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现代体育心理与运动心理学的发展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
依据现代体育的运动的发展趋势及心理学的内在规律,发现体育运动有两种心理取向。章对以活动－素质为心理取向的体育心理学和以素质－活动为心理取向的运动心理学的研究内容进行了理论探索。 相似文献
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临床运动心理学的界定、现状及发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从任务和内容的角度界定了临床运动心理学.在回顾分析近年来临床运动心理学文献基础上发现,临床运动心理学已初具雏形,初步形成了自已的基本理论、心理分类系统及评估策略、心理干预体系.讨论了临床运动心理学的发展趋势:未来研究将关注运动者心理变化机制、运动者心理健康及其干预、运动队沟通及发展、临床运动心理学家的胜任特征;其研究方法亟待规范,质性研究将受重视;其专业训练有待提高,资格认证将逐步严格,临床服务领域会进一步扩大. 相似文献
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认知心理学发展到现在，已经有三、四十年的历史。在此期间，信息加工理论一直是其指导思想，并直接影响着实验心理学和认知心理领域的研究。九十年代以来，联结理论和多功能理论逐渐形成。信息加工理论受到挑战。在体育运动领域，运动心理学家按照认知心理学经典性研究模式进行了开创性研究，取得了很大进展。但由于存在方法学上的缺陷，探讨在运动情境中运动员的认知心理特征，在理论和实践两方面都存在较大空间，这正是认知运动心理学发展的未来趋势。 相似文献
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中国的门球运动发展到今天,普及之广,技、战术水平之高,有目共睹。但在门球运动心理学理论的研究方面、运用门球运动心理学的理论指导门球运动的实践方面,目前还是一片空白。运动心理学早有专家著书立说,唯门球运动心理学则少有人问津。可喜的是,徐卫国先生积二十年百多场门球实战之经验,辛勤笔耕,终使《门球运动心理学培训教程》与大家见面了。本书主要揭示了门球队在组队、训练和比赛过程中,球队管理者和运动员心理过程及个性心理发生、发展及其变化规律,是一部很有实用价值的培训教材。众所周知,心理学科与教育学科是两门既有联系又有区… 相似文献
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中国运动心理学的研究现状与展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
1979年中国心理学学会下体育运动心理学专业委员会和1980年中国体育科学学会下体育运动心理学专业委员会的成立标志着中国运动心理学现代发展的开始。时20多年来中国运动心理学的研究领域及其现状进行回顾和评述，并对我国运动心理学未来研究做出一些展望，借此为我国运动心理学专家学者提供一些理论和实践的思考，以促进该学科的健康发展。 相似文献
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1993 年国际运动心理学发展动态评述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以《国际运动心理学杂志》、《运动心理学家》和《运动与锻炼心理学杂志》三个权威性刊物１９９３年发表的论文为依据，评述了当前国际运动心理学的发展动态，探讨了对中国运动心理学发展的启示，指出：国际运动心理学研究主题的特点是对方法学问题和动机问题的高度重视以及对个性研究的冷落；研究方法的特点是实验与问卷访谈并重，在实验中，以现场实验为主；中国运动心理学应特别注意研究中的理论导向问题。 相似文献
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运用文献资料分析法,借鉴运动生理学、运动心理学的基本理论以及排球运动训练的专项理论,依据规则修改后排球竞赛的规律性,分析和探讨了当代六人制排球运动员竞赛过程中的运动生理学与运动心理学特征. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献