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1.
Abstract

The bradycardia effect of a 10-week jogging program was studied in 13 previously sedentary middle-aged subjects (seven women and six men). This response during standardized submaximal treadmill walking and leg cycling was related to changes in cardiac output ([Qdot]), stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous oxygen differences (a-vO2 diff). Heart rate (HR) response was also studied during load carrying and arm cycling tasks, and a [Vdot]O2 max test was administered. All tests were repeated posttraining. The posttraining increases in [Vdot]O2 max (ml/kg × min-1) were 19.7% and 14.8% for the men and women respectively. Training also produced significant reductions in submaximal HR and Q during treadmill and leg cycling exercise. A-vO2 diff rose, while there were no changes in [Vdot]O2 during the submaximal work tasks, suggesting either altered blood flow or a greater capacity to utilize O2 by the working muscle. Both men and women showed significant reductions in HR during the arm cycling and load carrying as well. These data suggest that a jogging program can alter cardiovascular function in tasks other than running. The magnitude and direction of change showed no sex differences; therefore, it was also concluded that there are no differences in the trainability of previously sedentary middle-aged men and women.  相似文献   

2.
Currently, it is not possible to prescribe isometric exercise at an intensity that corresponds to given heart rates or systolic blood pressures. This might be useful in optimizing the effects of isometric exercise training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between isometric exercise intensity and both heart rate and systolic blood pressure during repeated incremental isometric exercise tests. Fifteen participants performed seated isometric double-leg knee extension, during which maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was assessed, using an isokinetic dynamometer. From this, a corresponding peak electromyographic activity (EMG(peak)) was determined. Subsequently, participants performed two incremental isometric exercise tests (at least 48 h apart) at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% EMG(peak), during which steady-state heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded. In all participants, there were linear relationships between %EMG(peak) and heart rate (r at least 0.91; P < 0.05) and between %EMG(peak) and systolic blood pressure (r at least 0.92; P < 0.05). Also, when repeated tests were compared, there were no differences in the slopes (P > 0.50) or elevations (P > 0.10) for either of the relationships. Therefore, these linear relationships could be used to identify isometric exercise training intensities that correspond to precise heart rates or systolic blood pressures. Training performed in this way might provide greater insight into the underlying mechanisms for the cardiovascular adaptations that are known to occur as a result.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

Males (N = 7), ages 23–45, were tested on a maximum and two submaximum performance tests to determine the effects of different intensities of exercise on intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure, blood pH, and blood lactate concentration were measured at rest, the midpoint of the submaximum tests, the end of exercise, and during the first 10 min of recovery. A two-way ANOVA was employed to determine if any significant differences existed between means due to the exercise or the intensity. The results of this study indicate that the intraocular pressure decreases during exercise and the first few minutes of recovery. However, the intensity of the exercise was not related to the amount of decrease in intraocular pressure. The decrease in pressure was associated with a decrease in blood pH and an increase in blood lactate concentration.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic dance on physical work capacity, cardiovascular function and body composition of young middle-aged women. Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O 2 max), heart rate during submaximal treadmill walking, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and body composition were determined before and after a 10-week aerobic dance conditioning program in 28 women (18 experimental and 10 control), aged 25 to 44 years. During the 10-week treatment period, the experimental subjects participated in 45 min of aerobic dance at 70–85% of the heart rate reserve, 3 days · week –1,whereas the control group did not participate in any regular strenuous physical activity. Changes in the experimental group were significantly greater than in the control group for [Vdot]O 2 max expressed in 1 · min –1 or relative to body weight or fat-free weight (5 to 7% vs. – 5 to – 8%), time on a continuous grade-incremented walking treadmill test (16% vs. 1%), heart rate during submaximal stages of the treadmill test (– 9% vs. 1%) and resting heart rate (– 8% vs. 2%). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body weight; percent fat, fat weight, and fat-free weight estimated using underwater weighing; sum of seven skinfolds; and sum of seven circumferences did not change significantly in either group. It was concluded that aerobic dance performed 30–45 min, 3 days · week –1 for 10 weeks significantly improves physical work capacity and cardiovascular function, but without dietary control, does not alter body composition in sedentary middle-aged women.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Thai ginseng, Kaempferia parviflora, is widely believed among the Mong hill tribe to reduce perceived effort and improve physical work capacity. Kaempferia parviflora is consumed before their daily work. Therefore, we conducted an acute study on the effects of K. parviflora on repeated bouts of sprint exercise and on endurance exercise time to exhaustion. Two studies were conducted in college males using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Ninety minutes after consumption of K. parviflora or a starch placebo, participants in study 1 (n = 19) completed three consecutive maximum 30-s sprint cycling Wingate tests, separated by 3 min recovery, while participants in study 2 (n = 16) performed submaximal cycling exercise to exhaustion. Peak and mean power output decreased with successive Wingate tests, while percent fatigue and blood lactate concentration increased after the third Wingate test (P < 0.05). There were no detectable differences in any measures with or without K. parviflora. There was also no effect of K. parviflora on time to exhaustion, rating of perceived exertion or heart rate during submaximal exercise. Our results indicate that acute ingestion of K. parviflora failed to improve exercise performance during repeated sprint exercise or submaximal exercise to exhaustion. However, chronic effects or actions in other populations cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

This study was conducted (a) to determine through factor analysis techniques the basic factors underlying selected blood variables, metabolic variables, and previously determined physical and athletic fitness variables at four fixed stages of metabolic stress and (b) to determine with the t-test and through discriminant function techniques those blood variables which can discriminate between high and low levels of physical fitness. The objective of the analyses was the interpretation of the revealed information in light of previously found knowledge on the relationship of physical activity and susceptibility to heart disease. Four factors were extracted and interpreted: the effect of weight on motor fitness, the detrimental effect of aging on physical fitness, metabolic readiness, and fitness and NEFA mobility. The t-test showed statistical significance for the difference between the physically fit and unfit group means in resting serum cholesterol, submaximal exercise serum cholesterol, maximal exercise blood pH, and recovery period blood pH. The discriminant function of the combined resting and submaximal exercise serum cholesterol has a statistically determined discriminating power for the physically fit and unfit groups.  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to develop a submaximal, 1.5-mile endurance test for college-aged students using walking, jogging, or running exercise. College students (N = 101: 52 men, 47 women), ages 18-26years, successfully completed the 1.5-mile test twice, and a maximal graded exercise test. Participants were instructed to achieve a "somewhat hard" exercise intensity (rating of perceived exertion = 13) and maintain a steady pace throughout each 1.5-mile test. Multiple linear regression generated the following prediction equation: VO2 max = 65.404 + 7.707 x gender (1 = male; 0 =female) - 0.159 x body mass (kg) - 0.843 x elapsed exercise time (min; walking, jogging orrunning). This equation shows acceptable validity (R = .86, SEE = 3.37 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) similar to the accuracy of comparable field tests, and reliability (ICC = .93) is also comparable to similar models. The statistical shrinkage is minimal (R(press) = 0.85, SEE(press) = 3.51 ml x kg(-) x min(-1)); hence, it should provide comparable results when applied to other similar samples. A regression model (R =.90, and SEE = 2.87 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) including exercise heart rate was also developed: VO2 max = 100.162 +/- 7.301 x gender(1 = male; 0 =female) - 0.164 x body mass (kg) - 1.273 x elapsed exercise time -0.156 x exercise heart rate, for those who have access to electronic heart rate monitors. This submaximal 1.5-mile test accurately predicts maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) without measuring heart rate and is similar to the 1.5-mile run in that it allowsfor mass testing and requires only a flat, measured distance and a stopwatch. Further, it can accommodate a wide range of fitness levels (from walkers to runners).  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

This study was designed to compare man's normal working physiological performance to that during rapid dehydration and rehydration. Seven trained men participated in submaximal exercise trials at three conditions (normal, dehydrated, and rehydrated). During each test measurements were recorded on the subject's rectal temperature change during exercise and recovery, exercise and recovery minute heart rates, minute volume, oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, ventilatory efficiency, and oxygen pulse. Analysis of the data, employing analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test, indicated significant differences in mean exercise and second minute recovery heart rates, with an elevation during the dehydration test, and a return to normalcy for the rehydration test. Oxygen pulse decreased notably with dehydration, returning to normal with rehydration. Mean rectal temperature change, first minute recovery heart rate, oxygen consumption, ventilatory efficiency, minute volume, and respiratory quotient did not exhibit significant change.  相似文献   

9.
有氧健身操对增强中年女性心肺功能的作用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
通过对80名中年女性实施12周有氧健身操练习，探讨有氧健身操对提高中年女性心肺功能的作用，结果发现有氧健身操可降低安静心率与血压，提高台阶实验指数，增加肺活量，是一种有效提高中年女性心肺功能的健身方法。  相似文献   

10.
有氧健身操对中年女性心肺功能的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
通过对60名中年女性实施16周有氧健身操练习，探讨有氧健身操对提高中年女性心肺功能的作用，结果发现有氧健身操可降低安静心率与血压、提高台阶实验指数、增加肺活量，是一种有效提高中年女性心肺功能的健身方法。  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the change in (sub)maximal heart rate after intensified training is associated with the change in performance. Thirty subjects were recruited who performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests to exhaustion 2 weeks before (pre), 1 week after (post) and 5 weeks after (follow-up) an 8-day non-competitive amateur cycling event (TFL). The exercise volume during the TFL was 7.7 fold the volume during the preparation period. Heart rate and cardiopulmonary parameters were obtained at standardised absolute submaximal workloads (low, medium and high intensity) and at peak level each test. Subjects were classified as functionally overreached (FOR) or acute fatigued (AF) based on the change in performance. No differences between FOR and AF were observed for heart rate (P?=?.51). On total group level (AF?+?FOR), post-TFL heart rate decreased significantly at low (?4.4 beats·min?1, 95% CI [?8.7, ?0.1]) and medium (?5.5 beats·min?1 [?8.5, ?2.4]), but not at high intensity. Peak heart rate decreased ?3.4 beats·min?1 [?6.1, ?0.7]. O2pulse was on average 0.49?ml O2·beat?1 [0.09, 0.89] higher at all intensities after intensified training. No changes in ?O2 (P?=?.44) or the ventilatory threshold (P?=?.21) were observed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed negative associations between heart rate and O2pulse at low (r?=??.56, P?<?.01) and medium intensity (r?=??.54, P?<?.01), but not with ?O2 or any other submaximal parameter. (Sub)maximal heart rate decreased after the TFL. However, this decrease is unrelated to the change in performance. Therefore, heart rate seems inadequate to prescribe and monitor intensified training.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to find early markers for overreaching that are applicable in sport practice. In a group of elite soccer players aged 15–18, the stress–recovery balance and reaction times before and after exercise were assessed. Overreaching was indicated by an elevated submaximal heart rate during a sport-specific field test. Submaximal changes in heart rate were prospectively monitored by means of monthly Interval Shuttle Run Tests during two competitive seasons. Out of 94 players, seven players with an elevated heart rate of at least one month could be included in the study, together with seven controls, matched for age, body composition, training and performance level. The stress–recovery balance was assessed with the Dutch version of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ-Sport). The soccer players with an elevated heart rate reported a disturbed stress–recovery balance (Mann–Whitney test, P<0.05). An ANOVA for repeated measures of reaction times revealed a significant main effect of time (F 1,12=13.87, P<0.01) indicating an improvement of psychomotor speed. No differences between groups were found. We conclude that soccer players with an elevated submaximal heart rate of at least one month share a disturbed stress–recovery balance, but they could not be distinguished from controls based on reaction time after strenuous exercise.  相似文献   

13.
研究目的:观察《标准》中台阶试验和中跑测验方案对高中生心肺机能锻炼效果评价的一致性,评价《标准》的合理性。受试:潮州市百花台职业高级中学二年级4个自然教学班共180名学生,其中男生100人,女生80人。方法:受试进行10周慢跑训练,于训练前后按《标准》规定的方法对受试进行台阶试验和中跑测试。结论:《标准》中台阶试验与中跑测验方案对高中男生心肺机能锻炼效果的评价结果基本一致,而对女生心肺耐力锻炼效应的评价结果不一致。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether arm crank ergometry (ACE) disturbed postural sway to the same extent as cycle ergometry (CE). Nine healthy, none specifically trained adults undertook posturographic tests before and after five separate exercise trials consisting of: two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion for ACE and CE to examine postural sway responses to maximal exercise and to determine peak power output (Wmax); two subsequent tests of 30 min duration for ACE and CE at a relative workload corresponding to 50% of the ergometer-specific Wmax (ACErel; 53 ± 8 W and CErel; 109 ± 16 W). A final CE trial was performed at the same absolute power output (CEabs) as the submaximal ACE trial to match absolute exercise intensity (i.e., 53 ± 8 W). The centre of pressure (COP) displacement was recorded using a force platform before, immediately after exercise and during a 30-min recovery period. ACE had no effects on postural sway (P > 0.05). An increase in mediolateral COP displacement was observed following maximal CE only (P = 0.001), while anteroposterior COP displacement and COP path length increased following maximal and submaximal CE (P < 0.05). These differences in postural sway according to exercise mode likely stem from the activity of postural muscles when considering that CE recruits lower limb muscles involved in balance. This study provides evidence of an exercise mode which does not elicit post-exercise balance impairments, therefore possesses applications to those at an increased risk of falling.  相似文献   

15.
目的:检验间歇和持续有氧运动对中老年2型糖尿病患者的干预效果,从而提供较为科学合理的运动处方。方法:通过Web of science、PubMed/MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、SportDiscus、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等中外文数据库,检索有关间歇与持续有氧运动干预中老年2型糖尿病患者的随机对照试验研究,利用Review Manager 5.3统计软件进行计量分析,包括偏倚风险评估、异质性分析、合并效应与效应大小检验和敏感性分析。结果:1)共纳入9项研究,包括297名被试;2)间歇训练与持续训练能有效改善中老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗、BMI、有氧适能和疲劳、幸福感等身心健康指标;3)两者在改善HbA1c%(P=0.04)、总胆固醇(P=0.00)、收缩压(P=0.00)和有氧适能(P=0.00)方面存在显著差异;4)15~30 min/次、3~5次/周,持续8~12周的中至高等强度间歇训练对糖化血红蛋白、收缩压和有氧适能的干预效应更优,而长于12周、5次/周、大于30 min/次的中等强度间歇训练对总胆固醇可以产生较好的干预效应。结论:间歇训练与持续训练能一定程度改善中老年2型糖尿病患者的身心健康,相较于持续训练,间歇训练能更有效降低HbA1c%、总胆固醇、收缩压、提高有氧适能,15~30 min/次、3~5次/周、持续8~12周的中等强度间歇训练是干预中老年2型糖尿病较为有效的运动处方。  相似文献   

16.
周勇  赵霞 《福建体育科技》2007,26(2):19-20,26
通过对58名中年女性实施6个月的有氧健身操锻炼,探讨有氧健身操对中年女性身体成分和心肺功能的影响。结果显示,长期参加有氧健身操锻炼,可以降低体脂、静态心率及血压,提高台阶指数和肺容量,对预防中年女性心血管疾病具有重要作用。  相似文献   

17.
身体锻炼方式与中老年人信息加工能力的关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
182名受试者被分为3个锻炼组和1个对照组。3个锻炼组是:大极拳/剑组、导引养生功组和慢跑锻炼组。结果表明:1,积极锻炼者的心理健康指标明显优于不积极锻炼者;2,各积极锻炼组之间心理健康指标的差异不大;3,太极拳/剑锻炼对于中老年人数字广度的保持具有更积极的意义,表现为它见效快,所有负荷小,但如果坚持锻炼时间在6 a以上,则慢跑锻炼比太极和导引对数字广度的保持更为有效;4,身体锻炼对延缓心理衰老的积极作用,可能在于其对参与者注意和意识状态的有效调整。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the ePulse Personal Fitness Assistant, a forearm-worn device that provides measures of heart rate and estimates energy expenditure. Forty-six participants engaged in 4-minute periods of standing, 2.0 mph walking, 3.5 mph walking, 4.5 mph jogging, and 6.0 mph running. Heart rate and energy expenditure were simultaneously recorded at 60-second intervals using the ePulse, an electrocardiogram (EKG), and indirect calorimetry. The heart rates obtained from the ePulse were highly correlated (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≥0.85) with those from the EKG during all conditions. The typical errors progressively increased with increasing exercise intensity but were <5 bpm only during rest and 2.0 mph. Energy expenditure from the ePulse was poorly correlated with indirect calorimetry (ICCs: 0.01–0.36) and the typical errors for energy expenditure ranged from 0.69–2.97 kcal · min?1, progressively increasing with exercise intensity. These data suggest that the ePulse Personal Fitness Assistant is a valid device for monitoring heart rate at rest and low-intensity exercise, but becomes less accurate as exercise intensity increases. However, it does not appear to be a valid device to estimate energy expenditure during exercise.  相似文献   

19.
对长期从事太极拳运动的老年人与普通老年人的心率、血压、肺活量、台阶试验指数、力量、柔韧、灵敏等各项生理指标和运动素质进行测试比较,研究结果显示：长期从事太极拳运动的老年人与普通老年人的身体机能和运动素质等大多数指标存在着明显的差异,表现为从事太极拳运动的老年人的身体机能与运动素质等指标优于普通老年人,这说明长期从事太极拳锻炼能够减少外周血管阻力,改善外周循环,降低安静心率与血压,提高肺活量和台阶指数以及力量、柔韧、灵敏等素质,对老年性外周循环障碍起到良好的保健作用,太极拳运动对减缓心、肺功能下降的速度,维持和提高老年群体身体素质具有积极的促进作用。  相似文献   

20.
中老年知识分子42式太极拳锻炼的血液动力流变学效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用XXG－D型心功能测仪对集美老年大学42式太极拳班39名中老年知识分子进行练拳前和练拳1年后在安静状态下的血液动力流变学32个参数的检测。结果表明,坚持太极拳练习可出现：每搏输出量（SV）增加、脉率（PR）减慢、左心能量有效利用率（EWK）提高、心肌耗氧量（HOV）和耗氧指数（HOI）降低等血液动力学中枢效应;收缩压（SP）和平均收缩压（MSP）、总外周阻力（TPR）和标准用阻（SPR）降低等血液动力学外用效应。但对血粘度（η）和微循环状况的改善不具统计学意义。初步观察到42式太极拳练习对血液动力流变学具有双向性调节作用,其机理有待研究。  相似文献   

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