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1.
中国能源消耗碳排放的影响因素分析及政策启示 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
运用LMDI加和分解法,从我国整体、不同行业、工业内不同部门的角度探讨我国碳排放的影响因素。研究发现:整体上,我国碳排放的主要驱动因素是经济产出效应,对碳排放的整体贡献为148.49%;其次是人口规模效应,整体贡献为9.65%;最后是能源结构效应,整体贡献为1.36%;我国碳排放的主要抑制因素是能源强度效应,对碳排放的整体贡献为-53.43%;产业结构效应有抑制作用,整体贡献为-6.07%,潜力没有显现出来;从不同产业的角度研究发现,农林牧渔业、建筑业整体上"低碳"发展状态较好,工业、交通运输仓储和邮政业、批发零售业和住宿餐饮业、其他行业"低碳"发展状态不佳;我国碳排放的主要来源是工业,通过工业内不同行业的比较发现,电力蒸汽及水生产供应业、石油加工及炼焦业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业、非金属矿物制品业等行业是我国碳排放的来源。对此,从能源利用效率、能源结构、产业结构、经济增长方式等方面提出相应的政策启示。 相似文献
2.
《资源科学》2017,(12)
改革开放以来,中国总能源强度呈现整体下降的趋势,分析影响总能源强度的因素,对促进节能减排有着至关重要的作用。本文基于结构性因素分解方法(SDA)将能源强度分解为结构效应和效率效应,从产业结构层次逐步深入到工业内部行业的结构层次,从各产业和工业分行业角度分别定量分析了引起中国总能源强度和工业能源强度下降的原因。结果表明:(1)目前中国总能源强度的下降主要是由于各产业能源效率的提高,产业结构在2013年之前起到了阻碍作用,在2013年之后起到了微弱正向促进作用;(2)从各产业对总能源强度的影响上看,工业、建筑业和第三产业的结构因素对总能源强度下降的负向影响程度大于第一产业结构因素的正向影响程度,但工业、建筑业和第三产业的效率因素对总能源强度下降起到了主要的推动作用;(3)中国工业能源强度的下降是由工业结构变化和工业各行业能源利用效率的提高共同推动的,工业各行业能源强度的下降是主要动力;(4)从工业各行业对工业能源强度的影响上看,工业行业结构效应和效率效应影响行业较为集中,重点高能耗行业的结构变化和效率变化对促进工业能源强度的下降起到了重要的作用;(5)工业发展速度较快行业的结构变化和效率变化对工业能源强度的影响作用越来越明显。针对得出的结论,提出了相关建议,为中国节能减排政策的制定提供理论支持。 相似文献
3.
基于LMDI的江苏省能源消费总量增长效应分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
2002年以来,随着江苏省经济的快速发展,能源消费总量增长速度逐步加快,而省内能源供给远远小于需求,能源保障势必影响江苏省经济的可持续发展。因此,为全面分析江苏省能源消费增长的影响因素,本文从六大行业的能源消费入手,采用LMDI模型把江苏省1996年-2008年能源消费总量的增长的效应分解为生产效应、结构效应和强度效应。效应分解与分析结果表明:生产效应是促进能源消费增长的最主要因素,而强度效应对能源消费增长的抑制作用是江苏省近年来能源消费增长放缓的主要原因,结构调整带来的结构效应对能源消费增长的抑制作用还未显现出来;另一方面,工业尤其是高耗能行业生产效应的增长是江苏省能源消费强度增长的主要因素。因此,要降低江苏省能源消费强度,实现经济的可持续发展,应完善相应的法律和政策,调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式,提高能源利用效率,发展新能源和可再生能源。 相似文献
4.
重庆市产业结构演变对大气环境的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
产业结构转型在促进经济增长的同时,也对大气环境产生了影响.本文根据结构效应、规模效应及技术效应建立模型,利用重庆市1999-2008年22个工业行业的相关面板数据进行了实证分析.结果表明,工业结构效应对于工业二氧化硫、工业烟尘、工业粉尘所起到的影响有限,大气污染物排放量的降低主要归功于政府环境政策强度,技术进步所带来的大气环境的改善逐渐显现.重庆市应重点加强非金属矿物制品业、化学原料及化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业与电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业等高污染排放行业的治理及技术创新. 相似文献
5.
基于投入产出法的隐含碳测算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文基于投入产出法测算由能源消耗导致的隐含碳排放和由水泥生产过程导致的隐含碳排放,并测算了出口贸易中能源消费隐含CO2和生产过程的隐含CO2排放情况。结果发现,金属冶炼及压延加工业部门出口的能源消费隐含碳排放量是最大的,食品制造及烟草加工业的总隐含碳排放是最大的,生产过程隐含碳排放量最大的是非金属矿物制品业。从而对通过国际贸易产生的碳排放转移问题更清晰地定量化认识,同时有利于对各国的碳减排责任进行重新考查。 相似文献
6.
1995年至2007年中国能源消费强度的分解模型及实证分析——基于结构份额和效率份额视角 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文基于能源消费强度的恒等式,采用对数平均权重Divisia分解法(Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia Method,LMD),建立中国三大产业能源消费强度的因素分解模型,定量分析了1995年-2007年间,能源效率因素和结构因素的变化对中国能源消费强度的影响,并研究了煤、石油、电力三种能源消费强度的两因素分解贡献值比较和三大产业间效率因素和结构因素的贡献份额比较对中国能源消费强度的影响,结果表明第二产业的效率因素是影响中国能源强度变化的主要因素,煤的消费强度与中国能源的消费强度变化一致,提出了降低第二产业重点耗能产业的能源效率、技术进步和优化经济结构三大管理对策。 相似文献
7.
基于Laspeyres完全分解技术测算了东部能源消费的变动并进行纵向与横向比较,结果表明:经济增长是推动区域能耗增长的主要因素,技术进步与结构调整对能源消费起到节约作用;其中,部门能源效率的提高是节能的主导因素,工业部门的结构比重与能源效率的微弱变动都会对整体节能产生很大的影响,其能源效率的提高是技术节能的主要原因;结构调整的短期节能效应并不明显,且呈阶段性变化的特征,根源在于高耗能产业投资效应与前期能源消费的提前透支及其滞后影响,产业结构效应弱化;最后给出了产业结构与能源结构优化、节能技术进步等方面的政策建议。 相似文献
8.
中国工业行业能源消耗强度变动及影响因素的实证分析 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
利用中国29个工业行业的面板数据,在中观层面上对中国工业部门及其内部不同能耗特征的各工业行业的能源消耗强度变动及影响因素进行了实证分析,不仅研究了技术进步及能源价格对工业行业能源消耗强度的影响,还考虑了高耗能产品出口贸易结构、产权结构以及能源替代等因素.实证结果表明,科技经费支出的增加有助于高能耗行业能源效率的提高,这些行业通过加强节能技术的开发和利用将有很大的节能潜力;企业产权结构和出口贸易结构对工业行业的能源消耗强度有显著影响;能源相对价格的提高对工业行业的节能降耗具有明显的促进作用;电力、石油等能源产品占总能源消费比例的增加降低了工业行业特别是高能耗行业的能源消耗强度. 相似文献
9.
我国化学工业二氧化碳排放影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于因素分解方法(LMDI)研究了影响我国化学工业1996-2007年间二氧化碳排放量变化的关键因素,包括部门能源消费、化学工业化石能源比例、化石能源结构、能源碳排放强度、经济增长、化学工业产出比例、化学工业的部门结构、能耗强度等8个因素.研究结果表明了经济活动和能耗强度下降是影响中国化学工业1996-2007年二氧化碳排放的两个最重要的因素,能耗强度的下降明显减少了二氧化碳的排放,但仍无法抵消经济增长导致的二氧化碳排放量的增加;化学工业能源结构的优化对二氧化碳的排放起到了减量作用;能源结构及具体部门结构效应对碳排量的影响最小. 相似文献
10.
江苏省节能减排影响因素及其效应比较 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
文章以江苏省为考察对象,研究了经济增长、产业结构变动、能源技术进步和能源消费结构等因素对能源消费的CO2排放的影响,采用Laspeyres指数完全分解技术对江苏省6部门终端能源消费及其CO2排放的变动情况进行分解。结果显示:①经济增长的规模效应是能源消费及CO2排放逐年增长的主要原因,占68.92%;②产业结构变动的节能减排作用相对较小,且呈阶段性变化的特征,1995年-2002年间,产业结构调整起到了节能减排的作用,而其后起反向作用,其根源在于高耗能产业投资效应与前期能源投入的提前透支及其滞后影响;③高能源依赖的产业结构对能源消费与CO2排放起到推动作用,产业结构的节能减排效应弱化;④技术进步与能源消费结构的优化调整对节能减排起到了主导作用,节能减排贡献度分别达到了-15.1%、-12.3%,其中高耗能工业部门结构比重与能源效率的微弱变动都对整体节能减排产生很大的影响;⑤在产业结构调整、能源技术进步、能源结构优化和投资结构控制等方面提出相应的建议。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献