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运动学习是人类认识世界的基本方式之一。在运动学习领域中，身体既是认识工具又是认识对象。学习者学习新动作的过程与其他类型的认识一样，都是为了实现主体与世界之间统一关系的建立，并且成为这一关系的存在者。运动学习的过程是主体(=心)与客体(=身)由分离走向统一的认识过程。 相似文献
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体验是人类最为直观的把握世界的方式，包括宗教体验、认知体验和审美体验三种类型。研究通过体验、审美体验问题的美学向度考察，认为体育观众的审美体验是一种情感体验，是运动者自我对象化的结果和观众生命体验的情感共鸣，观众与运动者共同构成体育观赏体验的审美关系；运动者的审美体验是一种意志体验，是运动者通过意志努力而实现的自我对象化过程与运动者意志体验内化的情感表达，运动者与自身及其身体外延物共同构成运动参与体验的审美关系。体育审美体验是体育美学理论研究的重要内容，在诠释与促进竞技观赏、体育消费、运动参与和美好生活实现方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2014,(4):509-512
2011年版的《义务教育体育与健康课程标准》更明确了体育课程的性质,突出强调运动技能是体育与健康课程学习的重要内容和实现其他学习方面目标的主要途径,反映了体育课程教学中培养学生运动技能的教学理念。因此,深入理解体育与健康课程的性质,准确地把握体育课程教学理念,注重运动技能教学策略运用的探索,提高学生的运动能力,是学校实施《义务教育体育与健康课程标准》过程中所面临的重要课题之一。 相似文献
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《体育与健康课程标准》实施过程中应注意的几个问题 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
季浏 《上海体育学院学报》2006,30(4):76-79,91
国家基础教育课程改革实验区开展《体育与健康课程标准》实验以来,取得了显著的成绩,但在实施过程中还存在一些认识“误区”。从“健康第一”指导思想与运动技能学习之关系、新型学习方式与传统学习方式之关系,学生的运动兴趣、三级课程管理、学习评价的可操作性等方面,对存在的认识“误区”进行疏导;分析影响《体育与健康课程标准》实施的几个观点。提出:应正视课程改革中存在的问题,坚定深化体育课程改革的信心和决心。 相似文献
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体育游戏具有趣味性、规则性和综合性等独特特点,它是借助身体运动、练习的方式进行的。在小学课堂教学中开展体育游戏,不仅能满足学生精神上的娱乐需求,陶冶学生的情操,而且体育游戏具有一定的运动负荷量,充分体现出其锻炼价值。文章从把握课程理念,融入课的不同结构;优化教学方法,调动学生参与热情;结合教材特点,培养社会适应能力;挖掘课程资源,开发多元游戏练习等方面,提出了在体育游戏在小学体育课堂教学中的有效运用,促使学生在丰富多彩的体育游戏活动中,体验到参与体育的快乐,进一步发展自我,提高运动技能,促进体育精神、体育品德的形成,为终身体育学习奠定基础。 相似文献
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“身体放松的运动”和“增强体质的运动”是２００２年４月日本开始实施的新学习指导要领中相当于我国的体育教学大纲作为“促进身体的运动”取代原来的“体操徒手体操”而引入日本体育科教育的一个新概念，也是当前日本新学习指导要领的一个突出特点。从目前出版发行的许多关于新学习指导要领的论述来看，“身体放松的运动”可以理解为“根据对身体活动的愉快体验，以达到使自己和同学心情愉快、调整身体并能够同同学进行丰富交流为目的的运动”①。“身体放松的运动”这个词最初是在１９９８年７月的教育课程审议会答辩中被使用的②，至于… 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献