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王晓 《体育成人教育学刊》2000,(4)
1 问题提出慢跑是一种全面发展身体素质 ,促进人体和器官系统功能健康发展 ,特别是发展心肺功能的有效练习手段。如能长期坚持慢跑锻炼 ,到了老年 ,即使与年轻人一起参加长跑比赛 ,其心肺功能也能适应 ;另外 ,慢跑也是控制和减轻体重、保持健美体态的最有效方法。随着我国全民健身运动的深入开展 ,人们都在寻找适合自己的锻炼手段 ,而慢跑则是一项经济、简单易行、锻炼价值高的运动 ,它对练习所需的场地和器材的要求较低 ,适合任何人进行练习。但是由于慢跑是机械性动作 ,而且练习的距离长 ,容易使人在练习时觉得枯燥无味 ,过于单调 ,再加… 相似文献
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国内各级专业队和学校业余队田径训练的准备活动大体有两种形式。一种是先慢跑几分钟,再做一些专项柔韧性练习,然后做小步跑高抬腿跑、后蹬跑、车轮跑以及加速跑等专门练习;另一种是先慢跑几分钟,再做一些柔韧性练习,然后进行足球或其它游戏,再做几个专门练习。 相似文献
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竞技体育的训练课都是从准备活动开始的,短跑训练也不例外。众所周知,准备活动的目的是,通过慢跑和一系列的身体练习,提高中枢神经系统的兴奋性,加强各系统器官的机能活动,克服生理隋性。为训练做好准备。就短跑项目训练课的准备活动而言,它一般包括慢跑、伸展练习和专门练习三个部份。现在,在优秀运动队的训练中,准备活动一般要化费训 相似文献
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接力有对抗激烈、悬念大的特点,学生练习兴趣高。但传统的接力形式过于简单,形式变化单调,学生传棒完毕后原地不动,恢复慢,过多使用,学生也会丧失兴趣。NX+2站位模式循环接力在传统接力的基础上进行改编,根据教学和训练任务将练习设置为若干练习站,学生按照既定顺序和路线,依次完成每站练习任务,快速跑传棒结束后,慢跑到下一站点准备接棒再进行快速跑,依次循环。快速跑与慢跑结合,利于恢复,练习过程中有直道,也有弯道,形式变化多,还可添加其他练习,位置始终在变化。运用NX+2站位模式循环接力法,可更有效地激发学生练习情绪,累积负荷“痕迹… 相似文献
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目的:探讨瑜伽运动对体育专业男生身体机能七项指标的影响。方法:将60人随机分为A、B两组(每组各30人),对A组进行瑜伽训练,每周训练2次,每次90min;B组不进行瑜伽训练,只进行简单的慢跑练习,次数与瑜伽练习组相同,每次45min。实验时间均为25周,实验前后对受试者七项指标进行测定。结果:A、B两组七项指标各项值均有变化,变化幅度瑜伽组平均改变率为15.31%,慢跑组平均改变率为7.92%,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:瑜伽锻炼对身体机能七项指标的改变效果好于慢跑练习。 相似文献
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这里所讲的准备活动是根据瑞士法特莱克的训练原理(即心血管系统的训练,速度、柔韧性、灵活性、力量练习相结合的原理)编制的。准备活动的第一阶段是800—3000米慢跑。之后,做单人或双人的伸展练习。伸展练习做完后即转入第二阶段的专门练习。专门练习是在1000公尺的跑动中进行的(在五分半至六分钟之内完成)。下面举一个例子(在200米的场地内跑五圈)。第一圈:开始是100米加速跑,然后接50米慢跑,再接50米加速跑。快跑时用3/4或 相似文献
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<正> 要提高中学生快速跑的成绩,必须发展学生腿部肌肉群的力量,改进动作技术。为此,下列一些练习是值得考虑的。一、摆臂练习按正确姿势做原地与慢跑的摆臂练习。每组做10—20秒。练习时间不宜过多,否则容易 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。 相似文献