐功能)约为0.45×108元,主要是芦苇资源的价值;间接使用价值(包括水资源调节功能、为野生动物提供栖息地功能、水质净化功能、大气调节功能、文化科学功能)为6.68×08元,间接价值远远大于直接价值,其中大气调节功能是价值量最高的服务功能.水量短缺和富营养化是影响湿地生态系统服务功能发挥的关键因素. 相似文献
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基于多源数据融合的南四湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着对湿地生态系统研究的深入,湿地的生态服务价值越来越受到学者的重视。研究以南四湖湿地生态系统为例,通过遥感和地理信息系统软件处理高清影像解译生成的景观数据以及MODIS处理生成的NPP数据,运用市场价值法、碳税法与造林成本法、影子工程法、费用支出法、专家估算法、替代费用法以及生态价值等多种方法对南四湖湿地生态系统物质生产功能、大气调节功能、蓄水功能、调蓄洪水功能、休闲娱乐功能、文化科研功能、养分循环功能以及生物栖息地功能等服务功能价值进行估算。结果表明:①南四湖湿地服务功能价值总和为131亿元,其中调节功能价值最大,达到56.77亿元,其次是支持功能和文化功能,价值量为52.77亿元和15.07亿元,最后是物质生产功能价值为6.39亿元;②虽然人工湿地面积占研究区域总面积的59%以上,其生态服务功能价值总量还不到自然湿地的生态服务功能价值总量的一半。 相似文献
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水利工程梯级开发对河流生态系统服务累积影响浅析——以猫跳河为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水库的梯级建设对河流生态系统服务的影响具有空间和时间上的累积作用,既有正面效应,也有负面效应。在提供产品方面,水利工程梯级开发提高了猫跳河的供水、供电能力。随着人类的调整,不同时间提供的产品种类有所侧重。在休闲娱乐方面,红枫湖和百花湖建设初期,旅游业大肆发展,但是随着污染的加剧和水库功能的调整,两大湖的旅游业已经凋败。调节环境方面,水库在调蓄洪水和调节大气组成方面有重大的正面效应,但是由于河流径流的改变,水库的建设大大减弱了河流的自净能力。在支持生命方面,水库的梯级修建,改变了天然河道,使得猫跳河流域丧失了一些物种的生境,生物多样性较同等条件天然生境低 相似文献
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’98 洪水对鄱阳湖区生态系统服务的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1998年长江流域性洪涝灾害驱使鄱阳湖区开始实施退田还湖工程,对湖区土地利用产生了重大的影响,进而影响了各项生态系统服务功能。本文对1998年流域性特大洪涝灾害对鄱阳湖区土地利用及生态系统服务功能的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：在此次特大洪涝灾害的驱动下,鄱阳湖区土地利用结构产生了重大变化。其中,耕地面积减少了2.2%,为201.5km2,水域面积增加5.5%,为206.0km2。洪涝灾害发生后,研究区的生态系统服务功能整体提升了8.5%,其中湖泊面积的增加提高了湿地的水源涵养、洪水调蓄以及提供生物栖息地功能,湖泊对整体提升贡献率为92.4%;而水田、旱地等生态系统服务功能有所降低。湖区整体水源涵养、废物处理、生物多样性和娱乐文化功能分别提升了8.2%,6.6%,2.1%与6.5%,而食物生产和原材料生产功能分别降低了1.8%与0.4%。此外,对鄱阳湖洪水调蓄功能价值的计算表明,鄱阳湖区洪水调蓄功能也有所提升。 相似文献
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庐山自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
森林生态系统具有多种重要的生态功能,分析与评价森林生态系统服务功能的价值已成为当前生态学与生态经济学研究的前沿课题。根据森林生态系统服务价值的计算方法,估算了庐山自然保护区森林生态系统7项服务价值总量为26.1086×108元/年。庐山森林生态系统服务功能的直接经济价值和间接经济价值分别为16.1605×108元/年和9.9481×108元/年,直接经济价值是间接经济价值的1.62倍。在森林生态系统各项服务功能价值的贡献之中,其大小顺序依次为:森林游憩>固CO2释O2>土壤保持>净化空气>涵养水源>林果产品>保护生物多样性。森林游憩价值以16.0838×108元/年稳居第1位,占总价值的61.60%;其次为固CO2释O2的价值,占总价值的32.91%,两项合计占到95.51%。庐山森林生态系统服务在价值构成上异于全国一般规律的原因,主要在于庐山自然保护区高度发达的旅游产业和小规模的林业生产活动等。森林生态系统价值评估有助于人们对于森林生态系统价值的认识,有利于区域可持续发展战略的实施和推进。 相似文献
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草地生态系统服务功能的研究进展 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
草地是世界上分布最广的陆地生态系统,为人类提供了净初级物质生产、碳蓄积与碳汇、调节气候、涵养水源、水土保持和防风固沙、改良土壤、维持生物多样性等产品和服务,但是只有部分产品和服务的价值得到人们的认识和计量,并具有市场价值.目前相对于其他生态系统而言,对草地生态系统服务功能研究还进行的较少.总结发现,关于草地生态系统服务功能研究目前主要存在以下问题:①缺乏动态性研究;②缺乏空间异质性研究;③缺乏评价和计算的生态经济学逻辑框架体系;④价值评价的理论和方法还不完善;⑤缺乏人类干扰下服务功能的变化与响应研究;⑥对各类草地生态系统研究的针对性不强;⑦缺乏适合我国草地生态系统服务功能特征的评估体系与方法.根据以上研究不足,笔者认为在草地生态系统服务功能研究领域应当关注和加强以下问题:①逐步建立相对完善的草地生态系统服务功能和价值评价的逻辑框架体系和方法;②提高不同类型草地生态系统服务功能研究的针对性;③加强人类干扰下生态服务功能的变化和响应研究;④将RS和GIS技术应用到生态服务功能动态性和空间异质性研究. 相似文献
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辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值测评 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
货币化评价湿地生态系统服务功能价值,可为湿地资源有效保护与开发决策的制定提供生态经济理论支持。本文依据辽宁省林业厅1995年～2000年对全省湿地资源的调查数据,将辽宁省湿地生态系统划分为近海及海岸湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽和沼泽化草甸湿地、库塘湿地五大类11种类型,应用生态经济学的理论和研究方法,着重对湿地生态系统提供的物质生产、环境调节和人文社会三大类共8项服务功能的经济价值进行了估算。结果表明：辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能总价值为741.54×108元/年,相当于全省2000年GDP的15.9%。其中湿地的环境调节功能价值最大,为506.33×108元/年,占湿地总价值的68.3%,物质生产和人文社会服务功能价值分别为185.01×108元/年和50.20×108元/年,其价值比例分别为24.9%和6.8%。辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值主要来源于滩涂、浅海水域、塘库和永久性河流。 相似文献
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冰川作为全球生态系统中特殊而重要的组成部分，对维持区域生态稳定和河流供水调节具有重要意义，其提供的生态产品价值数量巨大。文章基于2020年相关统计数据，从产品供给服务、调节服务和文化服务三方面，核算青海省冰川生态系统生态产品价值。结果表明：（1）2020年青海省冰川生态系统生态产品价值总量为8 757.39亿元，其中调节服务价值为8 712.59亿元，占99.49%；产品供给服务价值为44.50亿元，占0.51%；文化服务价值为0.30亿元，占0.003%。（2）从单个功能来看，青海省冰川生态系统气候调节价值量为8 500.13亿元，占97.06%；水文调节价值量为212.46亿元，占2.43%；淡水资源价值量为40.46亿元，占0.46%。（3）青海省应积极探讨冰川生态安全补偿、发展高原冰雪经济，拓宽冰川生态系统生态产品价值实现路径。文章可以为青海省生态补偿标准制定、生态保护绩效评估、冰川资源保护和高质量发展提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
16.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
17.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
19.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献