共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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作为科研活动的灵魂,科学数据既是激发科研创新的起点,也是科研活动丰富成果不可或缺的部分。国内外科学数据管理与共享从"积极温和的科学数据政策导向"和"全面细致的科学数据管理实践"两方面开展。通过对国内外发展现状的比较,笔者认为,国内的科学数据政策宏观体系尚待拓展,政策落实仍需继续积累;仍有很多学科门类需要提高数据管理意识和管理水平;科学研究的整体环境有利于开放科学数据文化的孵化,但仍需多利益相关群体的综合协调。未来,积极温和的共享趋势仍占据主流,科学数据的公、私权力争论愈演愈烈,信息技术变革与科学数据管理边界的再认识将持续推动数据开放。 相似文献
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张娜许洁 《中国科技期刊研究》2023,(1):7-14
【目的】探讨永久学术记录视角下的科学数据开放共享的内涵、作用以及实践进展。【方法】依托2022年欧洲学术出版会议与会专家主旨发言和研讨的视频、音频和文字记录等资料,系统综述面向永久学术记录的科学数据开放共享研究,并通过网络调研法与文献调查法梳理相关实践。【结果】科学数据开放共享对维护永久学术记录系统的科研诚信和丰富其类型具有重要作用,国内外已有围绕科学数据注册、科学数据引用、科学数据评估、科学数据仓储4个方面的相关实践。【结论】面向永久学术记录的科学数据开放共享仍面临挑战,要加快统一的政策、标准与规范建设,建立健全围绕科学数据开放共享的奖励系统与质量控制体系,探索科技期刊数据出版新模式。 相似文献
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科研数据开放共享的经济逻辑与制度安排 《科学学研究》2022,40(9):1661-1667
明晰科研数据开放共享的经济逻辑并据此进行相应的制度安排,可为规范科研数据管理与挖掘数据服务于科研、经济与社会的潜能提供理论借鉴和实践参考。从分析科研数据的物品属性及其开放共享的实质出发,提出科研数据分阶段开放共享制度。采用成本收益分析法解析其经济逻辑,并与其他科研数据管理与共享方式进行福利比较,发现分阶段开放共享是现阶段科研数据管理可付诸实践且能实现更高福利水平的制度安排。最后针对产权界定、科研数据交易共享平台建设、收费期节点等关键问题做具体制度安排。 相似文献
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随着科学数据的获取、存储、分析和处理等技术的发展,科学研究与科技创新逐步走向以科学数据为基础性科技资源的大数据时代,数据驱动研究范式渗入到各学科领域的实际工作中,科学数据在科研创新中的价值日益突出,科学基金资助机构的科学数据管理职责也更加重要。为此,文章在分析科学数据管理需求产生的驱动因素的基础之上,梳理了发达国家科学数据管理的实践经验,指出科学数据管理活动应联结科学数据全生命周期各阶段,以扩展科学数据的全生命周期及其产生的价值、推动其健康和可持续发展。文章提出了针对科学数据全生命周期的管理策略,包括：科学数据管理计划的制定和实施、科学数据汇交管理、科学数据开放共享、科学数据的可持续维护等,并围绕这些管理策略提出了具体的实施建议。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]开放科学环境下,科学数据开放共享成为世界各国关注的焦点,为解决科学数据开放共享中存在的问题,国际社会展开一系列治理实践。[方法/过程]通过系统梳理国内外科学数据治理研究成果以及政府文件、项目报告等资料,总结科学数据治理实践内容体系以及发展趋势。[结果/结论]国际社会围绕科学数据开放共享体量、质量、权属、风险采取一系列治理对策。与此同时,随着科学数据开放共享程度逐渐深化,科学数据治理内容体系也随之拓展,数据出版成为数据共享的重要途径,可信任数据成为质量治理关键准则,数据信托成为权利治理新方案,全球化、技术化治理成为国际趋势。 相似文献
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《中国科学基金》2019,(3)
高能物理(也称粒子物理)研究一直处于物质科学的最前沿,大科学装置往往是物理基础研究和满足国家战略需求的国之重器,为基础及应用研究提供了重要的平台。大科学装置产生的数据是一座极为重要的科学金矿,而科学数据的开放与共享是科学数据效益最大化的必要条件。前沿物理大科学装置包括面向特定学科的专用研究类装置和服务于多学科交叉前沿的公共服务平台类装置,两类装置科学数据构成大体一致,均包括实验数据、模拟数据以及文档、成果和专利等数据,但在数据主权和共享机制上则存在较大差别。专用研究装置和数据采用合作组模式,合作组有国内外科学家共同参与组成,并在合作组框架下实现科学数据共享和利用。公共服务平台类大科学装置数据管理和共享则仍然没有相应的管理规定和规范,需要结合我国科学数据管理办法和领域特点,进一步开展相关研究、探索和实践。科学数据的开放共享应遵循"尽量共享、不得已才受限"的原则,推动科学数据的效能最大化,并在经费保障、技术研发和人才队伍等方面给予支持。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献