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田径耐力型项目运动员的合理营养 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在现代田径运动项目的训练比赛以及恢复期 ,耐力型运动项目运动员对饮食中的各种营养素的需求也受到其本身项目特点的特殊性而明显区别于其它田径项目 ,运动员的饮食营养合理化越来越受到教练员的重视。本文从训练和比赛中 ,运动员对水和电解质、糖、脂肪、蛋白质以及维生素的不同需求和补充 ,来讨论耐力型田径运动员训练和比赛中的合理营养问题 ,促进教练员、科研服务人员注意对运动员膳食进行科学搭配和调整 ,保证运动员的营养需求 相似文献
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田径运动员食谱是为了合理调配食物以达到营养需求而安排的膳食计划。运动员食谱编制考虑许多因素，本文仅从营养需求的角度来谈，使营养食谱能够满足运动员每日需要的能量和各种营养素，以便为运动员的训练、比赛与恢复提供坚实的保障。 相似文献
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平衡营养是运动员科学训练的物质基础。人体新陈代谢活动依靠蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、维生素、无机盐、食物纤维、水7大类营养素均衡摄入吸收才能顺利进行。运动员在冷或热环境进行高强度运动需要专业的营养监督和干预，根据运动项目、性别、年龄、训练比赛的强度和时间等多方面合理安排平衡膳食，提供数量充足，比例均衡的各种营养素，使运动员的营养需求和消耗保持动态平衡。 相似文献
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合理营养对运动员竞技能力和健康影响的事实已引起体育界广泛的关注和共识。作为包含多达46个小项的田径运动,其不同运动项目的训练和比赛在力量、耐力、爆发力、协调性和反应性等方面各有侧重,与此相适应的其赛前营养需求也各有特点。青少年田径运动员是国家田径后备力量的重要组成部分,同时又处于特殊的生长发育阶段,对他们训练和 相似文献
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田径运动比赛独立性强,有些项目强度要求高,体力消耗大,对田径运动员的心理能力要求也较高。如何培养和增强他们的心理能力,使其在复杂多变的比赛中保持镇静的情绪,并为将来的高水平训练、比赛打下基础,已成为当代田径运动员训练研究的重要课题。本文通过对从事青少年训练的田径教练员心理训练认识的调查。提出青少年田径运动员 相似文献
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运动员在竞技、训练及恢复阶 段所需要的大量能量与各种营养素,几乎全部来源于食物。如何做到合理调配食物以符合运动员营养的需求,则是最为关键的问题。本文仅从营养需求的角度出发,根据我国建议的运动员每日膳食中营养素的供给量,研究女运动员每日营养膳食的供给量,以便为运动员的训练、比赛与恢复提供能量保障。 一、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水 化合物的日供给量 我国目前建议运动员每日的膳食组成为蛋白质10％～15％,脂肪20％～25％,碳水化合物60％～70％。根据运动员膳食组成及三大生热营养素的能量系数,计算蛋白 相似文献
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根据这几年我对学校某些田径运动员的实际观察，对运动员在运动训练、比赛规律及赛前训练安排进行深入总结和探讨。研究后认为如何合理安排训练与比赛，尤其是赛前训练的安排，对运动员心理状态的调节，将直接影响到运动员的竞技水平。只有在比赛前对各种因素进行有效地调节，合理调控运动员使之达到最佳竞技状态，才能在田径比赛中创造优异成绩。 相似文献
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高原训练过程中的运动员营养与补充 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
高原训练时运动员的营养与补充有其特殊性。在高原训练期间，三大营养素在运动员膳食结构中的供能比例应为碳水化合物占60～65%；蛋白质占13～15%；脂肪占20～30%，同时，也应适当的补充糖、水、铁、维生素等营养素，增加促进蛋白质合成的营养保健品，抗氧化剂，以及红景天等中药的应用，有利于运动员高原训练期间快速消除疲劳、恢复体能。 相似文献
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Burke LM Millet G Tarnopolsky MA;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S29-S38
The goal of training is to prepare the distance athlete to perform at his or her best during major competitions. Whatever the event, nutrition plays a major role in the achievement of various factors that will see a runner or walker take the starting line in the best possible form. Everyday eating patterns must supply fuel and nutrients needed to optimize their performance during training sessions and to recover quickly afterwards. Carbohydrate and fluid intake before, during, and after a workout may help to reduce fatigue and enhance performance. Recovery eating should also consider issues for adaptation and the immune system that may involve intakes of protein and some micronutrients. Race preparation strategies should include preparation of adequate fuel stores, including carbohydrate loading for prolonged events such as the marathon or 50-km walk. Fluid and carbohydrate intake during races lasting an hour or more should also be considered. Sports foods and supplements of value to distance athletes include sports drinks and liquid meal supplements to allow nutrition goals to be achieved when normal foods are not practical. While caffeine is an ergogenic aid of possible value to distance athletes, most other supplements are of minimal benefit. 相似文献
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Winter sports are played in cold conditions on ice or snow and often at moderate to high altitude. The most important nutritional challenges for winter sport athletes exposed to environmental extremes include increased energy expenditure, accelerated muscle and liver glycogen utilization, exacerbated fluid loss, and increased iron turnover. Winter sports, however, vary greatly regarding their nutritional requirements due to variable physiological and physique characteristics, energy and substrate demands, and environmental training and competition conditions. What most winter sport athletes have in common is a relatively lean physique and high-intensity training periods, thus they require greater energy and nutrient intakes, along with adequate food and fluid before, during, and after training. Event fuelling is most challenging for cross-country skiers competing in long events, ski jumpers aiming to reduce their body weight, and those winter sport athletes incurring repeated qualification rounds and heats. These athletes need to ensure carbohydrate availability throughout competition. Finally, winter sport athletes may benefit from dietary and sport supplements; however, attention should be paid to safety and efficacy if supplementation is considered. 相似文献
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跆拳道运动项目的比赛特点决定了它属于激烈的对抗性比赛项目,是集力量、速度、耐力和协调性等诸多身体素质的综合,日常训练要求对运动员要求高强度、高密度、高负荷的大运动量的训练,极易导致运动员出现运动性疲劳的状况,从而影响运动员日常训练和比赛的成绩.文章主要研究跆拳道运动员运动性疲劳产生的机理以及通过合理休息、营养学、物理疗法、心理治疗等多种消除运动性疲劳的方法,为跆拳道运动员构建出一套完善的立体式恢复方法,为跆拳道运动员运动性疲劳的恢复提供极其重要的理论依据 相似文献
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Maughan RJ Depiesse F Geyer H;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S103-S113
Many athletes use dietary supplements as part of their regular training or competition routine, including about 85% of elite track and field athletes. Supplements commonly used include vitamins, minerals, protein, creatine, and various "ergogenic" compounds. These supplements are often used without a full understanding or evaluation of the potential benefits and risks associated with their use, and without consultation with a sports nutrition professional. A few supplements may be helpful to athletes in specific circumstances, especially where food intake or food choice is restricted. Vitamin and mineral supplements should be used only when a food-based solution is not available. Sports drinks, energy bars, and protein-carbohydrate shakes may all be useful and convenient at specific times. There are well-documented roles for creatine, caffeine, and alkalinizing agents in enhancing performance in high-intensity exercise, although much of the evidence does not relate to specific athletic events. There are potential costs associated with all dietary supplements, including the risk of a positive doping result as a consequence of the presence of prohibited substances that are not declared on the label. 相似文献
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Houtkooper L Abbot JM Nimmo M;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S39-S47
Throwers, jumpers, and combined events athletes require speed, strength, power, and a wide variety of technical skills to be successful in their events. Only a handful of studies have assessed the nutritional needs of such athletes. Because of this, recommendations for nutritional requirements to support and enhance training and competition performances for these athletes are made using research findings from sports and exercise protocols similar to their training and competitive events. The goals of the preparation cycle of nutrition periodization for these athletes include attaining desirable body weight, a high ratio of lean body mass to body height, and improving muscular power. Nutritional recommendations for training and competition periods include: (1) meeting energy needs; (2) timing consumption of adequate fluid and electrolyte intakes before, during, and after exercise to promote adequate hydration; (3) timing consumption of carbohydrate intake to provide adequate fuel for energy demands and to spare protein for muscle repair, growth, and maintenance; (4) timing consumption of adequate protein intake to meet protein synthesis and turnover needs; and (5) consuming effective nutritional and dietary supplements. Translating these nutrient and dietary recommendations into guidelines these athletes can apply during training and competition is important for enhancing performance. 相似文献
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竞走运动员的饮食与营养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本着重阐述耐力性运动项目——竞走的能量代谢和营养的特点，以及训练和比赛期的饮食安排与营养补充，为改善竞走运动员饮食与营养状况提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTSport events that depend upon natural landscapes tend to draw athletes from urban centres to peripheral areas. In doing so these events function as tourist attractions but little is known about the way participating athletes understand these places. This study explores the ways that one type of sport traveller (i.e. ultramarathon runners) understands the host destination (Grande Cache, Canada) as a place of training and competition. A volunteer employed photography data collection method was used along with an inductive thematic analysis. Four themes emerged including place as: (a) landscape, (b) sport competition, (c) community, and (d) an introspective self-portrait. First, under the landscape theme runners saw place as sublime nature during the training camp (TC) and a terrain to be conquered during the race. Second, the sport competition theme reflected place as the event with the competition being the filter through which all other aspects of the setting were understood. Third, the setting was characterized as a place of community that fostered social connection and celebration. Finally, the introspective self-portrait theme focused on the runners themselves as they centred their identity within the setting. While landscape was a dominant theme during the TC visit, the sport competition and community themes became more salient during the competition weekend. The introspective self-portrait theme was strong during both visits. Study findings suggest that runners were attached to the setting through ‘place identity’ in addition to their dependence on it to facilitate the ultramarathon event. 相似文献