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1.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):71-82
The rise of a global finance sector is one of the most salient aspects of the whole process of globalisation, and a true phenomenon of our times. Whilst various politico‐economic changes were necessary to achieve this change, the simple fact is that it would have been impossible without the prior revolution in information and communications technologies (ICTs). These new technologies—such as semiconductors, computers, computer networks and communications satellites—when combined provided the necessary infrastructure for the emerging global finance system. This paper describes the way various finance markets, mostly American, grew and aggregated to form huge, global markets through the application of increasingly sophisticated and capable ICT systems. In doing so it foregrounds the essential role of sustained development in ICT capability in order to complement the analysis offered by literature written from neo‐classical economics or institutionalist perspectives. The developing finance system was the product of many forces, but it was only when the appropriate technological, and particularly systemic, arrangements were in place that the finance sector could become truly global in scale. 相似文献
2.
Changjun Lee Dieter Franz Kogler Daeho Lee 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1576-1591
In addressing persistent gaps in existing theories, recent advances in data-driven research approaches offer novel perspectives and exciting insights across a spectrum of scientific fields concerned with technological change and the socio-economic impact thereof. The present investigation suggests a novel approach to identify and analyze the evolution of technology sectors, in this case, information and communications technology (ICT), considering international collaboration patterns and knowledge flows and spillovers via information inputs derived from patent documents.The objective is to utilize and explore information regarding inventors’ geo-location, technology sector classifications, and patent citation records to construct various types of networks. This, in turn, will open up avenues to discover the nature of evolutionary pathways in ICT trajectories and will also provide evidence of how the overall ICT knowledge space, as well as directional knowledge flows within the ICT space, have evolved differently. It is expected that this data-driven inquiry will deliver intuitive results for decision makers seeking evidence for future resource allocation and who are interested in identifying well-suited collaborators for the development of potential next-generation technologies. Further, it will equip researchers in technology management, economic geography, or similar fields with a systematic approach to analyze evolutionary pathways of technological advancements and further enable exploitation and development of new theories regarding technological change and its socio-economic consequences. 相似文献
3.
This paper develops a history-friendly model of the process of catch-up by Chinese firms in the mobile communications industry. It aims to explain how the sectoral environment in terms of segmented markets and generational technological change facilitated the catch-up of domestic firms with respect to foreign multinationals. Segmented markets provided a nurturing environment in peripheral markets for the survival of domestic firms starting with low level capabilities in their infant stage. Generational technological change opened windows of opportunities for domestic firms to catch-up with foreign multinationals in new product segments. Segmented markets and generational technological change allowed domestic firms to leverage their initial advantages in peripheral markets to catch-up in core markets. Counterfactual simulations highlight that the process of catch-up was facilitated by relatedness across technological generations. This paper contributes to the literature on catch-up and industry evolution by illustrating the role of technological change and market regimes in the process of catching-up. 相似文献
4.
政策形态是智慧城市的核心要素，基于城市应用服务的智慧城市政策推动了城市技术创新。应用核密度估计与核函数分解，分析智慧城市引导型、支持型与均衡型政策的动态演化，明晰异质引导与协同溢出两个演化特征阶段，基于政策传导领域因素构建智慧城市政策推进城市技术创新的机理模型，利用倾向得分匹配方法进行实证检验。结果表明：智慧城市政策演化具有阶段差异，智慧城市政策能够促进城市技术创新且产生技术正向外溢；智慧城市物联网络基础设施结构嵌入与城市技术创新呈现正相关关系；信息服务价值嵌入、智慧应用资源配置与智慧产业结构性竞争呈现正相关关系；智慧产业结构性竞争在信息服务价值嵌入与城市技术创新、智慧应用资源配置与城市技术创新之间存在部分中介效应。研究结论为智慧城市建设提供了理论导向与实践参考价值。 相似文献
5.
Helge Godoe 《Research Policy》2000,29(9):657
By introducing the concept of innovation regimes, the aim of this article is to show how the rapid pace of technological development in the telecom sector may be explained by the close links between the sector's own R&D and the creation of numerous innovations, many of which are radical. In contemporary innovation theory, a theoretical antinomy exists: Whereas, the creation of incremental innovations is variously explained in terms of «rational» responses to markets, dynamics of technological regimes, dominant design, etc., radical innovations, in contrast, are explained in terms of serendipity, chance or haphazard scientific discoveries. Evidence from analysis of innovations in the telecom sector suggests that innovation regimes have provided a capability of coordination, direction and leadership in the creation of many of the radical technological innovations that have emerged in the sector. Thus, one may claim that the strong innovation regimes and high R&D intensity of the telecom sector, at least until recently, have provided a capability of creating innovations on purpose — for a purpose. The policy implications of this contradict some of the assumptions on which the prevailing market-oriented R&D governance models and policies are based — and which are supported by contemporary innovation theories. 相似文献
6.
21世纪是知识经济的时代,知识经济的核心是科技创新。从世界经济发展的历史来看,科技是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志,一个国家或地区科技水平的高低决定着一个国家或地区的综合实力。面对科技竞争带来的机遇与挑战,大力发展科技创新已经成为我国经济发展的战略选择,而适度的税收优惠政策则可以促进企业进行科技创新的投入。为了实现这一目标,本文采用列表分析的方法,列举了我国目前的科技创新税收政策,并进行分析,并提出了要完善我国科技创新税收优惠政策体系、争取对不发达地区科技创新工作的税收优惠政策支持以及增强科技创新工作税收政策的实施力度的建议。 相似文献
7.
Economic policy in Hong Kong is frequently cited as a shining example of the laissez‐faire model for development, with minimal government intervention. However, the government has played a bigger role in the economy than is often recognized, responding to market failures, social problems, and the needs of the business community. Information technology (IT) policy in Hong Kong has mirrored the colony's laissez‐faire economic strategy, with little government effort to promote the production or use of IT products and services. Hong Kong has become an advanced user of IT in several economic sectors and an assembly site for personal computer hardware. However, like much of the manufacturing sector, the computer industry is moving much of its production to China, causing concern about the future of Hong Kong's economy. While some people feel that Hong Kong can flourish as a financial and business services center, others feel that this role will be diminished as the Chinese economy liberalizes and other centers develop in mainland China. They argue that Hong Kong needs to upgrade its technological capabilities and develop technology‐intensive activities such as R&D and software development to complement China's manufacturing activities. The government has begun to respond with limited measures to encourage R&D, train more scientists, engineers, and managers, and support technology start‐ups. Hong Kong has the potential to develop software and information services industries to serve the Chinese market. It also can apply IT to other sectors to maintain its leadership as a financial, business services, transportation, and communications center. 相似文献
8.
环保产业是连接环境与经济的桥梁,是“十三五”时期国家的重点建设内容,为更有效地促进环保产业发展,有必要对众多环保产业政策工具进行比较。本文基于国外经验及中国实际构建了中国环保产业政策工具分类的概念模型,并在此基础上应用中国环保产业营业收入和三类六项政策工具的1995-2014年数据构建GRA-VAR模型,通过测度政策工具对环保产业的重要程度及影响比较环保产业多项政策工具。研究得出：在促进环保产业发展三类政策中,科技政策工具最优、经济政策工具次之、法制政策工具最弱。其中,科技政策工具中代表成果的细分工具在六项细分工具中排名第五;经济政策工具作为经济手段,其与环保产业的关联程度高于另两类行政手段与环保产业的平均关联程度。 相似文献
9.
交通运输业是中国碳排放来源的主要部门之一,具有很大的减排潜力。本文首先测算了2001—2020年中国交通运输业的碳排放,接着运用对数平均迪氏指数（LMDI）法分解碳排放的驱动因素,最后运用蒙特卡洛模拟,并设计3种情景（基准情景、技术进步情景和低碳目标情景）,研究不同政策路径对2021—2030年交通运输业碳排放的动态影响及其达峰潜力。研究表明：①中国交通运输业碳排放最主要的驱动因素是经济规模,其次是人口规模;②促降因素为能源碳集约度、交通能源强度以及行业规模,其中影响最大的是行业规模;③蒙特卡洛模拟的结果显示,与基准情景相比,技术进步情景的减排力度最大可达30.27%,低碳目标情景的减排力度最大可达51.32%。此外,3种情景中,只有在低碳目标情景下有可能实现2030年交通运输业的碳达峰目标,另外两种情景尚未出现达峰拐点。最后,根据研究结论,本文为交通运输业实现2030年碳达峰目标提供了相关政策建议。 相似文献
10.
This article critically assesses the policy orientation, social impacts, and linkages of telecommunications in the United States within a government deregulated policy environment and an increasingly globalized economy. Deregulation has been driven by both ideological and technological demands, stemming from several political and economic transformations in the world economy, the collapse of state socialism in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and greater oligopolistic competition among transnational corporations. An expanded infrastructure of new digital information and communications technology (ICT) is the foundation of a worldwide political economic regime of accumulation. ICT increases command and control capabilities of large corporations, together with the mobility and liquidity of capital, making it essential to the restructuring of the world economy, the new international division of labor, and the creation of global "information city" networks. At the same time, government deregulation and rapid technological change are associated with a number of spatial, economic, and social dualisms. 相似文献
11.
中国工业部门能源消费反弹效应的估算——基于技术进步视角的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
反弹效应是能源经济学中一个重要的研究课题,它的大小关系到能源政策的实施效果,在国内尚缺乏关于工业部门的实证检验。因此,本文基于新古典经济增长理论,按照索罗余数的思想估算了中国工业部门1979年-2007年的技术进步贡献率,并利用这一估算结果测算了1979年-2007年中国工业部门能源消费的反弹效应。实证研究的结果表明,1979年-2007年中国工业部门的平均能源反弹效应约为46.38%,而能源反弹效应总的变化趋势成递减状态。由技术进步而产生的能源效率提高,虽然没有使中国工业部门实现预期的节能目标,但总的呈现出能源节约的特征。本文研究的政策含义为:在依靠技术进步提高能源效率的同时,要注意能源价格政策、税收政策等的宏观调控,以实现预期的节能目标。 相似文献
12.
本文以中国和典型国家的政府采购促进科技创新政策文件为研究样板,从法律效力结构的角度运用政策计量工具,分析中国政府在制定此方面政策的组织管理机制;从促进节能环保、促进科技型中小企业发展、促进高新技术产品的政府采购和优先采购国货等四个维度,开展中国政府采购促进科技创新政策的国际比较分析,找出中国与这些国家之间的差异,及亟需解决的问题。研究结果表明,一方面,政策制定时间分布不均匀,需要遵循一定的周期性;绝大部分国家部委参与及主导次数均低于平均值,需要提高其制定政策的参与度;另一方面,需要进一步完善政策工具,包括：建立中小型企业供应商数据库;制定分级制度和后评价制度,制定创新产品和服务的具体实施办法,对进口产品进行分类管理等。 相似文献
13.
能源约束、技术进步与中国经济增长可持续性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建最终产品生产部门、研发部门以及能源生产部门的三部门内生增长模型,证明了稳态经济增长路径上的经济增长率等于技术进步增长率和能源增长率的加权和,只要经济发展中有足够的人力资本积累和技术进步,就可以克服能源的短缺,保持经济的可持续最优增长。采用我国2004-2011年30个省市的相关面板数据对上述结论进行了计量回归分析,估计的结果支持了这一结论。研究表明,我国研发资本的产出效率低下,应该更加重视研发资本产出效率的提高,而不是一味地强化研发资本投入量的增加。技术进步和能源消费对我国经济增长的影响系数都为正数,且技术进步的影响系数小于能源对经济增长率的影响系数。这说明目前我国经济增长仍然更多地要依靠能源消费的增长。最后,根据研究结论给出了本文的相关政策建议。 相似文献
14.
系统、科学的评估指标体系是确定技术成果价值的基础,在理论研究的基础上,本文构建技术成果价值影响因素特征分类指标体系,使用Hedonic Price模型对技术成果价值影响因素进行实证研究。研究发现:经济效益是技术成果价值的决定性因素,技术水平对技术成果价值变动解释能力弱于经济效益,技术特点对技术成果价值变动的解释能力较弱;技术成果的技术水平与技术特点在一定程度上加强了技术成果的经济效益与其价值之间的关系,技术水平与技术特点对技术成果经济效益与其价值存在双重影响,在技术成果价值影响因素中属于准调节变量。最后,提出完善技术成果价值评估指标体系的对策建议。 相似文献
15.
资源法律规制、规划规制、标准规制和指标规制构成资源规制的基本体系,其中资源法律规制是最高层次的规制,规制效力最强。本文在对资源法律规制的规制主体、规制内容和规制强度的演进历程进行梳理的基础上,将建国以来中国资源法律规制分为四个阶段：起源阶段（1949年-1966年）、停滞阶段（1967年-1976年）、起步阶段（1977年-2000年）和拓展提升阶段（2000年-）。研究认为,目前中国的资源法律规制存在诸多问题：资源法律规制体系尚未建立,缺乏系统性的自然资源基本法;规制主体繁多,但是缺乏独立的规制主体;惩罚性手段多,奖励性手段少;规制内容不全面、不协调,存在规制交叉、重叠和冲突的情况;规制结果考核有效性不足,缺乏对规制者的规制。未来,中国应从完善资源法律体系、明确资源法律规制主体及其责任、提高资源法律规制的强度、实现资源规制手段的多元化等方面建立健全中国资源法律规制体系。 相似文献
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17.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):141-143
This paper provides a review of Israel's science and technology policy and traces the growth and development of technology intensive industry in that country. Such policy has generally been neutral with regard to industry, technological field or class of product; concentrates on industrial R &; D directly performed in industrial firms; and is an integral part of overall national industrial policy — being centred in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Drawing upon case studies and other statistical evidence, the paper argues that such policy has been partly responsible for Israel's success in building up an indigenous, export-oriented, high technology sector. 相似文献
18.
突破传统经济学的中性技术进步假设,基于2000-2016年粮食产量、价格、生产要素价格等相关数据,采用技术进步福利效应模型从分配效应与产量效应视角实证分析粮食生产技术有偏演进的福利效应,探讨技术有偏演进---要素相对价格变化---农户福利变动这一链条的作用机制,试图揭示粮食生产技术进步有偏演进对不同主体福利变动的影响机理。研究结果表明：粮食生产技术进步有偏演进有利于社会整体福利的改善,从2000年的658.77亿元增加至2016年的2243.25亿元,但这种改善随时间推移达到拐点后呈逐渐递减趋势。经济剩余在生产者与消费者之间以及采用不同生产要素的生产者之间的分配具有非均衡性,消费者与采用生化型技术的生产者获得了绝大多数剩余,采用机械型技术的生产者是遭受福利损失的主体。资本-劳动替代弹性的差异使得粮食生产技术进步有偏演进对三大主粮福利分配的影响各不相同。 相似文献
19.
Maria Sourbati 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):248-254
The promotion of media literacy as way of increasing access to the range of services available via today's media and communication technologies is currently an emphasis in Europe's information society policy debates. The notion of media literacy heralds a shift in the communications policy arena, especially with regard to media access as a policy goal. Taking into account the situated origins of the inherited regulatory concepts of access, this article argues that the way in which we operationalize media access must reflect how individuals engage with convergent electronic media services. It proposes a context- and user-sensitive approach, where the situation of media (non)users is assessed in terms of the technological and social infrastructure needed to support their access to particular media services. 相似文献
20.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):285-295
In the media there is a complex interaction between technological change, markets and policy. The policy questions that arise are complex but not insoluble. Who should provide the technological infrastructure? Is economic, social or technical regulation required? If so, what is to be regulated? If technical regulation is required, what are to be the technical standards? We are no longer simply reacting to technological change but are actually planning ahead of change. 相似文献