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1.
近几年来中国耕地占补的空间分异特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地形是影响人类生产和生活的重要环境因子之一,也是影响土地资源结构及其变化的重要因素之一。本文基于全国地形数据和2008年-2010年土地利用动态变化数据,以占补耕地的海拔、坡度以及破碎度为主要参数,分析近年来中国占补耕地的地形分布特征。结果表明：（1）2008年-2010年,全国耕地占补呈现南占北补的空间分布格局,黑河一腾冲线以西以补充耕地为主,而黑河一腾冲线以东以占用耕地为主。其中新疆耕地补充较多,占全国补充耕地的76.8％,长三角、京津冀等地区耕地占用较为严重。甘肃、内蒙古、黑龙江等北方城市占用与补充耕地交错分布,在数量上基本达到占补耕地的动态平衡;②我国耕地重心向西北方向移动。耕地占用主要发生在华北、华中等地区,而补偿耕地主要在北方以及西北地区。从各省的情况看,产粮大省耕地占用较多,补偿不到位,且占用耕地地形要素较为优越,而补充耕地地形要素较差不利于农作物生长,如若不引起重视会对我国的粮食安全产生威胁;③从占补耕地的地形分布特征来说,全国38．7％的省份占用耕地的坡度小于全省耕地的平均坡度,而补偿耕地的平均坡度大于全省耕地的平均坡度,海拔、破碎度与耕地占补的关系也表现出与坡度类似的特征。这说明,我国在城市化加速的进程中,优质耕地资源存在被占用的情况,而在对耕地资源进行补偿的过程中,往往不能做到等质等量的耕地补偿,尤其是当占用了大量连片耕地时,补偿过程以零散地块补偿为主,大大削弱了耕地的生产能力,降低了耕地的规模化生产价值,增加了农业的投入产出比。 相似文献
2.
《黑龙江科技信息》2017,(31)
基于Arc GIS平台,运用空间分析和数学统计方法,探究怒江流域耕地资源受坡度变化的影响程度。研究发现,在整个泸水市境内耕地保有量457148.80亩,境内耕地分布坡度范围在2°-81°,主要分布在坡度大于15°区域内,耕地数量随着坡度增大成非线性增长,坡度小于15°时,耕地数量非常少,总量仅为49411.93亩,占比仅为10.81%。由于怒江流域地形地貌复杂,地势陡峭,高差大,坡度较陡,坝区较少,且主要用于城镇建设,导致坝区几乎没有耕地资源,坡度小于6°区域内,耕地面积仅为4452.92亩,占比不到1%。研究结果为区域耕地资源开发以及农业发展提供基础数据支持。 相似文献
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4.
耕地是重要的自然资源和农业生产资料，关系到国家粮食安全和社会经济发展，保护耕地是我国最重要的工作之一。要实现耕地有效保护，必须掌握耕地的质量和各个质量耕地的分布情况，而坡度是衡量耕地质量的重要指标，因此，研究耕地坡度级别以及空间分布对于耕地保护和粮食安全有着重要意义。研究以平果市为例，利用全市5米网格DEM生成坡度数据，并将坡度分为5级，融合地理国情普查的耕地数据，获得平果市耕地的坡度分级数据，并对耕地按照水田和旱地进行统计和空间分析，从而获得平果市两类耕地的坡度分级数据以及空间分布离散度，为耕地保护和开发提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
5.
武川县土地利用类型与地形因子的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以内蒙古呼和浩特市武川县为研究区,利用数学统计、外业调查与内业成图的方法,基于武川县2015年土地利用现状图和DEM数据,分析统计土地利用类型对于不同地形因子的分布情况。研究结果表明:(1)在坡度选择上,耕地和草地集中分布在0~5°,且随着时间变化面积在不断扩大。林地分布随着坡度增加分布范围也增大,且随着时间变化在0~15°范围内面积在不断增加,在15°~90°面积在不断减少,城镇、未利用地及水域在整个坡度范围内的变化比较平缓,均是随坡度的增加所占面积先增加后减少;(2)在坡向选择上,除水域、耕地和城镇在平坡分布占有明显优势以及林地在半阴坡占有明显优势外,其他土地类型在各坡度分布较为平均。地形因子对土地利用类型的分布影响为坡度大于坡向。 相似文献
6.
都市山区耕地资源演变的定量测度——以北京市门头沟区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用北京市门头沟区2001年、2008年两期土地利用现状数据库,在GIS技术支持下,选取与耕地演化相关的坡度、距居民点的距离、距交通干线的距离等地理因子,分析了2001年-2008年间门头沟区耕地流出和流入的情况,并以村域数据为基础,度量耕地利用变化与农民人均分配收入变化的耦合关系。结果表明：0-2°是耕地流失最为集中的坡度区间,随着距居民点的距离增加,耕地流失率呈现持续下降的趋势,耕地的流出与流入均与交通道路的分布有密切的关系,新增耕地整体上向居民点的外围空间扩散,且整体质量状况不佳,随着耕作半径的扩大,很容易被弃耕。从村域耕地与人均分配收入的演变情况来看,耕地理性减少的村庄有87个,耕地非理性减少的村庄有36个,耕地非理性增加的村庄有14个,耕地理性增加的村庄有27个。最后,从耕地保护的制度、理念创新和土地整治等方面提出推动都市山区耕地资源可持续利用的策略。 相似文献
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三峡库区腹地县域耕地压力研究——以奉节县27个乡镇为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以奉节县的27个乡镇为研究区,运用景观生态学理论、地理信息系统和统计分析方法,借助Erdas8.5、ArcGIS9.3以及Fragstats3.3软件,分析了三峡库区腹地奉节县27个乡镇2010年耕地压力空间分布规律,讨论了耕地压力与土壤侵蚀的关系及优化调控措施。结果表明:①研究区耕地受其自然地理条件的影响,在不同岩性、地貌、坡度上分布差异显著;②耕地压力空间差异较显著,长江以北大部分乡镇耕地压力指数小于1,而南部乡镇耕地压力指数基本上大于1.5。根据耕地压力指数偏离1的程度且经校正将研究区分为4类区,包括无压区、边缘区、低压区和高压区;③由于北部地区开垦了大量的坡耕地,缓解了耕地压力,使得北部地区耕地压力比南部地区小,但土壤侵蚀综合指数较南部地区大,即生态破坏较严重。因此,通过大量开垦坡耕地来缓解耕地压力虽能暂时起到作用,但是从长远来看会加快耕地水土流失的速度,最终会大大增加耕地压力;④缓解研究区耕地压力、维护生态平衡要结合城镇化进程,促使人口向非农产业转移,通过异地供给方式解决粮食问题,降低粮食自给率;在推行生态退耕的同时也要保护好现有中、优等别耕地;调整农业结构,形成以种植粮食作物为基础,畜牧业、林果业、药业为主导的农业结构。 相似文献
8.
90年代中国城镇用地动态变化的遥感监测 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
90年代以来,中国经济持续快速发展、城镇化发展较快的结果促使城镇扩展迅速。该文利用90年代1:10×104全国资源环境数据库提取的城镇用地动态变化信息，利用城镇用地扩展指数对全国城镇用地扩展的空间差异进行了分析。对各省级单位城镇用地扩张、城镇用地扩展占用耕地、城镇用地扩展的来源进行了分析。研究表明，90年代中国城镇用地扩展程度较高的地区主要集中在东部沿海及四川盆地等大都市地区；广东、山东、江苏、河南、河北、北京、四川、浙江城镇用地扩展面积占全国城镇扩展面积的66.7%，城镇用地扩展占用耕地占全国的66.53%。从城镇用地扩展的来源可以看出，多数地区城镇用地扩展以占用耕地为主。西北地区城镇用地占用草地资源较多，东北及南方地区占用林地资源较多。在北京、天津、广东、上海城镇用地扩展来源多元化，城镇扩展使农村居民点、独立工矿用地被兼并到城镇中去。国家在实施城镇化战略的同时，应加强对城镇用地扩展的引导，促使其在既有的城乡居民点用地及独立工矿建设用地进行扩张。 相似文献
9.
中国现阶段后备耕地资源经济供给能力分析 总被引：28，自引：6，他引：28
后备耕地资源开发是补充建设占用耕地的重要途径.自50年代起,我国政府就非常重视后备耕地资源的调查评价,但是大部分的估算都是从自然适宜性角度出发,在市场经济条件下,后备耕地资源开发的利润是决定后备耕地资源能否开发的重要因素.该文从经济学角度探讨了后备耕地资源的划分及测算方法,并对我国各区域后备耕地资源开发的可能性进行了分析.根据国家土地局1996年完成的土地利用详查,我国现有后备耕地资源661×104hm2(从自然适宜性角度出发进行估算).该文以此为基础,运用净现值法(NPV)对市场经济条件下的后备耕地资源数量进行估算.经过计算:除了位于东北平原、长白山山地、辽宁平原丘陵、河西走廊平原、河套银川平原、阿拉善高原、东疆盆地以及南疆和北疆的平原的后备耕地资源共236×1O4hm2在市场经济条件下具有开发价值外,其余地区的后备耕地资源不具备开发价值.即,从自然适宜性角度出发估算的后备耕地资源,大部分在市场经济条件下是不具备开发价值的. 相似文献
10.
1998年～2006年中国耕地资源的时空变化特征 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
根据1998年～2006年全国土地利用变更和全国耕地变化情况数据,对中国耕地资源的时空变化特征进行了分析。研究表明：①1998年～2006年间,耕地资源结构变化的区域分异明显。黄淮海平原、长江中下游平原以及东部和东南沿海这些水热条件好、优质耕地集中的区域,灌溉耕地面积减少,耕地生产力降低;②除新疆和黑龙江耕地面积净增加外,全国其它地区耕地面积均呈下降趋势。耕地变化最为剧烈的地区分布在京津塘、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲的经济快速发展区和内蒙长城沿线农牧交错带;③耕地资源增减分布的区域差异明显。耕地减少区域主要分布在黄土高原区、内蒙古及长城沿线的农牧交错带区和东部水热条件较好的平原及丘陵区;耕地增加区域呈明显的西移趋势,由此而导致耕地的整体生态条件恶化;④耕地增减变化的原因亦存在区域差异。在黄土高原区和内蒙古及长城沿线的农牧交错区,耕地减少的主要原因是生态退耕;在经济发达的东部沿海区,耕地减少的主要原因是农业结构调整和建设用地扩张。对于新增耕地而言,在西部地区,主要来自土地开发;在中东部地区,主要来自土地开发和整理;⑤建设用地占用耕地主要是由于独立工矿和村庄的扩张,其区位分布恰和我国重要的粮食生产区域相重叠。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献