共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
运动性疲劳是一个复杂的生理现象,其发生机制主要包括外周机制与中枢机制．影响运动性中枢疲劳发生发展及恢复过程的因素很多,文章重点阐述了不同运动状态下中枢神经递质的变化与中枢疲劳、环境温度及运动对中枢机能的影响,以及营养补充促进中枢疲劳恢复的作用与机制等方面的研究现状。 相似文献
2.
运动疲劳与神经递质的生理学研究进展(综述) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从肌肉的外周机制和大脑中的中枢机制两个方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述，总结了神经递质与中枢疲劳的关系。资料表明，5-羟色胺(5-HT)、r-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(GLY)等是脑组织抑制性神经递质；而谷氨酸(GLU)和天冬氨酸(AsP)等是兴奋性神经递质。此外，多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(ACH)、血氨(NH3)等均是运动性中枢疲劳较为敏感的神经递质。 相似文献
3.
一氧化氮与运动疲劳关系的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
一氧化氮(NO)是一种自由基,也是一种重要的细胞内信使分子,其参与许多生理过程,具有广泛的生物学效应。本文主要从NO对肌肉的外周机制和大脑的中枢机制两方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述,探讨了NO与运动性中枢疲劳的关系,并展望了其在消除运动性疲劳的意义。 相似文献
4.
神经-肌肉疲劳的生理学研究进展 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
本文简要的回顾了神经肌肉疲劳的研究历史，并从生理学角度综述近年来国内外的研究人员在中枢性疲劳与外周疲劳的理论与实验研究方面取得的新进展。有关中枢性疲劳，本文着重介绍了5-羟色胺、多巴胺、乙酰胆碱等中枢神经递质参与运动性疲劳的形成与恢复的新证据与新理论(可能的机制)。有关外周疲劳机制，本文从神经肌肉接头处的超微结构到骨骼肌细胞的亚细胞结构等可能发生疲劳的部位，将近年来的研究成果作了一个简要的概括。这些研究成果表明：有关运动性疲劳的生理学研究进入到亚细胞水平与分子水平。 相似文献
5.
体育运动中神经-肌肉疲劳研究的新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
赵中华 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,(3):44-46
简要回顾神经-肌肉疲劳的研究历史,并从生理学角度综述近年来国内外有关中枢性疲劳与外周疲劳的理论研究成果以及在实验研究方面取得的新进展.有关中枢性疲劳,着重介绍5-羟色胺、多巴胺、乙酰胆碱等中枢神经递质参与运动性疲劳的形成与恢复的新证据与新理论(可能的机制).有关外周疲劳机制,从神经肌肉接头处的超微结构到骨骼肌细胞的亚细胞结构等可能发生疲劳的部位,将近年来的研究成果作简要概括.这些研究成果表明有关运动性疲劳的生理学研究进入到亚细胞水平与分子水平. 相似文献
6.
从运动疲劳的中枢模型和节奏策略的中枢管理模型出发,以新的运动训练学的训练适应理论为基础,假设并阐述了极限负荷下心理承受力训练的基础原理.在极限负荷下心理承受力以大脑同外周生理系统的信息处理为内部过程,通过强化大脑内部算法的意识,心理技能的作用,冲击心理疲劳信念的阈限并最终影响中枢神经系统的疲劳管理策略即节奏策略而实现的.自我谈话在信息处理和意识的强化过程中起着关键作用. 相似文献
7.
影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
8.
为测定并分析不同运动能力受试者在动力和静力性运动时肌肉运动疲劳过程中肌电和脑电信号变化特征,将20名受试者分为两组,经常运动组(A组)10名,运动不足组 10名(B组).受试者进行动力性MVC持续肌肉收缩和1/3MVC静力性持续收缩两种运动,同步记录EMG和EEG信号.结果显示,MVC动力性运动时A组受试者平均MVC、RMS、IEMG显著性大于B组,MF则呈下降.随肌肉收缩持续IEMG变化形成一明显的转折点,但1/3MVC静力性运动时肌肉持续收缩时间短于MVC运动时间.不管是动力还是静力运动IEMG拐点与脑电α指数拐点发生在时间上一致.结论:IEMG形成的拐点可能成为肌肉疲劳的参照点.EEG所反映的中枢疲劳与EMG所反映的外周疲劳在生物电学变化上具有共性特征. 相似文献
9.
胆碱的补充与运动性中枢疲劳的推迟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陈秀英 《山东体育学院学报》2004,20(2):44-45
主要运用献资料法，就胆碱补充对提高运动能力和推迟运动性疲劳问题进行综述。认为，胆碱的适量补充对中枢乙酰胆碱的水平及中枢兴奋传导具有调节作用，对推迟运动性中枢疲劳可能具有一定的积极性作用。 相似文献
10.
围绕鸢尾素介导运动干预神经精神疾病的最新研究进展,系统梳理鸢尾素通过作用于中枢神经系统促进产生神经营养因子、改善神经元功能、促进神经元增殖和神经发生、改善脑内能量代谢和氧化应激水平、降低神经毒性作用等功能,从外周途径阐述鸢尾素信号通路在运动改善抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森综合征等神经精神疾病中的作用机制。发现鸢尾素在运动改善神经精神疾病中起着积极的调控作用,运动诱导的鸢尾素水平会随运动强度的不同而发生改变。肌肉与脑存在着一种以内分泌为主导的通路,骨骼肌作为一种内分泌器官可调控大脑健康和稳态,鸢尾素信号通路可介导运动对神经精神疾病的干预。运动引起的骨骼肌收缩产生的鸢尾素通过外周途径调控大脑的脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平,进而对情绪、认知及神经功能发挥调控作用。 相似文献
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):87-91
Abstract Possible peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been widely documented, including the depletion of muscle glycogen and the loss of body fluids. The notion that the brain may be intimately involved in the fatigue process is not a new one, but recently possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in this response have been investigated. Changes in central neurotransmission occur during exercise that may result in feelings of tiredness, lethargy, and a loss of motivation to continue exercise, contributing to the development of fatigue. There is evidence that manipulation of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline, through the administration of pharmacological agents, may delay the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise, particularly when performing in a warm environment. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine can influence perceived exertion and some measures of mental performance, but the results of several apparently well-controlled laboratory studies have not demonstrated a positive effect on exercise capacity under temperate conditions. The ergogenic effects of carbohydrate and caffeine are well documented, but often little attention is paid to the central effects of these nutrients. Carbohydrate ingestion has been demonstrated to alter brain activity and cerebral metabolism, factors that may be important in the development of fatigue and the maintenance of skill performance. There is strong evidence for a positive effect of caffeine on exercise performance, with recent data highlighting the role of central adenosine as a mediator of this response. 相似文献
12.
It is clear that the cause of fatigue is complex, influenced by events occurring in both the periphery and the central nervous system. Work conducted over the last 20 years has focused on the role of brain serotonin and catecholamines in the development of fatigue, and the possibility that manipulation of neurotransmitter precursors may delay the onset of fatigue. While there is some evidence that branched-chain amino acid and tyrosine ingestion can influence perceived exertion and some measures of mental performance, the results of several apparently well-controlled laboratory studies have not demonstrated a positive effect on exercise capacity or performance under temperate conditions. As football is highly reliant upon the successful execution of motor skills and tactics, the possibility that amino acid ingestion may help to attenuate a loss in cognitive function during the later stages of a game would be desirable, even in the absence of no apparent benefit to physical performance. There are several reports of enhanced performance of high-intensity intermittent exercise with carbohydrate ingestion, but at present it is difficult to separate the peripheral effects from any potential impact on the central nervous system. The possibility that changes in central neurotransmission play a role in the aetiology of fatigue when exercise is performed in high ambient temperatures has recently been examined, although the significance of this in relation to the pattern of activity associated with football has yet to be determined. 相似文献
13.
宋高晴 《山东体育学院学报》2004,20(3):48-51
对热条件下运动负荷对脑的生理功能及代谢的影响及其与疲劳的关系做了分析研究与综述。体核温度过高会对肌肉运动能力造成损害,这与中枢疲劳有关。体温过高导致脑循环效率下降和热潴留,脑氧代谢略微升高。而脑内乳酸的释放并不受影响。中枢疲劳反应和机体运动能力的下降可能是防止机体体核温度和脑温过高的“安全阀”。 相似文献
14.
运动与细胞凋亡的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
细胞凋亡是不同于细胞坏死的生理性细胞程序化死亡 ,它涉及到生命科学的各个领域 ,与运动医学的关系也非常密切。笔者综述了运动对骨骼肌、心肌和淋巴细胞凋亡的影响及其调节机制 ,旨在为进一步研究运动性疲劳的发生机制开辟一条新的途径 相似文献
15.
16.
Carbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance exercise performance. In the past two decades, research has repeatedly reported the performance benefits of formulations comprising both glucose and fructose (GLUFRU) over those based on glucose (GLU). This has been usually related to additive effects of these two monosaccharides on the gastrointestinal tract whereby intestinal carbohydrate absorption is enhanced and discomfort limited. This is only a partial explanation, since glucose and fructose are also metabolized through different pathways after being absorbed from the gut. In contrast to glucose that is readily used by every body cell type, fructose is specifically targeted to the liver where it is mainly converted into glucose and lactate. The ingestion of GLUFRU may thereby profoundly alter hepatic function ultimately raising both glucose and lactate fluxes. During exercise, this particular profile of circulating carbohydrate may induce a spectrum of effects on muscle metabolism possibly resulting in an improved performance. Compared to GLU alone, GLUFRU ingestion could also induce several non-metabolic effects which are so far largely unexplored. Through its metabolite lactate, fructose may act on central fatigue and/or alter metabolic regulation. Future research could further define the effects of GLUFRU over other exercise modalities and different athletic populations, using several of the hypotheses discussed in this review. 相似文献
17.
氨和运动 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
宋桂茹 《天津体育学院学报》1994,9(2):53-58
氨是氨基酸代谢的产物。运动时肌肉氨基酸代谢增强，运动肌肉从摄取氨转向释放氨；运动使肝血流量下降，氨通过合成尿素而解毒的速率下降，使血氨浓度升高。本文论述了运动时骨骼肌产氨的途径，高血氨对中枢神经系统的影响，以及高血氨与周围疲劳和中枢性疲劳的关系。 相似文献