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1.
本文从产品内分工的视角构建中国工业产业技术进步的计量模型,以2002-2012年中国27个工业行业面板数据为样本,实证研究我国参与全球生产网络对劳动生产率的影响。结果表明:产品内国际分工对技术进步促进作用因行业异质性而存在差异,各行业之间形成不同的技术进步方向和路径选择,中低端技术产业"进口中间产品—深加工—出口中间产品"对中低端技术产业的劳动生产率促进作用的较为突出,而高端技术产业的"进口中间产品—深加工—出口最终产品"方向对劳动生产率提高更明显。实证进一步揭示出我国应将仅对RD投入数额本身的关注同时转移到对RD内容的重视上,建立起从研发内容到研发投入的逻辑,制定适合自身发展特点的产业政策,提高RD投入的使用效率,从而充分发挥产品内分工的促进作用,提高我国在全球生产网络中的嵌入层级,拉升国际分工地位,推动产业升级。 相似文献
2.
构建了全球生产网络下技术溢出效应的分析框架,并利用2005-2012年15个工业行业面板数据,基于投入产出表测算工业行业嵌入全球生产网络背景下技术溢出对劳动生产率的影响。实证表明:随着工业行业嵌入全球生产网络程度不断深入,产业升级过程中存在"结构封锁"效应,现有技术基础无法实现产业的持续升级,需更为重视大规模的设备投资与研发投入。针对这种情况,笔者提出以全球化的视野,采取链间升级与"在全球生产网络中,又不在全球生产网络中"的策略突破结构封锁效应,激发不同类型主体持续创新的内生动力,通过不同层面的创新来提升自身的分工地位,掌握发展主动权,努力攀登价值链上高增加值环节,最终实现中国产业升级,提高国际竞争力。 相似文献
3.
运用2000-2016年中国制造业15个细分行业面板数据,从垂直(前向、后向)和水平两个维度测算产业间R&D溢出量,考察多维产业间R&D溢出对制造业TFP的影响及人力资本门槛效应,并探讨产业间溢出效应的行业异质性。研究发现,从整体来看,各类产业间溢出都有助于TFP增长,但产业自身的研发投入仍是影响TFP的核心因素;人力资本制约产业间溢出效应,并使其具有非线性特征,食品和烟草制造业等6个低技术产业的人力资本水平有待提高;分行业研究发现,高技术产业TFP增长主要依靠自身研发存量,行业间R&D溢出没有呈现出良性循环,低技术产业则更多地依赖关联行业的技术进步,而内生创新动力不足。 相似文献
4.
基于节能技术产业间溢出的考虑来解析中国的能源强度下降现象。在分析了不同的节能技术产业间溢出途径如何形成一种产业间节能技术的内在关联机制,以及它如何对产业的节能降耗发挥协同影响效应的基础上,我们进一步通过Granger因果检验发现,工业5大部门的节能技术溢出活动都很活跃。对于纺织服装产业链上节能技术溢出水平的测评结果进一步表明,基于产品关联的前、后向技术溢出效应非常显著。上述结论有望为决策部门的政策制定,尤其是针对高能耗工业部门的结构调整政策提供实证依据。 相似文献
5.
针对现有服务要素内容作用方式、重点不清晰的问题,基于2002—2015年中国工业面板数据,构建嵌入在全球价值链中制造业服务化投入与技术溢出协同促进劳动生产率的理论模型。实证表明：(1)嵌入全球价值链中并不一定有助于优化制造业服务化投入与技术溢出对劳动生产率的作用效果;(2)在嵌入全球价值链的过程中,有效利用不同服务内容投入、促进要素资源重组对劳动生产率的提升更为重要;(3)低端产业向高端产业跃迁过程中,要素投入内容重点和方式发生改变。本文为推动产业升级提供了思路和建议。 相似文献
6.
本文利用2002-2016年27个工业产业的面板数据探究全球生产网络下服务内容嵌入方向对劳动生产率的影响。实证结果表明：中国制造业服务转型过程中在不同类型行业中嵌入结果不同,明确服务要素嵌入重点、形成新动能是推动产业升级的重要步骤。结果表明：整体产业利用生产性服务仍然更偏向以产品为中心而不是以客户为中心；当前服务化陷阱依然存在,相对于高端技术产业,中低端制造产业问题更为严重。生产性服务业技术水平无法满足当前高端制造业发展,服务素质偏低,降低了制造业经济增长率。 相似文献
7.
利用2002—2016年我国27个工业产业的面板数据,探究全球生产网络下服务内容嵌入方式对劳动生产率的影响。在我国制造业服务转型过程中,不同类型行业中服务内容嵌入结果不同,明确服务要素嵌入重点、形成新动能是推动产业升级的重要步骤。研究结果表明:整体产业利用生产性服务仍然更偏向以产品为中心而不是以客户为中心;当前"服务化陷阱"依然存在,相对于高端技术产业,中低端制造产业问题更为严重;生产性服务业技术水平无法满足当前高端制造业发展,服务素质偏低降低了制造业经济增长率。 相似文献
8.
本文基于2002-2015年中国工业面板数据,构建服务化嵌入制造业过程中与现有产业基础协同促进产业升级的理论模型,并进一步探讨嵌入在全球生产网络中制造业服务化作用于产业的效果。实证表明整体制造业服务化与技术溢出的交互关系对全要素生产率呈"U"型关系,且嵌入在全球生产网络中的制造业进行不同程度的服务化并不能完全有效地实现全要素生产率的提高,表征在不同类型的服务化结果不同。故笔者提出应加强产业联动,形成以多方服务内容协同演进支撑制造业发展的动态网络;将服务内容内化于制造业价值链本土创新为首要内容,联合嵌入全球生产网络的技术红利,实现多元化技术创新和技术进步是打破全球结构封锁,有效利用服务要素实现服务模块化发展是推动产业升级的重要途径。 相似文献
9.
本文通过构建创新网络评价指标,着重考察高技术产业和中低技术产业两个网络节点,结合分区域回归和门槛回归,实证分析创新网络与区域创新之间的关系.研究结果发现： 创新网络对区域创新具有直接促进作用,这种作用随着区域创新网络的提升而减弱;在不同的创新网络水平地区,创新网络对区域创新影响的途径不同.在创新网络欠发达地区,创新网络对区域创新主要表现为直接促进作用,节点间的溢出效应对区域创新影响不大;在创新网络发达地区,创新网络有助于将节点间知识溢出扩散至区域层面,从而间接促进区域创新.根据以上结论,本文从提高网络联系强度、建立孵化园以及加强地区主导产业作为“创新增长极”作用等方面提出政策建议. 相似文献
10.
基于甘肃省2006~2011年16个工业行业面板数据,实证分析甘肃承接区际产业转移后工业经济增长方式的转变以及行业内技术溢出效应的影响因素。研究发现,行业内技术溢出效应不利于工业经济增长由粗放转向集约,而行业间前向溢出效应对此具有显著推动作用。另外,产业发展水平、对外开放度和人力资本在较高条件分布情况下对行业内技术溢出作用明显,而技术研发水平则不利于产生行业内技术溢出。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献